Nutrient leaching from Acerrubrum leaves by experimental acid rainfall

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Potter
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory ◽  
Acid Rainfall

Freshly collected Acerrubrum L. leaves from a regenerating forest stand at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, were washed with experimental acid rainfall (pH 4.6). Nutrient leaching rates from undamaged leaves were significant for SO42−, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, whereas NO3−-N was absorbed from rainfall. Significantly greater leaching of SO42−, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, and significantly greater absorption of NO3−-N and NH4+-N, occurred in artificially damaged leaves than in undamaged leaves. Comparisons between leaching transfers and foliar nutrient pools showed that base cation (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) leaching losses account for up to 25% of foliar pools, whereas absorption of NO3−-N and NH4+-N from precipitation can increase total foliar N by almost 2%. Projected growing season cation leaching losses (expressed as a percentage of foliar pools) from damaged leaves were in agreement with previously reported whole-canopy leaching fluxes based on analysis of throughfall at the field site. These results suggest that nutrient leaching losses from young, rapidly growing tree leaves are lower than previously published leaching fluxes for more mature forest stands.

scholarly journals Herbicide weed control increases nutrient leaching as compared to mechanical weeding in a large-scale oil palm plantation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Formaglio ◽  
Edzo Veldkamp ◽  
Xiaohong Duan ◽  
Aiyen Tjoa ◽  
Marife D. Corre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Abstract. Nutrient leaching in intensively managed oil palm plantations can diminish soil fertility and water quality. There is a need to reduce this environmental footprint without sacrificing yield. We quantified nutrient leaching in a large-scale oil palm plantation on Acrisol soil with factorial treatment combinations of two fertilization rates (260 N, 50 P, 220 K kg ha−1 yr−1 as conventional practice, and 136 N, 17 P, 187 K kg ha−1 yr−1, equal to harvest export, as reduced management) and two weeding methods (conventional herbicide, and mechanical weeding as reduced management). Each of the four treatment combinations was represented by a 2500 m2 plot, replicated in four blocks. In each plot, soil-pore water was collected monthly at 1.5 m depth for one year in three management zones: palm circle, inter-row, and frond-stacked area. In the palm circle, nutrient leaching was low due to low solute concentrations and small drainage fluxes, resulting from large plant uptake. Conversely, in the inter-row, nitrate and aluminum leaching losses were high due to their high concentrations, large drainage fluxes, low plant uptake, and acidic pH. In the frond-stacked area, base cation leaching was high, presumably from frond litter decomposition, but N leaching was low. Mechanical weeding, even with conventional high fertilization rates, reduced leaching losses of all nutrients. Mechanical weeding with reduced fertilization had the lowest N and base cation leaching whereas its yield and economic gross margin remain comparable with the conventional management practices. Herbicide weed control decreased ground vegetation, and thereby reduced efficiency of soil nutrient retention. Our findings signified that mechanical weeding and reduced fertilization should be included in the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture program for precision farming (e.g. variable rates with plantation age), particularly for large-scale plantations, and in the science-based policy recommendations, such as those endorsed by the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil association.

scholarly journals Long-term temperature and precipitation trends at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie H. Laseter ◽  
Chelcy R. Ford ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
Lloyd W. Swift
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory

Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, located in western North Carolina, USA, is a 2,185 ha basin wherein forest climate monitoring and watershed experimentation began in the early 1930s. An extensive climate and hydrologic network has facilitated research for over 75 years. Our objectives in this paper were to describe the monitoring network, present long-term air temperature and precipitation data, and analyze the temporal variation in the long-term temperature and precipitation record. We found that over the period of record: (1) air temperatures have been increasing significantly since the late 1970s, (2) drought severity and frequency have increased with time, and (3) the precipitation distribution has become more extreme over time. We discuss the implications of these trends within the context of regional and global climate change and forest health.

Diagnosis, treatment and post-release monitoring of an eastern black rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) with ophidiomycosis and traumatic injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e000954
Author(s):  
Jacob Veilleux ◽  
Daniel Steven Dombrowski ◽  
Matthew C Allender ◽  
Gregory Lewbart
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Rat Snake ◽  
Snake Fungal Disease

Ophidiomycosis, historically known as snake fungal disease, is caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola and has been reported in over 30 species of snakes. In July 2015, an adult female eastern black rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) was found at Prairie Ridge EcoStation, a North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (NCMNS) field site in Raleigh, NC, with traumatic lesions consistent with injuries caused by landscaping equipment. The snake was brought to NCMNS Veterinary Services and tested positive via dermal swabs for O ophiodiicola on quantitative PCR (qPCR). The snake was treated with terbinafine (Terbinafine, 250 mg; InvaGen Pharmaceuticals, Hauppauge, NY, USA) nebulised at 2 mg/ml for 30 min every 24 hours for 30 days, and tested negative on further swabs for O ophiodiicola on qPCR before release. From April 2016 to November 2018, the snake was tracked via radio telemetry with physical examinations, bloodwork and qPCR swabs conducted multiple times a year.

scholarly journals Nutrients Leaching in Response to Long-Term Fertigation and Broadcast Nitrogen in Blueberry Production

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Aimé J. Messiga ◽  
Kathryn Dyck ◽  
Kiera Ronda ◽  
Kolden van Baar ◽  
Dennis Haak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Nutrient leaching losses from horticultural production threaten the quality of groundwater and freshwater systems worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the effects of annual applications of ammonium sulfate fertilizer through fertigation (FERT) and broadcast (BROAD) on nutrient leaching losses and (b) determine the links among chemical property changes in leachates and soil with berry yields after 9 and 11 years of blueberry production. The long-term blueberry site was established in 2008 using seven combinations of treatments including an unfertilized control (CONT) and three N fertilizer rates (100%, 150%, 200% of recommended rates) using BROAD and FERT methods. Nutrients concentrations (NO3−-N, NH4+-N and SO42−-S) and chemical properties (pH and electrical conductivity (EC)) of leachate, sawdust and soil and berries were assessed. All FERT methods resulted in concentrations of NO3−-N in the leachates > 100 mg L−1 with a maximum of 200 mg L−1 for FERT-200 during the growing season due to the easy transport of dissolved nutrients with the irrigation water. All BROAD methods resulted into concentrations of NO3−-N in the leachates >10 mg L−1 with a maximum of 35 mg L−1 for BROAD-200 between April and July, as well as between November and April, indicating two periods of NO3−-N leaching losses. The pattern observed with BROAD indicates that irrigation water in the summer and heavy rainfall in the winter contribute to NO3−-N leaching losses. Concentrations of NH4+-N in the leachates >1 mg L−1 were measured under FERT with a peak at 64.78 mg L−1 for FERT-200, during the period April to August, due to NH4+’s ability to quickly move through the sawdust layer with irrigation water. Principal component analysis linked berry yield decrease with ammonium sulfate applications above recommended rates (FERT and BROAD) and with changes in soil pH and EC. Our results demonstrated that excess fertilizer applications above recommended rates using FERT and BROAD can threaten the sustainability of blueberry production by enhancing nutrient leaching losses and reducing berry yield.

scholarly journals Reduction of Nutrient Leaching Losses by using a Catch Crop during a Fallow Period following Eggplant Production in a Greenhouse

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. III_103-III_111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morihiro MAEDA ◽  
Yasuhiro NAKASONE ◽  
Takashi OKAMOTO ◽  
Yuichi ASANO ◽  
Taku FUJIWARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Fallow Period

scholarly journals CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment increases nutrient leaching from model forest ecosystems in subtropical China

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2679-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. X. Liu ◽  
D. Q. Zhang ◽  
G. Y. Zhou ◽  
B. Faivre-Vuillin ◽  
Q. Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
High Co2

Abstract. The effect of high atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the dynamics of mineral nutrient is not well documented, especially for subtropical China. We used model forest ecosystems in open-top chambers to study the effects of CO2 enrichment alone and together with N addition on the dynamics of soil cations and anions. Two years of exposure to a 700 ppm CO2 atmospheric concentration resulted in increased annual nutrient losses by leaching below 70 cm soil profile. Compared to the control, net Mg2+ losses increased by 385%, K+ by 223%, Ca2+ by 167% and N-NO3- by 108%, respectively. Increased losses following exposure to elevated CO2 were related to both faster soil weathering/organic matter decomposition and greater amounts of water leaching during high rainfall as a consequence of higher soil moisture. Net annual nutrient losses in the high CO2 concentration chambers reached 22.2 kg ha−1 year−1 for K+, 171.3 kg ha−1 year−1 for Ca2+, 8.2 kg ha−1 year−1 for Mg2+ and about 2 kg ha−1 year−1 for N-NO3-. The N addition alone had no significant effect on the mineral nutrient leaching losses. However, addition of N together with the high CO2 treatment significantly reduced mineral nutrient losses. We hypothesize that forests in subtropical China might suffer nutrient limitation and reduction in plant biomass under elevated CO2 concentration due to mineral leaching losses in the future.

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