Dormancy release and growth responses of 3+0 bare-root white spruce (Piceaglauca) seedlings subjected to moisture stress before freezer storage

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Rose ◽  
Steven K. Omi ◽  
Barry Court ◽  
Kathy Yakimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Freezer Storage ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Plant Moisture

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings from three seed sources to determine how plant moisture stress before storage and length of freezer storage (8–209 days) affect dormancy release and growth responses of outplanted seedlings. During storage, plant water potential remained lower (more negative) in seedlings subjected to high prestorage plant moisture stress than in those subjected to low prestorage plant moisture stress. However, as duration of storage increased, overall plant moisture stress declined. High prestorage plant moisture stress had little influence on dormancy except to delay terminal bud break in seedlings from the southernmost seed source by 10% and, after an 8-day storage period, to delay bud break of seedlings by 15% compared with the low moisture stress treatment. Seed source and storage period were associated with the greatest variation in growth. The central seed source produced more growth in height and biomass than the other seed sources. Better height growth of seedlings subjected to high moisture stress was attained after all but the 8-day storage period. Seedling responses were complex and not clearly related to their performance in nursery and field outplantings.

The use of mitotic index in seedling assessments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2222-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek J. Krasowski ◽  
John N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Seed Sources

The daytime pattern of mitotic index (MI) (percent of apical cells undergoing mitosis) in the shoot apex of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce) containerized seedlings was examined and compared for five cultural treatments. From sowing in March until mid-July, all seedlings were grown under an extended, 23-h photoperiod in a common nursery culture. In mid-July, an array of photoperiod treatments was created, ranging from ambient photoperiod and temperature to different levels of short day length and ambient or controlled, constant temperature. Consistency of MI comparisons among the treatments at different specimen collection times was emphasized rather than treatment effects on MI. Specimens were collected four times a day on two dates: when most seedlings in all treatments were initiating bud scales and when most seedlings were initiating leaf primordia. Patterns of MI were different on each of these dates. It is shown that conclusions about treatment effects on MI can be influenced by the sampling protocol and analytical approach. End of the growing season studies of white spruce and P. glauca × Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (white × Sitka spruce hybrid) seedlings grown in a greenhouse culture showed that MI below 1% was well correlated with low (<25%) foliage damage, reasonably correlated with stem tissue damage, and not correlated with bud damage resulting from controlled freezer tests to −18 °C. It is concluded that the MI technique could be useful in lifting-date determination, but different MI thresholds must be established for southern, northern, or coastal seed sources. Monitoring MI was not a good alternative to using days to bud break (testing under forcing conditions) to determine bud dormancy status. However, mitotic reactivation of the apical meristem in seedlings overwintering in a nursery bed occurred earlier in the spring than visible signs of growth reactivation (bud swelling and bud break). Studies of growth resumption of western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn) seedlings in winter revealed that this species would be considered quiescent if tested under a long photoperiod, while under a short photoperiod growth resumption was much slower in early than in mid- and late winter.

scholarly journals Adaptation to climate change: Genetic variation is both a short- and a long-term solution

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
André Rainville
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Site Index Model ◽  
Plantation Yield

We propose a methodology combining a biophysical site index model and a seed source transfer model based on both temperature and precipitation to estimate white spruce plantation yield under present and future global warming conditions. The biophysical site index model predicts dominant height at 25 years, which is further used to estimate plantation yield using yield tables. The transfer model shows that, on average, seed sources are best adapted to the temperature conditions where they presently grow, and give maximum yield under these conditions. However, this model also shows that transfer of seed sources to drier sites could improve plantation yield. To predict site index values under climate change conditions, values obtained from the biophysical site index model are corrected by a factor estimated using the seed source transfer model. Our simulation results predict that global warming should favour a slight increase in white spruce plantation yield in southern Québec. However, one cannot expect to obtain similar yields from a seed source rapidly exposed to warmer conditions compared with a seed source that is presently growing under climatic conditions to which it has become adapted. It would take several generations (adaptation lag) for a seed source to adapt to warmer conditions. We believe that the method we propose will be helpful in identifying the most productive seed source to be used at any given location in the province, and in revising seed source transfer rules. Key words: climate change, white spruce, provenance test, transfer model, site index, adaptation, plantation, GIS

Nutrient Content of the Aboveground Tissue of 12-week-old Loblolly Pine Intraprovenance and Interprovenance Crosses

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Woessner ◽  
C. B. Davey ◽  
B. E. Crabtree ◽  
J. D. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Good Linear ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg) of the aboveground tissue of a series of full-sib loblolly crosses was found to vary by genotype. Variability among and within seed sources is indicated for the ability to absorb Ca and Mg. Absorption of P and K was not found to be dependent on seed source, but the full-sib crosses differ. Good linear relationships were found between plant dry weight and weight of element but not between plant dry weight and percentage of element. Certain highly efficient crosses can be expected to be good producers of dry matter on sites low in available nutrients.

Identification of QTLs controlling chilling and heat requirements for dormancy release and bud break in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Kitamura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Habu ◽  
Hisayo Yamane ◽  
Soichiro Nishiyama ◽  
Kei Kajita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bud Break ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Prunus Mume ◽  
Japanese Apricot ◽  
Heat Requirements

Silver Maple Seed Sources for Increased Biomass Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kopp ◽  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
South Central ◽  
Maple Seed

Abstract Silver maple shows promise for use in short-rotation intensive culture energy plantings. A seed source study composed of trees from 26 midwest locations was established in south-central Nebraska in 1979 to determine where silver maple seed should be collected for use in the central Great Plains. Trees were evaluated for survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems per tree during their seventh growing season. Sources from eastern Nebraska, western Iowa, eastern Kansas, and northwest Missouri generally exhibited the greatest survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems. Height growth appears to be under stronger genetic control than stem number, suggesting that selection for height should take priority when selecting trees for biomass production. Geographic trends related to survival and height growth, but not stem number, were observed. Environmental or geographic factors that are strong predictors of seed source performance could not be identified. Planting the most locally produced seed is advisable for the central Plains. North. J. Appl. For. 5:180-184, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Performance of Green Ash Seed Sources at Four Locations in the Great Plains Region

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
Keith D. Lynch ◽  
John Row ◽  
Peter Schaeffer ◽  
Walter Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Ash Trees

Abstract Green ash trees from 10 seed sources were planted in a test in 1961 in four states of the Great Plains Region. After more than 20 years, height growth indicates a strong interaction between seed source and plantation location. Larger trees were from southerly sources within about three degrees of latitude of the plantation site. Beyond those limits, cold injury may result. Height and dbh age-age correlations were highly significant at 8 and 20+ years. Height and dbh correlated negatively with a decrease in latitude. North. J. Appl. For. 22(1):54–58.

The effect of genotype on biomass and nutrient content in 11-year-old loblolly pine plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Hilly Region

Dry weights and nutrient contents of all aboveground biomass components were estimated for four seed sources of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) grown in plantations of the same spacing on an old-field site of high quality in the hilly region of north-central Arkansas, U.S.A. Soil nutrient content was estimated to a depth of 0.61 m. Stand data averaged over all seeds sources are in agreement with published reports for dry weight and nutrient accumulation for loblolly pine if differences associated with seasonal variation are considered. Seed source significantly affected total dry matter and nutrient accumulations. Estimated total aboveground mean annual accumulation of biomass for the four seed sources ranged from 5.99 × 103 to 11.17 × 103 kg/ha per year. Elemental accumulation (kilograms per hectare per year) ranged from 14.06 to 23.66 for N, 1.54 to 3.45 for P, and 6.96 to 18.43 for K. On the average, trees comprise 84% of the aboveground plant biomass and contain 76% of the N, 77% of the P, and 90%, of the K associated with plant tissue. The significant influence of seed source on these stand values can affect the potential impact of short rotation, total tree harvesting on long-term site productivity. The elemental content of the tree biomass ranged from 7 to 11% of the total N, 20 to 35% of the P, and 14 to 30% of the K in the soil–litter–plant system.

Effect of habitat and substrate quality on Douglas fir litter decomposition in western Oregon

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fogel ◽  
Kermit Cromack Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Woody Litter ◽  
Plant Moisture

Linear regression models were developed for Douglas fir needle, female cone, branch, and bark decomposition in seven stands representing four mature vegetation types in western Oregon. Rate constants (k) for annual weight loss of needles ranged from 0.22 to 0.31 year−1, from 0.047 to 0.083 year−1 for cones, from 0.059 to 0.089 year−1 for branches, and from 0.005 to 0.040 year−1 for bark. The decomposition constant (k) of needles had a negative linear correlation (P < 0.01) with maximum plant moisture stress and temperature growth index of the seven stands. In comparing substrate quality of needle and woody litter components, k was more closely correlated with lignin content than with C:N ratio.

Douglas-Fir from New Mexico More Outstanding than Other Sources Studied in Maryland

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
John B. Genys
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
Northern Latitude ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Natural Range

Abstract Douglas-fir, represented by different seed sources from its natural range, has been studied in two research plantations in Maryland. In the Piedmont Plateau, 24 populations at age 5 varied in foliage turning brown (0% to 22%) which was associated with the longitude (r = 0.61) and the altitude (r = -0.48) of the seed source. At age 12 they varied in survival (6% to 94%), in height (0.9 m to 1.9 m), and in attraction for use as Christmas trees (0% to 19%), all inversely correlated with the northern latitude. In the Appalachian region, 20 sources at age 19 varied in survival (13% to 81%) and in height (1.5 m to 4.2 m), which was inversely correlated to the western longitude, and directly correlated with the altitude of the seed source. In both plantations, the most outstanding populations in survival, height, and attraction for use as Christmas trees were the two sources from Otero County, NM. North. J. Appl. For. 6:56-59, June 1989.

scholarly journals Growth responses of seedlings produced by parent seeds from specific altitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121-2127
Author(s):  
Valasia Iakovoglou ◽  
Ioannis Takos ◽  
Georgia Pantazi ◽  
Aikaterini Pipsou ◽  
Maria Neofotistou
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Seedling Characteristics ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Restoration activities in semi-arid Mediterranean areas like Greece face many obstacles, such as summer droughts that are becoming more intense with climate change, that pose limitations to transplanting success. Seedlings for restoration must be of high quality; a vigorous root system is critical to enable seedlings to tolerate adverse conditions. Here we investigated the effects of altitude and source parent for seeds on the growth of subsequent seedlings to determine the best seed sources for obtaining highest-quality, most-tolerant seedlings for restoration efforts. Seeds of Quercus coccifera L. were collected on an altitudinal gradient of 50 m (200, 250 and 300 m a.s.l.) and from specific parents at each altitude. Subsequent seedlings were grown for 3 months in a greenhouse with controlled irrigation. The results indicated a strong altitudinal and parental seed effect on seedling characteristics. As altitude decreased, biomass of the seedlings increased, and they developed more vigorous roots and more photosynthetic leaf tissue. Thus, altitude and parent are critical factors to consider when producing seed-derived seedling. By collecting seeds from a specific altitude and parent, more vigorous and stress-tolerant seedlings can be obtained to enhance transplanting success.

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