Physiological indicators of tolerance to cold storage in Sitka spruce and Douglas-fir seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. McKay ◽  
W. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Plant Vigour

Two-year-old transplants and undercuts of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco were cold-stored (1 °C) for 1 to 7 months ending in April 1989. Their physiological arid morphological condition at lifting and after storage was assessed and related to survival and height increment on a reafforestation site after one growing season. Physiological assessments made between October and April at lifting were root growth potential, tolerance of fine roots to chronic cold, shoot and root mitotic index, root elongation, and electrolyte leakage from the shoot and roots. Shoot cold hardiness was assessed between October and mid-December. The seasonal changes in these parameters and the effect of species and undercutting treatments are described. At lifting, root growth potential identified (i) differences due to species and undercutting treatments and (ii) the earliest possible safe lifting dates of P. menziesii but not of P. sitchensis. After cold storage, plant vigour was assessed by root growth potential and shoot and root membrane integrity. Membrane integrity of the fine roots was a very good indicator of survival. There was a highly significant, negative correlation between the rate of electrolyte leakage, indicating membrane damage, and survival (p ≤ 0.001, r = −0.90).

Electrolyte leakage from fine roots of conifer seedlings: a rapid index of plant vitality following cold storage

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Plant Vitality

Two-year-old Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Cam), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and Japanese larch (Larixleptolepis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Gord.) were cold-stored at 1 °C for 1 to 6 months. In April at the end of the cold storage period, root growth potential and electrolyte leakage from the fine roots were assessed and related to plant survival and height growth. After cold storage, seedlings were planted on a second-rotation, cultivated site. In two experiments planted in 1989 and 1990, fine-root electrolyte leakage was closely correlated with survival and height growth. Fine-root leakage has also practical advantages over other available methods of assessing plant vitality after cold storage.

Carbohydrate reserves and root growth potential in Douglas-fir seedlings before and after cold storage

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Before And After

Carbohydrate reserves and root growth potential (RGP) of 2 + 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were monitored through a lifting season and during dark, cold storage. Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrate and extractable sugars in root and stem tissues remained relatively constant through winter, while foliar sugars showed a sharp midwinter peak at about 195 mg•g−1 dry weight. RGP was lowest in November and March and peaked in January. During storage at +2 and −1 °C, carbohydrates were depleted in all tissues through respiratory consumption. In contrast, RGP increased during the first 6 months in storage and then fell rapidly. The results do not support the view that changes in RGP are driven by changes in carbohydrate concentrations. Storage may affect frost hardiness and drought resistance through its effect on sugar concentrations.

Relationships among cold hardiness, root growth potential and bud dormancy in three conifers

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Burr ◽  
R. W. Tinus ◽  
S. J. Wallner ◽  
R. M. King
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Root Growth Potential

The gravitational forces generated by dropping plants and the response of Sitka spruce seedlings to dropping

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2443-2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. McKay ◽  
B.A. Gardiner ◽  
W.L. Mason ◽  
D.G. Nelson ◽  
M.K. Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Reduction Activity

Two-year-old Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedlings were lifted from the nursery at different times of the year and subjected to known forces by dropping bags of plants from a height of 10, 100, or 300 cm onto a concrete floor for a varying number of times (0 to 135). The response of the seedlings to dropping was assessed by their growth and survival in field experiments, root growth potential, root electrolyte leakage, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction. The forces were measured by attaching an accelerometer linked to an oscilloscope to the root collar of trees in the centre of each bag. Typically the forces generated by a 10-cm drop were about 11 g, while those generated by a 300-cm drop were about 140 g. All seedlings lifted in mid-February and mid-March survived one growing season in a cultivated, weed-free nursery soil, but height growth was significantly reduced by 300-cm drops. The survival of seedlings lifted in August was reduced by 5 and 15 drops particularly from 300 cm. Root growth potential was decreased while electrolyte leakage and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction activity of the fine roots 2 days after dropping were increased by dropping. Growth and physiological differences associated with dropping were more closely and frequently correlated with the maximum force exerted than to the mean or the total force.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Storage and Pre-transplant Desiccation on Root Growth Potential and Bud Break of Bare-root Washington Hawthorn and Norway Maple

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Rick M. Bates ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Two-year-old Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Med.) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seedlings were subjected to varying cold storage durations and 4 storage treatments: whole plant covered, shoots exposed, roots exposed and whole plant exposed. After storage, half the seedlings were immediately planted and half received a 12-hr desiccation treatment prior to transplanting. Root growth potential (RGP), time to bud break, and marketability were measured. With the root covered treatments, Norway maple RGP increased, while Washington hawthorn RGP decreased with increased cold storage duration. RGP for both species remained low throughout storage for treatments exposing roots. The 12-hr desiccation treatment reduced RGP for both species with hawthorn being more affected than maple. Days to bud break for both species decreased with increased storage time for whole plant covered treatments, but increased for both species when stored with exposed roots. Maple marketability for root covered treatments was high for most storage durations. Hawthorn marketability was generally low except for the whole plant covered treatment during the first 6 weeks of storage. For the respective storage durations, hawthorn RGP, time to bud break and marketability values for the shoots exposed treatment were similar to the roots exposed treatments. In contrast, values for the shoot exposed treatment were similar to the whole plant covered treatment for maple. There was a high positive correlation between RGP and marketability for both species.

Influence of nursery culture on growth, cold hardiness, and drought resistance of yellow cypress

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2537-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Arnott ◽  
S.C. Grossnickle ◽  
P. Puttonen ◽  
A.K. Mitchell ◽  
R.S. Folk
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Short Day

The influence of short-day (9 h) and long-day photoperiods (18 h), and three levels of plant moisture stress (none and dried to predawn shoot water potentials of −1.0 or −1.8 MPa), applied for 7 weeks beginning in mid-July 1990, were studied on greenhouse-grown stecklings (rooted cuttings) of yellow cypress (Chamaecyparisnootkatensis (D. Don) Spach). A series of morphological and physiological measurements were made on the stecklings during and after the treatment period. Moisture stress significantly reduced steckling shoot growth and shoot dry weight by lowering net photosynthesis rates, while short-day photoperiods did not. The most pronounced growth reductions occurred when the treatments were combined, but effects were short-lived, with shoot growth resuming soon after the treatments ended. The short-day and moisture-stress treatment had no significant effect on root dry weight, shoot/root ratio, or water balance ratio. The risk of using moisture stress to control shoot growth in the nursery was low; mortality did not occur until the stecklings had been without water for at least 9 days. Moisture-stress treatments increased steckling root growth potential but had little effect on osmotic adjustment, cell elasticity, dry weight or symplastic fractions, cuticular transpiration, resistance to plant water movement, and relative water content of the shoots; short-day treatments had no influence on any of these parameters. Short days and moisture stress, singly or combined, had little effect on steckling cold hardiness. Steckling gas exchange rates were reduced significantly by low root temperature. In a 6-week controlled-environment simulation of planting-site moisture conditions, no significant differences in steckling net photosynthesis, transpiration, or stomatal conductance were found among nursery treatments; those that had been subjected to moisture stress in the nursery had small growth increases after planting in both wet and dry soil moisture regimes. We conclude that shoot growth of yellow cypress stecklings was controlled in the nursery using 9-h photoperiods and −1.8 MPa predawn shoot water potentials. Improved cold hardiness of the stecklings was not achieved using these nursery cultural methods, but moisture stress did confer some measure of drought resistance immediately after treatment, with higher root growth potential and lower shoot mass.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Storage and Pretransplant Desiccation on Root Growth Potential and Budbreak of Washington Hawthorn and Norway Maple

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 661b-661
Author(s):  
Rick M. Bates ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Two-year-old Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Med.) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seedlings were subjected to varying cold storage durations and four storage treatments: whole plant covered in polyethylene bags, shoots exposed, roots exposed, and whole plant exposed. After storage, half the seedlings were immediately plant and half received a 12-hour desiccation treatment before transplanting. Root growth potential (RGP), time to budbreak, and marketability were measured. With the root covered treatments, Norway maple RGP increased while Washington hawthorn RGP decreased with increased cold storage duration. RGP for both species remained low throughout storage for treatments exposing roots. The 12-hour desiccation treatment reduced RGP for both species with hawthorn being more affected than maple. Days to budbreak for both species decreased with increased storage time for whole plant covered treatments but increased for both species when stored with exposed roots. Maple marketability for root covered treatments was high for most storage durations. Hawthorn marketability was generally low except for the whole plant covered treatment during the first 6 weeks of storage. For the respective storage durations, hawthorn RGP, time to budbreak and marketability values for the shoots exposed treatment were similar to the root exposed treatments. In contrast, values for the shoots exposed treatment were similar to the whole plant covered treatment for maple. There was a high positive correlation between RGP and marketability for both species.

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