Ozone effects on the growth of grafted mature and juvenile red spruce

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Rebbeck ◽  
Keith F. Jensen ◽  
Michael S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Final Harvest

Grafted juvenile and mature scions of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) were grown in open-top chambers at a low-elevation site in central Maine to determine if developmental age of tissue affects response to oxidant pollution. After 18 weeks of ozone exposure, grafted red spruce showed little or no growth response to ozone. No significant ozone effect on biomass production was measured, although there were significant differences between juvenile and mature scions. At the final harvest, juvenile scion stem, stem needles, branches, branch needles, and roots had 60, 18, 74, 73, and 35% more dry weight, respectively, than mature scions. Despite the observed differences in growth and biomass production, the two graft types did not differ in their responses to ozone, suggesting that tissue age may not be a factor in ozone-tolerant woody species such as red spruce. It does not preclude the importance of assessing the influence of age on other woody species' response to air pollution. This type of information is critical for extrapolation of seedling data to field conditions with mature trees.

Growth response of two varieties of slash pine seedlings to chronic ozone exposures

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2369-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Hogsett ◽  
M. Plocher ◽  
V. Wildman ◽  
D. T. Tingey ◽  
J. P. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Two geographical varieties of Pinus elliottii (Engelm.) seedlings, elliottii and densa, were exposed continuously to two daily peak exposure profiles of ozone having 7-h (0900–1600) seasonal means of 0.104 and 0.076 ppm and charcoal-filtered air over a 112-day period. The profiles represented a daily rise and decline of hourly ozone concentration. They were constructed with a daily hourly maximum, which for one profile (0.126 μL/L) exceeded the current ozone standard daily; the standard was not exceeded for the other profile (0.094 μL/L). Destructive harvests at 7-day intervals over the exposure period were employed to assess visible injury and to construct growth curves for stem diameter, plant height, top and root dry weight, and needle number and length. The visible injury was slight, yet all the growth parameters decreased significantly with time and ozone concentration; root growth was the most severely impacted. The observed growth response and visible injury of the two varieties were similar. Seed germination was not affected by ozone exposure.

scholarly journals Potential of Pre-Harvest Wastes of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Crops, Grown for Smoke Products, as Source of Bioactive Compounds (Phenols and Flavonoids)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087
Author(s):  
Maria Isabella Sifola ◽  
Linda Carrino ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Luisa del Piano ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Diammonium Salt ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Folin Assay ◽  
Final Harvest

Tobacco cultivation is characterized by high amounts of waste biomasses whose disposal frequently represents a complex and expensive problem. A study was conducted to evaluate thepotential of pre-harvest light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco waste biomasses as a source of bioactive compounds (nutraceutical ingredients) such as polyphenols. Pre-harvest waste materials (topping fresh materials and residual stalks at final harvest) were collected to determine dry matter, total polyphenols content (TPC; Folin assay), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols quali-quantitative profiles obtained by Orbitrap Q Exactive of both tobacco types were also determined. Total pre-harvest waste biomass amounted to 3956.9 and 1304.4 kg d.w. ha−1 in light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco types, respectively. Polyphenols content, expressed as g kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), ranged between 4.6 and 15.7 g kg−1 d.w. and was generally greater in leaves than in stalks. Considering both leaves and stalks, the light air-cured (Burley) tobacco crop yielded 22.1 kg ha−1 of polyphenols, while the dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco yielded 12.0 kg ha−1. DPPH and ABTS were significantly greater in leaves than in stalks waste biomass in both types of tobacco. The most abundant components were quinic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, and luteolin rutinoside.

scholarly journals Overexpression of vesicle-associated membrane protein PttVAP27-17 as a tool to improve biomass production and the overall saccharification yields in Populus trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Latha Gandla ◽  
Niklas Mähler ◽  
Sacha Escamez ◽  
Tomas Skotare ◽  
Ogonna Obudulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Transgenic Trees ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Wild Type Control

Abstract Background Bioconversion of wood into bioproducts and biofuels is hindered by the recalcitrance of woody raw material to bioprocesses such as enzymatic saccharification. Targeted modification of the chemical composition of the feedstock can improve saccharification but this gain is often abrogated by concomitant reduction in tree growth. Results In this study, we report on transgenic hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) lines that showed potential to increase biomass production both in the greenhouse and after 5 years of growth in the field. The transgenic lines carried an overexpression construct for Populus tremula × tremuloides vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein PttVAP27-17 that was selected from a gene-mining program for novel regulators of wood formation. Analytical-scale enzymatic saccharification without any pretreatment revealed for all greenhouse-grown transgenic lines, compared to the wild type, a 20–44% increase in the glucose yield per dry weight after enzymatic saccharification, even though it was statistically significant only for one line. The glucose yield after enzymatic saccharification with a prior hydrothermal pretreatment step with sulfuric acid was not increased in the greenhouse-grown transgenic trees on a dry-weight basis, but increased by 26–50% when calculated on a whole biomass basis in comparison to the wild-type control. Tendencies to increased glucose yields by up to 24% were present on a whole tree biomass basis after acidic pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification also in the transgenic trees grown for 5 years on the field when compared to the wild-type control. Conclusions The results demonstrate the usefulness of gene-mining programs to identify novel genes with the potential to improve biofuel production in tree biotechnology programs. Furthermore, multi-omic analyses, including transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses, performed here provide a toolbox for future studies on the function of VAP27 proteins in plants.

scholarly journals A Cyanobacteria-Based Biofilm System for Advanced Brewery Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Christina N. Economou ◽  
Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou ◽  
Dimitris V. Vayenas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Supporting Materials

Algal/cyanobacterial biofilm photobioreactors provide an alternative technology to conventional photosynthetic systems for wastewater treatment based on high biomass production and easy biomass harvesting at low cost. This study introduces a novel cyanobacteria-based biofilm photobioreactor and assesses its performance in post-treatment of brewery wastewater and biomass production. Two different supporting materials (glass/polyurethane) were tested to investigate the effect of surface hydrophobicity on biomass attachment and overall reactor performance. The reactor exhibited high removal efficiency (over 65%) of the wastewater’s pollutants (chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, orthophosphate, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen), while biomass per reactor surface reached 13.1 and 12.8 g·m−2 corresponding to 406 and 392 mg·L−1 for glass and polyurethane, respectively, after 15 days of cultivation. The hydrophilic glass surface favored initial biomass adhesion, although eventually both materials yielded complete biomass attachment, highlighting that cell-to-cell interactions are the dominant adhesion mechanism in mature biofilms. It was also found that the biofilm accumulated up to 61% of its dry weight in carbohydrates at the end of cultivation, thus making the produced biomass a suitable feedstock for bioethanol production.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Bigcone Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa) to Long-Term Ozone Exposure in Southern California

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Peterson ◽  
David G. Silsbee ◽  
Mark Poth ◽  
Michael J. Arbaugh ◽  
Frances E. Biles
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ozone Exposure

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Time on Canopy Structure and Biomass Production in Some Soybean Genotypes

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
MK Uddin ◽  
MK Hasan ◽  
AKMA Alam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

A field experiment was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh during November 2003 to May 2004 to assess the effect of planting time (November and December) on some morphological structure, and root & shoot biomass production in four soybean genotypes (GPB-1, GPB-2, AGS-332 and AGS-11-35). The plant height, stem base diameter, seed dry weight plant-1 were significantly greater in the late planting crops (December) but number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, leaves dry weight plant-1, shoots dry weight plant-1, roots dry weight plant-1, total dry matter plant-1 were also significantly greater in November planting. Highest plant height, branches plant-1 and leaves plant-1, shoot dry weight plant-1 and total dry matter were found in GPB-2 genotype. Key words: Early and late planting, shoot and root mass, Glycine max. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1453 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 25-29, June 2007

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF VERMICOMPOST ON THE GROWTH OF APULEIA LEIOCARPA (VOG) MACBR. SEEDLINGS

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
Peter Spathelf ◽  
Leonir Rodrigues Barichello ◽  
Hamilton Luiz Munari Vogel ◽  
Mauro Valdir Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Seedling Germination ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to determine the best vermicompost dose for seedling production of Apuleia leiocarpa. The experiment consisted of five treatments, which were conducted in a greenhouse. The following doses of vermicompost were tested: control (without vermicompost); 10% vermicompost; 20% vermicompost; 30% vermicompost and 40% vermicompost of the total container volume (185 cm3). The experimental design was entirely randomised. The substratum used was bark of Pinus sp., which was triturated and composted. A hundred days after seedling germination, the following variables were analysed: height and diameter growth, above ground dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter. The 30% vermicompost doses showed to be optimum in growth response and biomass production of Apuleia leiocarpa seedlings.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Fields (0.04 to 0.39) mT effect on cellular growth cycles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Eliseo Amado-González ◽  
Alveiro Álvarez Ovallos ◽  
Alfonso Quijano Parra
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Cycles

Low frecuency electromagnetic fields effect (EMF) on growth cycles of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains Rv1 and Rhône were studied.  A cylindrical coil induced magnetic fields with inductions up to 0,39 mT. Exposure time to EMF varied between (1 – 10) min at 30 °C.  The biomass growth were monitored in the reactor culture media (yeast extract + by measurement optical density from (0 to 32) h. The biomass was found by dry weight. After yeast expose to the different EMF, the number of growth cycles decreased from 4 cycles to 2 or 1. However, the biomass production increased almost 50 %.  The best biomass production was found at 0.39 mT and 10 min exposure time.  Keywords: Electromagnetic fields, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, biomass production, RV1

scholarly journals Seasonal Partitioning of Leaf and Fruit Potassium and Fruit Dry Matter in French Prune Trees at Various Potassium Levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
R.M. Carlson ◽  
K. Uriu ◽  
N.H. Willits ◽  
J.P. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
High K

A study was undertaken to determine the seasonal dynamics of leaf and fruit K content and the influence of tree K status and fruit growth on leaf and fruit K accumulation rates in French prune (Prunus domestics L. cv. d'Agen). Mature trees in a commercial orchard were treated with various rates of K2 SO4. (O to ≈20 kg/tree) in the fall. Fruit dry weight yield per tree at harvest and fruit K content were higher for high-K trees, but fruit percent K (by dry weight) was ≈1.0% for all trees. Leaf scorch and subsequent abscission severely reduced the canopy of K-deficient trees. Significant positive linear relationships between leaf and fruit K accumulation rates existed for the periods of 28 Apr.-28 May (May) and 28 May-7 July (June). A significant negative linear relationship existed between these two criteria from 7 July-3 Aug. (July). May (0.237 mg K per fruit-day) and July (0.267 mg K per fruit-day) mean fruit K accumulation rates were similar, but both were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those for June (0.140 mg K per fruit-day). Mean leaf K accumulation rates for May (- 0.007 mg K per leaf-day) and July (-0.010 mg K per leaf-day) were similar, but both were significantly (P = 0.001) less than for June (0.005 mg K per leaf-day). Potassium per fruit accumulation was highest in trees with highest K status. Periods of net leaf K efflux and influx did not precisely correlate with fruit growth stages measured by fruit dry weight. The period of lowest fruit K accumulation (28 May-7 July) coincided with the period of maximum dry matter accumulation by the kernel. After 7 July, all increases in fruit dry weight and K content were due to mesocarp growth.

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