Variation in field response of Pinussylvestris to nursery inoculation with four different ectomycorrhizal fungi

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1796-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elna Stenström ◽  
Mats Ek ◽  
Torgny Unestam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Pinussylvestris L. seedlings were inoculated in nursery containers with the assertive mycorrhizal formers Laccarialaccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Bk. & Br., Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull, ex Fr.) Quélet, and Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. After outplanting, seedling size and the frequency of mycorrhizal root tips were monitored over 6 years. Between 25 and 90% of the root tips of inoculated seedlings were mycorrhizal with the target fungi at outplanting, whereas the noninoculated control seedlings were spontaneously colonized by other fungi at rates between 25 and 50%. After 1.5 years the inoculated fungi were still present on the roots; however, they were slowly being replaced by indigenous forest species. In the nursery, most of the inoculations resulted in reduced seedling growth. This inhibition of growth rate was pronounced up to 1.5 years in the field, except for seedlings inoculated with C. geophilum. By this time, L. laccata and H. crustuliniforme inoculated seedlings were about 40 to 50% smaller in volume than the control seedlings, and the relative difference in size was maintained or slightly decreased during the following 4 years. The noninoculated nursery production seedlings were about 50% larger in volume than the corresponding control seedlings at outplanting. In the field, however, they grew relatively slower and consequently, were soon similar in volume to the control seedlings.

Collection Age and Seed Mass Influence Germination and Seedling Growth in Midwestern White Spruce Accessions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Unites States

Abstract Stored tree seed collections are essential resources for seedling production and conserving unique germplasm. As stored seeds age, however, seed viability and seedling vigor can decline. This study tests how age and seed mass correspond to germination dynamics and seedling vigor in four white spruce collections from the upper midwestern Unites States. Using two seedling growth experiments, this study demonstrates that white spruce seeds stored for >30 years have low seed viability and slower seedling growth rates compared with seeds from more recent (≤10 years) white spruce collections. Seed mass also predicted seedling growth rate regardless of collection age, suggesting larger seeds from older collections generate faster growing seedlings. Study Implications: Efficient use of stored tree seeds saves nursery managers time and resources. White spruce is a collection priority, but management needs to know how seed viability and seedling vigor decline during storage. Diminished germination and seedling growth after >30 years in storage suggests older collections are most appropriate for germplasm conservation and underscore the importance of testing stored seed prior to nursery production. For collections stored <10 years, larger seeds germinate more readily than smaller seeds and produce faster growing seedlings. For older collections, seed mass does not correspond with germination, but seedling growth rate positively correlated with seed mass.

STUDIES ON THE CYTOGENETIC AND GENETIC EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE ON BARLEY.: I. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM FLUORIDE AND HYDROFLUORIC ACID ON SEEDLING ROOT TIPS

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Bale ◽  
G. E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Binucleate Cells ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth

The effects of sodium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid on barley were determined and compared following treatments of seedling root tips at three different concentrations (1 × 10−2M, 1 × 10−4M, 1 × 10−6M) and for six different durations (12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hr). Treatment with a 1 × 10−2M concentration of either sodium fluoride or hydrofluoric acid markedly slowed the rate of seedling growth. However, no inhibition of growth was observed following treatment with a 1 × −4M or a 1 × 10−6M concentration of either agent. Chromosomal aberrations were induced and mitosis was inhibited by each of the three different concentrations of both sodium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid. The sodium fluoride treatments induced a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations than did the hydrofluoric acid treatments, possibly due to differences in pH and in the total available fluoride ions. These treatments produced bridges, fragments, chromosome gaps, binucleate cells and micronuclei.

Field growth of Pinussylvestris following nursery inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elna Stenström ◽  
Mats Ek
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
Colonization Rates

Growth of Pinussylvestris L. seedlings inoculated with a number of forest mycorrhizal fungi (Amanitamuscaria (L. ex Fr.) Hooker, Lactariusrufus (Scop.) Fr., Suillusvariegatus (Swartz ex Fr.) O. Kuntze, Tricholomaalbobrunneum (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer, and an unknown mycorrhizal fungus) in the nursery was studied for 3 years after field planting. At outplanting, 10–40% of the root tips were mycorrhizal, consisting of both the inoculated fungi and an indigenous nursery mycorrhiza, Thelephoraterrestris (Ehrh.) Fr. In the field the target fungi were replaced by several indigenous forest mycorrhizal fungi, which also rapidly colonized the remaining uncolonized root system. At outplanting, some of the inoculated seedlings were substantially smaller than the uninoculated seedlings. However, after 2.5 years seedlings in some of the treatments were up to 50% larger in volume than control seedlings. Even at low initial mycorrhizal colonization rates some mycorrhizal species stimulated seedling growth. The most noticeable response occurred in seedlings inoculated with A. muscaria; although they were about 50% smaller than the control seedlings at outplanting, they grew so rapidly that 18 months later they were about 20% larger than the controls. This observation contradicts previous reports on the importance of seedling size at outplanting. Possible explanations for the observed effects are discussed.

Recovery of ectomycorrhizal fungi after exposure to subfreezing temperatures

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (17) ◽  
pp. 1845-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. France ◽  
M. L. Cline ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Growth Recovery ◽  
Recovery Times

Seventy-three isolates of eighteen ectomycorrhizal fungi were examined for their growth recovery after a 48-h exposure to −10 °C. Survival of all isolates was 97%. Recovery time to active growth varied between species and within species. Of surviving isolates, 72% initiated growth in less than 2 weeks after thawing. Growth rate was not affected for isolates exhibiting rapid recovery but was significantly lowered for isolates with recovery times of more than 5 weeks. Variation in growth form occurred with some species of Suillus and Xerocomus.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK AKAR BEREKTOMIKORIZA PADA Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii DAN Gnetum gnemon

PERENNIAL ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽  
Cecep Kusmana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Clamp Connection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

Morphology and anatomy characteristics often used to identify ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used three Scleroderma spp. (Scleroderma columnare, S. dictyosporum), and S. sinnamariense) and inoculated to Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii, and Gnetum gnemon. After 6,8, and 10 months, each root tips were collected to determined hyphae colour, branching pattern, clamp-connection, hartig net and mantle. This result revealed that S. sinnamariense did not form association with S. pinanga and P. merkusii but form association with G. gnemon. On the other hand, S. columnare and S. dictyosporum could form association with all the host plants. S. columnare and S. dictyosporum formed white hyphae while S. sinnamariense formed yellow hyphae with monopodial branching pattern. The depth of hartig net and mantle was increased by timed. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, hartig net, mantle, Scleroderma

Physiological trade-offs associated with methyl jasmonate - induced resistance in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Gould ◽  
Tony Reglinski ◽  
Mike Spiers ◽  
Joe T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can induce defence responses in plants to pathogen attack, but it can also have consequences for plant growth. The transient effects of exogenous MeJA treatment on the resistance of Monterey pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) seedlings to Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx. and some physiological parameters affecting the impact of treatment on seedling growth were investigated. Following foliar application of 4.5 mmol·L–1 MeJA, disease resistance was greatest 1–2 weeks after treatment and declined with time thereafter. Elevated disease resistance was accompanied by a reduction in seedling growth rate the second week following MeJA treatment. Thereafter, seedling growth rate recovered and exceeded that of the control seedlings 4–5 weeks after MeJA treatment. Within hours of MeJA treatment, reductions in both the capacity of photosystem II and transpiration rate were observed, resulting in a concomitant reduction in net CO2 uptake rate. The slight reduction in transpiration rate was also associated with an increase in needle water potential. Longer term measurements showed no effect of MeJA on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, or shoot water potential and thus could not account for the elevated growth rate observed 4–5 weeks after treatment.

scholarly journals Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Dreischhoff ◽  
Ishani S. Das ◽  
Mareike Jakobi ◽  
Karl Kasper ◽  
Andrea Polle
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Extramatrical Mycelium

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest tree genera. EMF ensheath the root tips and produce an extensive extramatrical mycelium for nutrient uptake from the soil. In contrast to other mycorrhizal fungal symbioses, EMF do not invade plant cells but form an interface for nutrient exchange adjacent to the cortex cells. The interaction of roots and EMF affects host stress resistance but uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms is an emerging topic. Here, we focused on local and systemic effects of EMF modulating defenses against insects or pathogens in aboveground tissues in comparison with arbuscular mycorrhizal induced systemic resistance. Molecular studies indicate a role of chitin in defense activation by EMF in local tissues and an immune response that is induced by yet unknown signals in aboveground tissues. Volatile organic compounds may be involved in long-distance communication between below- and aboveground tissues, in addition to metabolite signals in the xylem or phloem. In leaves of EMF-colonized plants, jasmonate signaling is involved in transcriptional re-wiring, leading to metabolic shifts in the secondary and nitrogen-based defense metabolism but cross talk with salicylate-related signaling is likely. Ectomycorrhizal-induced plant immunity shares commonalities with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. We highlight novel developments and provide a guide to future research directions in EMF-induced resistance.

Die Wirkung eines homogenen Magnetfeldes auf das Wachstum von Micrococcus denitrificans / The Influence of Homogeneous Magnetic Fields on the Growth of Micrococcus denitrificans

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1020-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Thiemann ◽  
Erich Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Significant Acceleration ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The influence of strong homogeneous magnetic fields in the range of 5000 to 8000 Gauss on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Micrococcus denitrificans was studied. In the case of yeast growing under nearly anaerobic conditions an inhibition of growth rate was observed in the beginning of incubaton while some hours later the growth accelerated and surpassed the control. M. denitrificans on the other hand grew with the same rate as the controls during the first 2 - 3 hours of experiment; thereafter the magnetic field resulted in a significant acceleration of growth rate measured by a 5.8 to 13.3% increase of oxygen consumption after 5 - 6 hours run of experiment. Until now only inhibition of bacterial growths by magnetic fields is reported elsewhere in the literature.

Interference of bull thistle (Cirsiumvulgare) with growth of ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa) seedlings in a forest plantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Randall ◽  
Marcel Rejmánek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The biennial thistle Cirsiumvulgare (Savi) Tenore significantly reduced ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedling growth during the second year of infestation but had insignificant effects in the first year when all thistles were in the rosette stage. Pine stem diameter relative growth rate was significantly negatively correlated with four different indices of thistle interference and with visual estimates of thistle cover. Total thistle density (adults + rosettes) within 2.0 m of target seedlings best explained differences in stem relative growth rate, but density of adults alone and visual estimates of thistle cover were nearly as good. Simple regressions indicated that soil moisture and pine predawn leaf water potential were significantly negatively correlated with thistle density and significantly positively correlated with stem relative growth rate, but multiple regressions and path analyses indicated that their effects on seedling growth were negligible relative to the other (unexplained) effects of thistle density. Foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations were not significantly correlated with thistle density and failed to explain differences in seedling growth. Although it remains unclear how thistles suppressed pine seedling growth, if these results hold true at other sites, plantation managers will have at their disposal relatively easy methods for assessing thistle interference.

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