Armillariaostoyae in young spruce plantations

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1773-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Root Collar

Black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss) plantations, 4–10 years old, were examined for Armillaria root disease. The disease was found in 89% of 27 sample locations, and up to 2% of the trees were recently killed. Armillariaostoyae (Romagn.) Herink was the cause of the disease. Spruce show little reduction in stem height and diameter prior to being killed by the fungus. Lethal infections of A. ostoyae develop primarily at the root collar and are associated with root deformities and small diameters of lateral roots. Root deformities, frequently associated with growing conifer seedlings in containers, are hypothesized to predispose planted spruce to Armillaria root disease.

Survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings in relation to stock type, site preparation and plantation type in southeastern Manitoba

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
J. Aurea Siemens ◽  
Vince Keenan ◽  
Daniel Philippot
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Root Collar

Differences in survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings planted on boreal mixedwood sites were tested for stock types (transplant versus container), site preparation (Donaren disc trenching versus no trenching), and plantation types (open versus sheltered) in southeastern Manitoba after eight or nine growing seasons. Mortality of open plantation (32.3%) and container stock (32.5%) were significantly higher than sheltered plantation (23.7%) and transplant stock (22.8%), respectively. Donaren trenching slightly reduced the mortality of black spruce but significantly increased the mortality of white spruce. Seedlings of container stock (110 cm) were significantly shorter than transplant stock (157 cm). Significant difference in height was found between open and sheltered plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Root collar diameter of container stock (15.6 mm) was significantly smaller than transplant stock (23.1 mm). Root collar diameter in sheltered plantations was significantly larger than that in open plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Black spruce open plantation had significantly smaller volume (97 cm3) compare to black spruce sheltered (210 cm3) and white spruce open (175 cm3) and sheltered (229 cm3) plantations. White spruce open plantations also had smaller volume than white spruce sheltered plantations. Container stock had smaller volume (89 cm3) than transplant stock (267 cm3). For transplant stock, strip plantations had a significantly higher volume (329 cm3) than open plantations (204 cm3). Based on above results, we recommend that (1) transplant stock should be used, (2) sheltered plantation site preparation should be used on boreal mixedwood sites, and (3) Donaren disc-trenching is not necessary for planting white spruce. Key words: silviculture, boreal mixedwood site, plantation

scholarly journals Root Collar Excavation for Postinfection Control of Armillaria Root Disease of Grapevine

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Soil Excavation ◽  
Root Collar

Root collar excavation for control of Armillaria root disease of grapevine was investigated in two California vineyards (vineyard K1 and vineyard N1) from 2002 to 2004. The hypothesis tested was that root collar excavation, when timed in early stages of root collar infection, may cause mycelial fans of the pathogen Armillaria mellea to recede from the root collar before severe disease results from vascular tissue decay. In vineyard N1, excavation significantly increased yield and cluster weight of symptomatic grapevines; symptomatic-excavated grapevines had the same high mean cluster weight as healthy grapevines, and there were no significant effects of excavation on yield or pruning weight of healthy grapevines. In vineyard K1, where excavated root collars frequently refilled with soil, excavation had no significant effects on yield or pruning weight of symptomatic grapevines, and significantly reduced pruning weight and shoot weight of healthy grapevines. Reexamination in March 2004 revealed that mycelial fans had receded from root collars of symptomatic-excavated grapevines, but remained on root collars of symptomatic-nonexcavated grapevines. Root collar excavation appears to be a promising cultural approach for control of Armillaria root disease, as long as excavated root collars are kept clear of soil.

Using spatial and temporal patterns of Armillaria root disease to formulate management recommendations for Ontario's black spruce (Piceamariana) seed orchards

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Bruhn ◽  
J.D. Mihail ◽  
T.R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Logistic Functions

Between 1982 and 1989, 22 black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) seed orchards were established on cleared jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) forest land in northwest Ontario. These orchards were located on stressful sites for black spruce to hasten seed production. Mortality caused by Armillariaostoyae (Romagn.) Herink was observed in most of these orchards within 3 years of establishment. This study was initiated to quantitatively describe the temporal progress and spatial patterns of Armillaria root disease mortality in five representative orchards, to determine future operational management implications. In the four orchards where epidemics developed, temporal disease progress was nonlinear and was better described by the monomolecular function than by the Gompertz or logistic functions. Monomolecular rates of disease increase were 0.0062–0.0346. Applying these rates, we estimated that cumulative Armillaria root disease mortality will be 9–41% and 25–79%, at 20 and 50 years after planting, respectively. Armillaria root disease mortality was spatially aggregated in all four orchards. Trees adjacent to Armillaria-killed trees had an increased probability of mortality from Armillaria root disease. Successive epidemics may develop in these orchards; their timing and severity will be affected by orchard management practices. Measures of spruce family performance in these orchards are compromised by the aggregated distributions of different A. ostoyae genets and the root disease they cause.

scholarly journals SHORT DAY TREATMENTS CAUSE EARLY DEHARDENING IN CONIFER SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1090b-1090
Author(s):  
F.J. Bigras ◽  
A.L. D'Aoust
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Whole Plants

Seventeen weeks old white spruce seedlings were hardened under 8 h or 16 h photoperiod for 28 d at 15°C (12 h) followed by 21 d at 3°C (8 h photoperiod) and 28 d at 0°C without light. Dehardening conditions were a 14 h photoperiod at 10°C for 21 d followed by 18 d at 20°C. Frost tolerance of whole plants and exised organs were measured at regular intervals. An earlier rehardening was observed for plants hardened under short day treatments. Similar results have been reported for black spruce in independant studies. Hypotheses to explain this phenomenon will be presented based on bud phenology, mineral content, sugar analyses and morphological data.

scholarly journals Effects of timing of glyphosate application on jack pine, black spruce, and white spruce plantations in northern Manitoba

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songling Fu ◽  
Han Y.H. Chen ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
Jeff R Delaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Deferring conifer release treatments is sometimes necessary, but its effects on crop tree performance are not well understood. We investigated the effects of deferring glyphosate applications on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP), and white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss.) plantations established on a dry site with moderate competition and a moist site with heavier competition in The Pas, northern Manitoba. At each site, experimental treatments included no herbicide and one glyphosate (formulated as Vision®) at 1.42 kg acid equivalent glyphosate ha-1 application between one and five years after planting with three replications. Survival, root collar diameter, and height of the three conifers were repeatedly measured for ten consecutive years following planting. Survival of the three conifers was not affected by glyphosate application. For all the three species, root collar diameter and stand volume of crop trees increased significantly in glyphosate-treated plots, compared to control plots. Varying the timing of glyphosate application between year 1 and 5 resulted in a similar conifer dimensions. Glyphosate application significantly improved height growth of black spruce and marginally white spruce, but not jack pine. On these sites, glyphosate reduced the cover of woody species, but grass, forbs and shrubs rapidly captured the newly available growing space. A two variable regression analysis revealed that grass cover negatively affected stand volume of all three conifer species. Cover of tall shrub, forbs, and interaction of cover and height of tall shrubs were the next most important variables to explain jack pine, black spruce, and white spruce volume growth, respectively. Key words: vegetation management, forest herbicides, survival, growth, stand volume, long-term repeated measurements

Comparison of Armillaria root disease on burned and unburned, harvested sites in Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Whitney ◽  
R N Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Burned Site

Averages of 10, 10, 0 and 4% of white spruce, black spruce, balsam fir and jack pine saplings were killed by Armillaria Root Disease (ARD), after 10 years following planting around 50 infected stumps that had been prescribed burned. Comparable averages on an unburned control area of 8, 8, 0 and 6% were not significantly different from the burned area. ARD did not occur in any trees planted adjacent to five deeply burned stumps. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between ARD and intensity of burn on stumps. Significantly (p = .05) fewer balsam fir saplings were killed by ARD than of either white or black spruce. Jack pine heights were significantly greater (p = .05) than those of the other species on both locations after10 years, and on the unburned site after 17 years (experimental trees on the burned site were inadvertently cut during a silvicultural thinning in the year prior to measurements in the 17th year). Balsam fir heights were significantly less (p = .05) than those of the other three species on both sites after 10 years, and after 17 years on the unburned site. Key words: Root rot, Armillaria, burning, height growth, spruce, balsam fir, jack pine

Nutrient supply and belowground interaction alter responses to CO2 elevation in black spruce and white spruce

2020 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 118271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lai Dang ◽  
Jacob Marfo ◽  
Fengguo Du ◽  
Md. Shah Newaz
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Co2 Elevation

Bud and crown architecture of white spruce and black spruce

Trees ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Colombo ◽  
Colin W. G. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Crown Architecture
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