Recapture of marked spruce bark beetles (Ipstypographus) in pheromone traps using area-wide mass trapping

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1786-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Weslien ◽  
Åke Lindelöw
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spring Emergence

Mark–release–recapture experiments were performed with Ipstypographus (L.) populations to estimate recapture rates (number recaptured/number released) in pheromone traps. The recapture rate of bark beetles marked during spring emergence during 2 consecutive years was about 8% in trap groups set 100 m from release sites and decreased to about 2% in trap groups set 1200–1600 m away. The rate at which recapture declined with distance was slower than predicted by a model in which the decrease in recapture depends only on the dilution of released beetles. Sixty percent of the variation in recapture rates was explained by the distance between release and recapture points. The relationship between distance and rate of recapture was used to estimate the rate at which regional beetle populations may be captured using area-wide mass trapping.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Calamity Logging on the Development of Spruce Wood Prices in Czech Forestry

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Toth ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
Kamil Maitah ◽  
Veronika Jarolínová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Currently, the decline in spruce wood prices is a serious problem for the forestry sector in the Czech Republic. We estimate that the fall in wood prices in European markets causes losses not only to the forestry companies producing, harvesting, and processing the wood, but also to the workers in the sector. These losses are mainly caused by a combination of several natural factors: drought, climate change, and the effects of bark beetles. In particular, spruce bark beetles cause the greatest damage. Due to this bark beetle calamity, unplanned logging has increased. In 2019, these damages have culminated. Almost 100 million m3 of wood has been harvested over the last decade due to the bark beetle and more than half of this volume has been mined in the last four years. Therefore, the losses in the forestry sector are around EUR 1.12 billion. The aim of this study is an analysis of the relationship between the volume of incidental logging and the decline in the price of spruce wood. These results show the strong correlation between the measure of unplanned wood harvesting and the decrease in wood prices, as well as an estimate of price development if the upward trend of incidental mining continues. The average price of wood in the Czech Republic could thus reach a historical minimum of EUR 79.39 per m3 of spruce and category SM/JE II (spruce/fir). In addition, the decline in wood prices will be reflected in the management of forestry and timber businesses, including stagnant wages for forestry workers. The socio-economic impact of the bark beetle calamity is high and is most affected by the decline in spruce timber prices.

Comparison of pathogens infection level in Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) beetles sampled in pheromone traps and at place of overwintering

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Lukášová ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Spruce Bark

AbstractThe importance of pathogens in the population dynamics of Ips typographus remains a subject of ongoing debate. The main objective of our experiment was to compare the pathogen infection levels of individuals overwintering in bark with the levels of individuals from the same population captured with pheromone traps and thereby to determine primary answers as to whether it can be confirmed that pathogenic organisms affect the flight ability of bark beetles or their ability to leave their places of overwintering. A total of 402 I. typographus individuals were analyzed at a study location under limited management. Three pathogens were confirmed to be present: the gregarine Gregarina typographi, the virus ItEPV, and the microsporidium Nosema typographi. Infection levels of Gregarina typographi and ItEPV were the same in beetles collected at places of overwintering and in those beetles collected in pheromone traps within the immediate vicinity. As these pathogens infect the host’s intestine, the tendency to leave the places of overwintering is apparently not diminished. A similar analysis and comparison of pathogens located in the fat body might bring different results, as our study only detected N. typographi in a single dissected adult spruce bark beetle.

scholarly journals Attempt to Identify Sex Hormones in the Bodies of Selected Norway Spruce Bark Beetles

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kacprzyk ◽  
Bartłomiej Bednarz ◽  
Maciej Choczyński
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Steroid Compound ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Males And Females

A gas chromatography technique was applied to the adults of Ips typograhus (L.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) collected from pheromone traps placed in Norway spruce stands in southern Poland in distinguished population swarming periods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of steroid compound differences between insect sexes. Ten not yet identified for bark beetle compounds from the group of sterols, including cholestenone, 4,6-cholestadiene-3-one, choles-4-en-3,6-dione and 17β-Hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one benzoate, which can potentially act as gender hormones were detected. The presence of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the bodies of the studied bark beetles was confirmed. However, slight differences in the content of ecdysteroids in the bodies of males and females may be only the remains of the insect’s metamorphosis. Due to the small differences in the extracted compounds between the females and males, their variability in concentrations during the swarming period seems to be useless as a basis for sex determination.

Migration in spruce bark beetles (Ips typographisL.) and the efficiency of pheromone traps

1997 ◽  
Vol 121 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Duelli ◽  
P. Zahradnik ◽  
M. Knizek ◽  
B. Kalinova
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Spruce Bark

scholarly journals Foretičtí roztoči lýkožrouta smrkového Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) z oblasti recentní gradace ve střední Evropě / Phoretic mites (Mesostigmata) on double-spined spruce bark beetle Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in recent oubreak area in the central Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Čejka ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Ips Duplicatus ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Abstract Phoretic mites can be predators of eggs and larvae of bark beetles. Phoretic mites associated with Ips duplicatus have not been systematically studied so far. Therefore, we studied the spectrum and abundance of phoretic mites associated with this species in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. Beetles were sampled with pheromone traps. In total, 500 beettle individuals were captured. From their bodies and the sediment of collecting bottles, 292 mite individuals were collected, and three species of phoretic mites (Mesostigmata) were identified. The most numerous species was Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus. This mite species as well as the other identified species Uroobovella ipidis were not known as phoretic on I. duplicatus before. The second most numerous species was Trichouropoda polytricha known from galleries of I. duplicatus. Total abundance and the number of phoretic mites per beetle as well as the species spectrum significantly differed between localities. The values of abundance and species spectrum were similar to I. typographus

scholarly journals Drivers of Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) Infestations on Downed Trees after Severe Windthrow

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Branislav Hroššo ◽  
Pavel Mezei ◽  
Mária Potterf ◽  
Andrej Majdák ◽  
Miroslav Blaženec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Spruce Bark

Research Highlights: Bark beetles are important agents of disturbance regimes in temperate forests, and specifically in a connected wind-bark beetle disturbance system. Large-scale windthrows trigger population growth of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) from endemic to epidemic levels, thereby allowing the killing of Norway spruce trees over several consecutive years. Background and Objectives: There is a lack of evidence to differentiate how outbreaks are promoted by the effects of environmental variables versus beetle preferences of trees from endemic to outbreak. However, little is known about how individual downed-tree characteristics and local conditions such as tree orientation and solar radiation affect beetle colonization of downed trees. Materials and Methods: To answer this question, we investigated the infestation rates and determined tree death categories (uprooted, broken, and stump) in wind-damaged areas in Western Tatra Mts. in Carpathians (Slovakia) from 2014–2016, following a windthrow in May 2014. In total, we investigated 225 trees over eight transects. For every tree, we measured its morphological (tree height, crown characteristics), environmental (solar radiation, terrain conditions, trunk zenith), temporal (time since wind damage), and beetle infestation (presence, location of attack, bark desiccation) parameters. We applied Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) to unravel the main drivers of I. typographus infestations. Results: Over the first year, beetles preferred to attack broken trees and sun-exposed trunk sides over uprooted trees; the infestation on shaded sides started in the second year along with the infestation of uprooted trees with lower desiccation rates. We found that time since wind damage, stem length, and incident solar radiation increased the probability of beetle infestation, although both solar radiation and trunk zenith exhibited nonlinear variability. Our novel variable trunk zenith appeared to be an important predictor of bark beetle infestation probability. We conclude that trunk zenith as a simple measure defining the position of downed trees over the terrain can anticipate beetle infestation. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to understanding of the bark beetle’s preferences to colonize windthrown trees in the initial years after the primary wind damage. Further, our findings can help to identify trees that are most susceptible to beetle infestation and to prioritize management actions to control beetle population while maintaining biodiversity.

INFESTATION OF CERATOCYSTIS WAGENERI-INFECTED PONDEROSA PINES BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Goheen ◽  
F. W. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Periodic Examination ◽  
Apparently Healthy

AbstractThe relationship between bark beetle infestation of ponderosa pine and severity of infection by Ceratocystis wageneri was investigated by closely monitoring 256 trees (136 apparently healthy, 60 moderately diseased, and 60 severely diseased at initiation of study) for beetle infestation from summer 1972 to fall 1975. Disease ratings were updated by periodic examination, and some trees changed disease category during the study. Ninety trees were infested by Dendroctonus brevicomis, D. ponderosae, or both, five by buprestids alone, and one tree died from effects of the pathogen alone. Sixty-two of the beetle-infested trees were severely diseased at time of infestation, 25 were moderately diseased, and only three were apparently healthy. Thus, the results showed that bark beetles were much more likely to infest infected than healthy trees. Among diseased trees, those with advanced infections were most likely to be infested. There was evidence that buprestids (especially Melanophila spp.) and possibly Ips spp. attacked diseased trees prior to Dendroctonus spp. infestation.

Impacts of European spruce bark beetle infestations on Norway spruce BVOC emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Jaakkola ◽  
Anna Maria Jönsson ◽  
Per-Ola Olsson ◽  
Maj-Lena Linderson ◽  
Thomas Holst
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Healthy Tree ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark

<p>Tree killing by spruce bark beetles (<em>Ips typographus</em>) is one of the main disturbances to Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) forests in Europe and the risk of outbreaks is amplified by climate change with effects such as increased risk of storm felling, tree drought stress and an additional generation of spruce bark beetles per year<sup>[1]</sup>. The warm and dry summer of 2018 triggered large outbreaks in Sweden, the increased outbreaks are still ongoing and affected about 8 million m<sup>3</sup> forest in 2020<sup>[2]</sup>. This is the so far highest record of trees killed by the spruce bark beetle in a single year in Sweden<sup>[2]</sup>. In 1990-2010, the spruce bark beetle killed on average 150 000 m<sup>3</sup> forest per year in southern Sweden<sup>[3]</sup>. Bark beetles normally seek and attack Norway spruces with lowered defense, i.e. trees that are wind-felled or experience prolonged drought stress<sup>[4]</sup>. However, as the number of bark beetle outbreaks increase, the risk of attacks on healthy trees also increase<sup>[5]</sup>. This causes a higher threat to forest industry, and lowers the possibilities to mitigate climate change in terms of potential decreases in carbon uptake if the forests die<sup>[4,5]</sup>. Norway spruce trees normally defend themselves by drenching the beetles in resin<sup>[6]</sup>. The resin in turn contains different biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which can vary if the spruce is attacked by bark beetles or not<sup> [4,6]</sup>. The most abundant group of terpenoids (isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), is most commonly emitted from conifers, such as Norway spruce<sup>[7,8]</sup>. The aim of this study was to enable a better understanding of the direct defense mechanisms of spruce trees by quantifying BVOC emissions and its composition from individual trees under attack</p><p>To analyze the bark beetles’ impact on Norway spruce trees a method was developed using tree trunk chambers and adsorbent tubes. This enables direct measurements of the production of BVOCs from individual trees. Three different sites in Sweden, with different environmental conditions were used for the study and samples were collected throughout the growing season of 2019. After sampling, the tubes were analyzed in a lab using automated thermal desorption coupled to a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer to identify BVOC species and their quantity.</p><p>The preliminary results show a strong increase in BVOC emissions from a healthy tree that became infested during the data collection. The finalized results expect to enable better understanding of how spruce trees are affected by insect stress from bark beetles, and if bark beetle infestation will potentially result in increased carbon emission in the form of BVOCs.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] Jönsson et al. (2012). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 166: 188–200<br>[2] Skogsstyrelsen, (2020). https://via.tt.se/pressmeddelande/miljontals-granar-dodades-av-granbarkborren-2020?publisherId=415163&releaseId=3288473<br>[3] Marini et al. (2017). Ecography, 40(12), 1426–1435.<br>[4] Raffa (1991). Photochemical induction by herbivores. pp. 245-276<strong><br></strong>[5] Seidl, et al. (2014). Nature Climate Change, 4(9), 806-810. <br>[6] Ghimire, et al. (2016). Atmospheric Environment, 126, 145-152.<br>[7] Niinemets, U. and Monson, R. (2013). ISBN 978-94-007-6606-8<br>[8] Kesselmeier, J. and Staudt, M. (1999). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 33(1), pp.23-88</p>

scholarly journals Bark Beetle Population Dynamics in the Anthropocene: Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. W. Biedermann ◽  
Jean-Claude Grégoire ◽  
Axel Gruppe ◽  
Jonas Hagge ◽  
Almuth Hammerbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Important Pest

Tree-killing bark beetles are the most economically important insects in conifer forests worldwide. Yet  despite >200 years of research, the drivers of population eruptions or crashes are still not fully understood, precluding reliable predictions of the effects of global change on beetle population dynamics and impacts on ecosystems and humans.  We critically analyze potential biotic and abiotic drivers of population dynamics of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) and present a novel ecological framework that integrates the multiple drivers governing this bark beetle system. We call for large-scale collaborative research efforts to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of this important pest; an approach that might serve as a blueprint for other eruptive forest insects.

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