Growth trends and stand dynamics in natural loblolly pine in the southeastern United States

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

A number of recent studies have shown reduced stand-level and individual-tree growth in natural loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) stands in the southeastern United States. This study uses increment cores from dominant and codominant trees to determine if individual-tree growth has changed from 1915 to 1985. The cores are grouped for comparison by first sorting on the basis of median stand age and then further sorting these groups of cores by individual-tree age. These trees experienced increasing basal area increments from the mid-1940s into the mid-1970s, after which growth rates returned to preincrease levels. These data support recent findings of growth reductions, but also indicate previously unreported growth increases preceding the growth decreases. These and supplemental permanent plot data suggest that stand dynamics is a viable hypothesis for explaining these growth trends.

A new method for evaluating forest thinning: growth dominance in managed Pinus resinosa stands

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Bradford ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik ◽  
Shawn Fraver
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
New Method ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

Growth dominance is a relatively new, simple, quantitative metric of within-stand individual tree growth patterns, and is defined as positive when larger trees in the stand display proportionally greater growth than smaller trees, and negative when smaller trees display proportionally greater growth than larger trees. We examined long-term silvicultural experiments in red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) to characterize how stand age, thinning treatments (thinned from above, below, or both), and stocking levels (residual basal area) influence stand-level growth dominance through time. In stands thinned from below or from both above and below, growth dominance was not significantly different from zero at any age or stocking level. Growth dominance in stands thinned from above trended from negative at low stocking levels to positive at high stocking levels and was positive in young stands. Growth dominance in unthinned stands was positive and increased with age. These results suggest that growth dominance provides a useful tool for assessing the efficacy of thinning treatments designed to reduce competition between trees and promote high levels of productivity across a population, particularly among crop trees.

Modeling individual tree growth for juvenile loblolly pine plantations

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoang Zhang ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

scholarly journals Possibilities and limitations of individual-tree growth models – A review on model evaluations

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vospernik
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

Summary Individual-tree growth models are the new standard for modeling growth and yield. Their main purpose is to simulate future forest management scenarios but they can also be used to predict wood quality, rockfall protection or habitat quality. Individual tree growth models may consist of different models but core models are diameter increment, height increment, crown ratio (often used as a predictor for increment) and mortality. The model differentiation is based on how these four models include tree age (size), competition and site. Four common growth simulators in Central Europe are BWIN, Moses, Prognaus and Silva. These four models are commonly deployed to simulate 30 years of growth, but a prospective application is the simulation of a whole rotation period (80–150 years). It is therefore crucial to understand the possibilities and limitations of these models by evaluating them. This review paper summarizes the statistical and emergent properties’ evaluation results for these models. Statistical evaluations focus on individual models of a simulator, whereas the evaluation of emergent properties evaluates the entire simulator, by testing if the models conform to known principles of stand growth. Further, the meaning of these evaluation results for the development and improvement of individual-tree growth models is discussed.

scholarly journals Radial growth trends of loblolly pine in the Virginia Coastal Plain

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1660-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Reams
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

A number of recent studies have shown reduced individual-tree growth throughout the 1970s and early 1980s in natural loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) stands in the southeastern United States. This study updates radial growth trends of loblolly pine in the Virginia Coastal Plain through 1989. Ring-width series were initially grouped into two age-classes (<50 or ≥50 years) and a clustering procedure was used to identify common radial growth patterns. These data suggest that radial growth trends of loblolly pine are cyclic and support previous findings of reduced growth in the 1970s. A reversal in trend has occurred since the early 1980s with radial growth increasing since then for both old and young trees. This change to increased growth corroborates the finding of increased growth of loblolly pine identified in the most current Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) survey cycle for the Virginia Coastal Plain.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameter Estimates for Growth Traits from Diallel Tests of Loblolly Pine Throughout the Southeastern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Mckeand ◽  
B. Li ◽  
J. E. Grissom ◽  
F. Isik ◽  
K. J. S. Jayawickrama
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Individual Tree

Abstract Variation in heritability and in genetic correlation estimates were evaluated for juvenile tree height and volume for six testing areas of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southeastern United States. Variance components and their functions (heritability and type B genetic correlations) were estimated from 265 six-parent disconnected diallel series, tested in almost 1000 trials (4 tests per diallel series). Original data were collected at age 6 years from about one million trees (265 diallel series x 30 crosses x 36 trees per cross/site x 4 sites) planted in field tests. Genetic tests were from the second cycle of breeding in the North Carolina State University - Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The overall unbiased individual-tree narrow-sense heritability for height was 0.19 and for volume was 0.16. The broad-sense heritabilities for height (0.24) and for volume (0.22) were higher than narrow-sense heritabilities due to the presence of non-additive genetic variance. There were moderate regional differences in these estimates, with tests in the Lower Gulf Coastal Plain tending to have the highest heritabilities for growth traits. There was very little association between site index and heritability, but heritabilities were higher on sites with the highest survival and highest test precision. Genotype x environment interactions were generally low both for half-sib and full-sib families, indicating that families can be operationally deployed to different sites with little concern about unpredictable performance.

Economics of intercropping loblolly pine and switchgrass for bioenergy markets in the southeastern United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Susaeta ◽  
Pankaj Lal ◽  
Janaki Alavalapati ◽  
Evan Mercer ◽  
Douglas Carter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States

Absorption and translocation of [14C]glyphosate in four woody plant species

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Green ◽  
Patrick J. Minogue ◽  
Charles H. Brewer ◽  
Glenn R. Glover ◽  
Dean H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Foliar Absorption

Absorption and translocation patterns of radio-labelled glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) were examined in four species of woody plants to determine mechanisms of herbicide tolerance in species common to the southeastern United States. Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) and yaupon (Ilexvomitoria (L.) Ait.), both tolerant to the herbicide, absorbed significantly less glyphosate than did red maple (Acerrubrum L.) or white oak (Quercusalba L.), indicating the importance of foliar absorption as a barrier to glyphosate entry. Although herbicide absorption was similar between the sensitive white oak and the tolerant red maple, white oak accumulated more glyphosate in the roots than did red maple, indicating that translocation patterns also contribute significantly to glyphosate tolerance in some woody species.

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