Taxonomic patterns and inheritance of chloroplast DNA variation in a survey of Pinusechinata, Pinuselliottii, Pinuspalustris, and Pinustaeda

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Wagner ◽  
W.L. Nance ◽  
C.D. Nelson ◽  
T. Li ◽  
R.N. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dna Restriction Fragments ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Variation ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers

We used 20 heterologous probes (representing approximately 78% of the Pinuscontorta Dougl. chloroplast genome) and 16 endonucleases to examine chloroplast DNA restriction fragments from four Pinus L. species of the southeastern United States. Three variable markers, separated from each other by at least 20 kilobase pairs, were detected in a preliminary screening of two samples from each of the four southern pine species. Restriction fragments of these three markers were paternally inherited in controlled matings, as would be expected of chloroplast DNA genotypes of conifers. Eight chloroplast DNA haplotypes were identified by joint analysis of the three markers in a geographic survey of 215 individuals. The taxonomic distribution of these eight haplotypes placed the four southern pines in the following three groups: (i) Pinusechinata Mill.–Pinuspalustris Mill., (ii) Pinuselliottii Engelm., and (iii)Pinustaeda L. Little intraspecific variation was evident in the geographic survey, but one of the three chloroplast DNA markers was clearly polymorphic in P. elliottii.

CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION AND EVOLUTION IN PISUM: PATTERNS OF CHANGE AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D Palmer ◽  
Richard A Jorgensen ◽  
William F Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Variation ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Variation in 30 chloroplast DNAs, representing 22 wild and cultivated accessions in the genus Pisum, was analyzed by comparing fragment patterns produced by 16 restriction endonucleases. Three types of mutations were detected. First, an inversion of between 2.2 kilobase pairs (kb) and 5.2 kb distinguished a population of P. humile from all other Pisum accessions examined. Second, deletions and insertions of between 50 and 1200 base pairs produced small restriction fragment length variations in four regions of the 120-kb chloroplast genome. Two of these regions—one of which is located within the sequence that is inverted in P. humile—showed a high degree of size polymorphism, to the extent that size differences were detected between individuals from the same accession. Finally, a total of only 11 restriction site mutations were detected among the 165 restriction sites sampled in the 30 DNAs. Based on these results and previous data, we conclude that the chloroplast genome is evolving very slowly relative to nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs. The Pisum chloroplast DNA restriction site mutations define two major lineages: One includes all tested accessions of P. fulvum, which is known to be cytogenetically quite distinct from all other Pisum taxa. The second includes 12 of 13 cultivated lines of the garden pea (P. sativum) and a wild population of P. humile from northern Israel. These observations strongly reinforce an earlier conclusion that the cultivated pea was domesticated primarily from northern populations of P. humile. A 13th P. sativum cultivar has a chloroplast genome that is significantly different from those of the aforementioned lines and somewhat more similar to those of P. elatius and southern populations of P. humile. This observation indicates that secondary hybridization may have occurred during the domestication of the garden pea.

A genetical approach to the physical mapping of chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Lemieux ◽  
Monique Turmel ◽  
Verner L. Seligy ◽  
Robert W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Streptomycin Resistance ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Chloroplast Genes ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Dna Restriction Fragments ◽  
Dna Restriction

Among the 100 potential chloroplast genes encoding polypeptides in higher plants, only 8 have been identified and mapped so far. Physical mapping of additional polypeptide genes for which there is no molecular probe can be facilitated by taking advantage of chloroplast genetics. We have demonstrated that it is possible to use a combination of genetical and molecular approaches to map directly a gene locus on the chloroplast genome of the interfertile green algae Chlamydomonas eugametos and Chlamydomonas moewusii. Because of the extensive recombination of chloroplast DNA and the biparental inheritance of chloroplast genetic markers detected in C. eugametos – C. moewusii hybrids, the inheritance of such genetic markers can be correlated with that of certain chloroplast DNA restriction fragments characteristic of one or the other parent. In 41 hybrids, a strict correlation was noted between the inheritance of a streptomycin resistance marker and that of chloroplast DNA restriction fragments encoding the two 16S rRNA genes. These results, therefore, support the view that the streptomycin resistance locus resides in each of the two 16S rRNA genes.

Chloroplast DNA variation among and within taxonomic varieties of Pinuscaribaea and Pinuselliottii

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dana Nelson ◽  
Warren L. Nance ◽  
David B. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Biochemical Evidence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Variation

Chloroplast DNA BamHI restriction fragments were studied in Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii (11 trees), P. elliottii var. densa (2 trees), the three taxonomic varieties of Pinuscaribaea Morelet (39 trees), and Pinusoocarpa Schiede (9 trees). Polymorphism was detected within both P. elliottii varieties, but not within P. oocarpa. Each of the P. caribaea varieties was monomorphic, but the Cuban variety, P. caribaea var. caribaea, differed clearly from the Bahamian (P. caribaea var.bahamensis) and Honduran (P. caribaea var. hondurensis) varieties. Variety caribaea shared the most frequent chloroplast genotype of P. elliottii var. elliottii, while varieties bahamensis and hondurensis shared the second most frequent genotype of P. elliottii var. elliottii. The P. oocarpa chloroplast genotype was not found in other taxa of the present study, but was found previously in Pinusechinata Mill, and Pinuspalustris Mill. The results of this study, taken together with other chloroplast data from subsection Australes, suggest a close relationship between P. caribaea and P. elliottii. This confirms previous morphological and biochemical evidence, but several discrepancies were apparent and are discussed.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Chloroplast DNA Variation inCoffeaL

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cros ◽  
M.C. Combes ◽  
P. Trouslot ◽  
F. Anthony ◽  
S. Hamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Variation
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