Leaf temperature effects on net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and photorespiration of seedlings of black locust families with contrasting growth rates

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1616-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfai Mebrahtu ◽  
James W. Hanover ◽  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
James A. Flore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Slow Growing

Rates of net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and photorespiration of six half-sib families of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) were measured at leaf temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 °C. Rates of dark respiration increased with increasing leaf temperature in all families and reached as high as 67% of gross photosynthesis at 40 °C in one family. Dark respiration of foliage accounted for 12.5 to 59% of the reduction in net photosynthesis at temperatures higher than those optimum for net photosynthesis. Rates of photorespiration peaked at 10 to 20 °C, exhibiting the same pattern as net photosynthesis, and did not contribute to the decline in net photosynthesis at high temperatures. The families with high rates of net photosynthesis also had high rates of photorespiration. Rates of dark respiration were significantly different among the families, and the slow-growing families had the highest rates of dark respiration. A significant interaction between half-sib families and leaf temperatures was noted for dark respiration. The data indicated the possibility of improving the growth of black locust by selection and breeding for large leaf area, high rates of net photosynthesis and low rates of dark respiration.

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND CARBON COST OF DEVELOPING RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165g-1166
Author(s):  
Keith Birkhold ◽  
Rebecca Darnell ◽  
Karen Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Carbon Cost ◽  
Fruit Photosynthesis

Carbon exchange and content of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fruit were measured from anthesis through fruit ripening in order to determine the amount of imported carbon required for fruit development. Net photosynthesis occurred in blueberry fruit from petal fall through color break. During this time, gross photosynthesis of fruit decreased from 30.1 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1 to 4.8 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1, and dark respiration decreased from 14.3 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1 to 4.6 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1. After color break, the photosynthetic rate fell to zero, and the respiration rate increased to 8.0 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1, before decreasing. Preliminary data suggest that fruit photosynthesis contributes 11% of the total carbon required (dry weight gain + respiratory loss) during fruit development however, it supplies 50% of the total carbon required during the first 5 days after petal fall. This contribution of carbon from fruit photosynthesis may be critical in initial fruit development since the current season's vegetative growth is not yet providing carbohydrates.

Temperature Response of Whole-plant CO2 Exchange Rates of Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 511d-511
Author(s):  
Marc W. van Iersel ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Photosynthesis and respiration temperature-response curves are useful in predicting the ability of plants to perform under different environmental conditions. Whole crop CO2 exchange of two groups of magnolia `Greenback' plants was measured over a 26 °C temperature range. Net photosynthesis (Pnet) increased from 2 to 17% C and decreased again at higher temperatures. The Q10 for Pnet decreased from ≈4 at 6 °C to 0.5 at 24 °C. The decrease in Pnet at temperatures over 17 °C was caused by a rapid increase in dark respiration (Rdark) with increasing temperature. The Q10 for Rdark was estimated by fitting an exponential curve to data, resulting in a temperature-independent Q10 of 2.8. Gross photosynthesis (Pgross), estimated as the sum of Rdark and Pnet, increased over the entire temperature range (up to 25 °C). The Q10 for Pgross decreased with increasing temperature, but remained higher than 1. The data suggest that high respiration rates may be the limiting factor for growth of magnolia exposed to high temperatures, since it may result in a net carbon loss from the plants. At temperatures below 5 °C, both Pnet and Rdark become low and the net CO2 exchange of the plants would be expected to be minimal.

scholarly journals Nutrient Solution Concentration Affects Whole-plant CO2 Exchange and Growth of Subirrigated Pansy

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. van Iersel ◽  
Jong-Goo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shoot To Root Ratio ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

To determine the effect of fertilizer concentration on plant growth and physiology, whole-plant C exchange rates of pansies (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams.) subirrigated with one of four fertilizer concentrations were measured over 30 days. Plants were watered with fertilizer solutions with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.15, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 dS·m-1 (N at 0, 135, 290, or 440 mg·L-1, respectively). Plants watered with a fertilizer solution with an EC of 2 dS·m-1 had the highest shoot dry weight (DW), shoot to root ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio (LAR), and cumulative C gain at the end of the experiment compared to those watered with a solution with a higher or lower EC. Shoot tissue concentrations of N, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, Na, and Zn increased linearly with increasing fertilizer concentration. A close correlation between final DW of the plants and the measured cumulative C gain (CCG) (r2 = 0.98) indicated that the C exchange rates were good indicators of plant growth. There were quadratic relationships between fertilizer EC and gross photosynthesis, net photosynthesis, and dark respiration, starting at 13, 12, and 6 days after transplanting, respectively. Although plants fertilized with a fertilizer solution with an EC of 2 dS·m-1 had the highest C exchange rates, the final differences in shoot DW and CCG among ECs of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 dS·m-1 were small and it appears that pansies can be grown successfully with a wide range of fertilizer concentrations. Plants with a high LAR also had higher DW, suggesting that increased growth was caused largely by increased light interception. A detrimental effect of high fertilizer concentrations was that it resulted in a decrease in root DW and a large increase in shoot to root ratio.

Photosynthesis and Respiration of Developing Soybean Pods

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
EY Sambo ◽  
J Moorby ◽  
FL Milthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis

Net CO2 uptake by soybean pods in the light was much less and output in darkness much greater than from equal areas of leaves. The net photosynthesis decreased, becoming negative, and dark respiration increased as seed filling progressed. The photochemical efficiency was the same but the diffusive resistance of pods was about twice and the internal resistance two to three times those of leaves. Fluxes into open deseeded pods were initially much greater than into intact pods but drying out of the tissue soon led to fluxes only about three times greater. From these measurements and light- and CO2-response curves of intact pods, estimates of gross photosynthesis, photorespiration and dark respiration of seeds and hulls were made. These indicated that seed reassimilated slightly more CO2 than they respired when young and about two-thirds thereof at a later stage. Hulls fixed about similar amounts but these were insufficient to prevent net effluxes from pods during the later stages of their development, even at irradiances of 190 W m-2. On a daily basis, direct uptake of CO2 made a negligible contribution to the total import of dry weight by the pod; nevertheless, photosynthesis in the seeds and hulls refixed some 50-70% of the CO2 respired by these tissues.

Sphagnum outcompetes feathermosses in their photosynthetic adaptation to postharvest black spruce forests

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 585-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinbiao Zhu ◽  
Victoria Nimmo ◽  
Jianghua Wu ◽  
Raymond Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Forest Succession ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Understory Vegetation Management ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Photosynthetic Traits ◽  
Photosynthetic Adaptation

Mosses dominate the understory of black spruce forest, and changes in moss community composition and functional traits may influence many important ecosystem processes, particularly paludification due to accumulation of peat (mainly Sphagnum). To understand performance and fitness of ground-cover mosses in early forest succession following clearcutting, we investigated photosynthetic traits in Sphagnum and three feathermoss species (i.e., Hylocomium, Ptilium, and Pleurozium) coexisting in mature stands and decade-old black spruce harvest blocks. The results showed that all of these mosses have a significantly higher light saturation point at the harvested plots than the forested plots. Feathermosses at the harvested plots all underwent a reduction in quantum efficiency, chlorophyll b content, and chlorophylls:carotenoids ratio related to photoinhibition, particularly Pleurozium, which experienced a significant decrease in maximum net photosynthesis. In contrast, Sphagnum showed a significant increase in maximum gross photosynthesis, dark respiration, and the ratio of chlorophyll a:b at the harvested plots compared with the forested plots. The distinctive responses of moss photosynthetic traits indicate the potential proliferation of Sphagnum and decrease of feathermosses, and thus consequent peat accumulation. Our results emphasize the importance of the photosynthetic traits of moss as indicators of postharvest conditions for enhancing understory vegetation management to maintain and improve productivity of black spruce.

Gas Exchange of Mitchell Grass (Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin) in Relation to Irradiance, Carbon Dioxide Supply, Leaf Temperature and Temperature History

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Doley ◽  
DJ Yates
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
The Best Approximation ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis

Relationships were established between photosynthesis in A. lappacea and photosynthetic quantum flux, ambient CO2 concentration and leaf temperature. There were no substantial differences between plants raised in a glasshouse and under three temperature regimes in growth cabinets in their responses to light level and CO2 concentration. Large variations in the rate of photosynthesis were observed in plants raised under any environmental regime, this being due in part to the effects of leaf age. It was concluded that the greatest rate of photosynthesis observed in a series of experiments represented the best approximation to the rate attainable in the absence of limitations imposed by factors extraneous to the experiment concerned. The temperature responses of net photosynthesis, dark respiration and transpiration were influenced by growth regime temperature; the leaf temperature at which photosynthesis was maximal increased with growth regime air temperature up to at least 33°C. Plants transferred from one temperature regime to another exhibited the behaviour characteristic of the new regime within one day and two nights of the transfer. Estimates of gas diffusive resistances indicated that both the stornatal and CO2 mesophyll (residual) resistances adapted to changed temperature conditions after about one thermoperiod. The temperatures at which these diffusive resistances were minimal varied in the same sense as the changes in growth regime temperature. The roles of these aspects of behaviour in the adaptation of A. lappacea to its environment are discussed.

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHESIS, RESPIRATION, AND CARBON COST OF DEVELOPING RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165G-1166
Author(s):  
Keith Birkhold ◽  
Rebecca Darnell ◽  
Karen Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Carbon Cost ◽  
Fruit Photosynthesis

Carbon exchange and content of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fruit were measured from anthesis through fruit ripening in order to determine the amount of imported carbon required for fruit development. Net photosynthesis occurred in blueberry fruit from petal fall through color break. During this time, gross photosynthesis of fruit decreased from 30.1 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1 to 4.8 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1, and dark respiration decreased from 14.3 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1 to 4.6 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1. After color break, the photosynthetic rate fell to zero, and the respiration rate increased to 8.0 μmol CO2·g fw-1·hr-1, before decreasing. Preliminary data suggest that fruit photosynthesis contributes 11% of the total carbon required (dry weight gain + respiratory loss) during fruit development however, it supplies 50% of the total carbon required during the first 5 days after petal fall. This contribution of carbon from fruit photosynthesis may be critical in initial fruit development since the current season's vegetative growth is not yet providing carbohydrates.

Effects of pCO2 on photosynthesis and respiration of tropical scleractinian corals and calcified algae

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1092-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Comeau ◽  
R. C. Carpenter ◽  
P. J. Edmunds
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on coral reefs have been studied thoroughly with a focus on the response of calcification of corals and calcified algae. However, there are still large gaps in our knowledge of the effects of OA on photosynthesis and respiration of these organisms. Comparisons among species and determination of the functional relationships between pCO2 and either photosynthesis or respiration are difficult using previously published data, because experimental conditions typically vary widely between studies. Here, we tested the response of net photosynthesis, gross photosynthesis, dark respiration, and light-enhanced dark respiration (LEDR) of eight coral taxa and seven calcified alga taxa to six different pCO2 levels (from 280 to 2000 µatm). Organisms were maintained during 7–10 days incubations in identical conditions of light, temperature, and pCO2 to facilitate comparisons among species. Net photosynthesis was not affected by pCO2 in seven of eight corals or any of the algae; gross photosynthesis did not respond to pCO2 in six coral taxa and six algal taxa; dark respiration also was unaffected by pCO2 in six coral and six algae; and LEDR did not respond to pCO2 in any of the tested species. Overall, our results show that pCO2 levels up to 2000 µatm likely will not fertilize photosynthesis or modify respiration rates of most of the main calcifiers on the back reef of Moorea, French Polynesia.

scholarly journals Short-term Temperature Change Affects the Carbon Exchange Characteristics and Growth of Four Bedding Plant Species

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Wide Range

Bedding plants are exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions, both during production and in the landscape. This research compared the effect of short-term temperature changes on the CO2 exchange rates of four popular bedding plants species. Net photosynthesis (Pnet) and dark respiration (Rdark) of geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bail.), marigold (Tagetes patula L.), pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana Gams.), and petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr.) were measured at temperatures ranging from 8 to 38 °C (for Pnet) and 6 to 36 °C (for Rdark). Net photosynthesis of all species was maximal at 14 to 15 °C, while Rdark of all four species increased exponentially with increasing temperature. Gross photosynthesis (Pgross) was estimated as the sum of Pnet and Rdark, and was greater for petunia than for the other three species. Gross photosynthesis was less sensitive to temperature than either Pnet or Rdark, suggesting that temperature effects on Pnet were caused mainly by increased respiration at higher temperatures. Gas exchange-temperature response curves were not useful in determining the heat tolerance of these species. There were significant differences among species in the estimated Rdark at 0 °C and the Q10 for Rdark. Differences in the Q10 for Rdark were related to growth rate and plant size. Large plants had a greater Q10 for Rdark, apparently because these plants had a higher ratio of maintenance to growth respiration than small plants. The Q10 of the maintenance respiration coefficient was estimated from the correlation between the Q10 and relative growth rate, and was found to be 2.5 to 2.6.

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