Devising sampling methods for inventory of receptive seed cones of jack pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1704-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fleming ◽  
P. de Groot ◽  
A. Obarymskyj ◽  
T. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
The Cost

Open-grown jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario, ranging in age from 9–20 years, bore an average of 311 receptive seed cones, with the greatest number in the upper midcrown. Generally, counts of receptive seed cones varied more among trees than among directions; most of the variation among trees occurred in the mid to upper crown. The expression F(H) = Hb+1[b + 2 − (b + 1)H], with b = 3.12 (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.94), described the cumulative proportion of receptive seed cones occurring up to relative crown height, H. Significant directional differences in the parameter estimates for b showed that the open-grown jack pines initiated seed cones at slightly lower heights on the south side than on the other sides. For monitoring the crop, a procedure for randomly selecting receptive seed cones with respect to their vertical distribution in the crown was developed. The construction of simple, cost-effective sampling plans for estimating yields of receptive seed cones in jack pine seed orchards is explained. This involves determining the cost of conducting the sampling necessary to achieve a desired precision of estimation. It also involves determining the precision attainable with limited resources to conduct the sampling. With this focus, simple random sampling and two types of stratified random sampling were compared. Stratified random sampling based on relative crown height with equal stratum widths was cost-effective and should be relatively easy to implement operationally.

A beginner's Guide to Sampling Methods in Medical Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Basti ◽  
Farzan Madadizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Main Components

Background: Sampling methods are one of the main components of each research. Familiarity with a variety of sampling methods is essential for researchers. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to teach different probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling methods to improve the knowledge of researchers in conducting more accurate research. Methods: In this tutorial article, useful information about each sampling method, as well as how to properly use each method and its strengths and weaknesses are provided. Results: Five cases of probabilistic sampling methods and four cases of non-probabilistic sampling methods that are common are mentioned. Probabilistic sampling included simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic random sampling, and multi-stage random sampling. In addition to introducing each method, its strengths and weaknesses are also mentioned. Conclusion: Probabilistic sampling methods despite limiting assumptions provide more reliable results. Therefore, if it is possible, researchers should use probabilistic sampling methods to increase the accuracy of the study.

scholarly journals Median Double Ranked Set Sampling Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7503-7512
Author(s):  
Nuran Medhat Al-Mawan ◽  
El-Houssainy Rady ◽  
Nasr Rashwan
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Ranked Set Sampling ◽  
Median Ranked Set Sampling ◽  
Observational Economy ◽  
The Mean

In environmental monitoring and assessment, the main focus is to achieve observational economy and to collect data with unbiased, efficient and cost-effective sampling methods. Ranked set sampling (RSS) is one traditional method that is mostly used for accomplishing observational economy. In this article, we suggested new sampling method called median double ranked set sampling (MDRSS). The newly suggested sampling method MDRSS is compare to the simple random sampling (SRS), RSS, double ranked set sampling (DRSS), median ranked set sampling (MRSS). When the underlying distributions are symmetric and asymmetric, it is shown that, the variance of the mean estimator under MDRSS is always less than the variance of the mean estimator based on SRS and the other methods.

E-Voting Kepala Desa dan Modal Sosial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Khaulah Afifah ◽  
Lala M Kolopaking ◽  
Zessy Ardinal Barlan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Social ◽  
Voting System

Head of a village election with e-voting system is a new thing for community The success level of e-voting system can be reached by fulfil several principles in order to the implementation going effective and the result of the election can be accepted by all. The objectives of this research is to analyze the relation between the success level of e-voting system with social capital of the community. This research is carried out with the quantitative approach and supported by qualitative data. This research takes 60 respondents using simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the success level of e-voting has a correlation with the level of social capital of the community. Based on the field study, the social capital of the community is classified as high. The high social capital makes the implementation of e-voting successful and the success level is also high, because in the election ten years ago occurred a conflict. The community considers e-voting easier and more practical, cost effective and time-saving, and the results of e-voting are also reliable. A practical and fast of e-voting system can be a solution especially for “rural-urban” community who are busy or work outside the village.Keywords: E-voting, the success level of the system, social capital Pemilihan kepala desa dengan sistem e-voting merupakan hal yang baru bagi masyarakat. Keberhasilan penerapan sistem e-voting dilihat dari terpenuhinya beberapa prinsip agar penerapannya berlangsung efektif dan hasilnya dapat diterima oleh seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat keberhasilan sistem e-voting dalam pemilihan kepala desa dengan tingkat modal sosial masyarakat. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung oleh analisis data kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengambil enam puluh responden dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keberhasilan e-voting memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat modal sosial masyarakat. Berdasarkan kajian di lapang, modal sosial masyarakat tergolong tinggi. Tingginya modal sosial tersebut membuat pelaksanaan e-voting berhasil dan tingkat keberhasilannya juga tergolong tinggi karena pada pemilihan sepuluh tahun silam sempat terjadi konflik. Masyarakat menganggap sistem evoting lebih mudah dan praktis, hemat dalam segi biaya dan waktu, serta hasil dari pemilihan juga dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Sistem e-voting yang praktis dan cepat dapat menjadi solusi khususnya bagi masyarakat daerah “desa-kota” yang memiliki kesibukan atau pekerjaan di luar desa.Kata Kunci: E-voting, keberhasilan sistem, modal sosial. 

scholarly journals The Effect Of Milenial Generation Characteristics Of Job Satisfaction Relations And Employee Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Alfatih Sikki Manggabarani ◽  
Faisal Marzuki ◽  
Mahendro
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Partial Least Square Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique

This research is a quantitative study that aims to determine the Millennial Generation Characteristics of Employee Engagement. The population in this study The study was conducted by taking samples of Millennials who are actively working at Micro Finance companies with a total of 150 respondents. The sample size was taken as many as 150 respondents, with probability sampling methods especially simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The analysis technique used is the PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the value of R- Square (R2) Employee Engagement is 0.786 and Employee Satisfaction is 0.647 thus indicating that the contribution of Grit, Worklife Balance, and Jon Resources variables to Employee Engagement and Employee Satisfaction are 0.786 or 78.6% and 0.647 or 64.7%. And the rest is influenced by other factors not examined.

scholarly journals AGROFORESTRI BERBASIS ROTAN TERHADAP SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI BARITO SELATAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Johanna Maria Rotinsulu ◽  
Sosilawaty Sosilawaty ◽  
Yanarita Yanarita
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Village ◽  
Society Research

South Barito is an area of rattan and rattan production center of the province of Central Kalimantan, on the other hand is one area that has natural conditions very conducive to the development of rattan. This study reveals how patterns in addition to planting and processing of rattan traditionally also analyze the socio-economic level of society. Research conducted in South Barito regency, District Karau in Two Villages is Bangkuang and New Salat. The village of the second sample is determined gardens and population are farmers who cultivate cane with sampling methods by simple random sampling, because the peasant population is homogeneous, the number of samples in each village 34 respondents or 68 farmers overall. The result showed that in general the rattan garden where the studies were not well-maintained, where the average of respondents (45%) said that maintenance is only performed at the time of going to the harvesting or one for rattan planting. Besides the low price of rattan is led to a reduction of land management / rattan gardens intensively. and production of rattan average yield of 2.6 tons ha-1 or 245.5 clumps of cane ha-1. For the villagers of business administration studies despite conditions that are considered less favorable, but they still look forward to the Government's policy to remain aligned to the Farmers Rattan. In addition, because cane is inherited and used as a hallmark of South Barito society in general.Barito Selatan merupakan daerah penghasil rotan dan sentra produksi rotan provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, selain itu merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki kondisi alam yang sangat mendukung bagi perkembangan rotan. Penelitian ini selain untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana pola tanam dan pengolahan rotan secara tradisional juga  menganalisis tingkat sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Barito Selatan, Kecamatan Karau di Dua Desa yaitu Bangkuang dan Salat Baru. Dari kedua Desa tersebut ditentukan kebun sampel dan populasi masyarakat  yaitu  petani yang mengusahakan rotan dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling, karena populasi petani bersifat homogen, jumlah sampel di masing-masing desa 34 responden atau keseluruhan 68 petani. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada umumnya kebun rotan di tempat penelitian tersebut tidak terpelihara dengan baik, dimana rata-rata responden (45%) menyebutkan bahwa pemeliharaan hanya dilakukan pada saat akan dilakukan pemanenan atau satu kali selama rotan itu di tanam. Selain itu rendahnya  harga  rotan  sangat  berdampak pada berkurangnya pengelolaan lahan/kebun rotan secara intensif. dan hasil produksi rotan rata-rata diperoleh 2,6 ton ha-1 atau 245,5 rumpun rotan ha-1. Bagi masyarakat Desa studi walaupun kondisi tataniaga yang dianggap kurang menguntungkan, namun mereka masih berharap kebijakan Pemerintah tetap berpihak kepada Petani Rotan. Di samping itu  karena pada umumnya rotan merupakan warisan dan digunakan sebagai ciri khas masyarakat Barito Selatan.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Public Trust dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Muhamad Thahir Haning ◽  
Hasniati ◽  
Mashuri H. Tahili
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Multistage Cluster Sampling

<p>Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menginterpretasi pengaruh model kepercayaan publik terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan metode survey di tiga area Kantor Pelayanan Pajak yaitu Makassar Selatan, Maros, dan Palopo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak  yang telah teregistrasi sebagai wajib pajak, baik pajak orang pribadi dan pajak badan sebanyak 2400 orang. Sampel penelitian menggunakan multistage cluster sampling methods untuk memastikan keterwakilan populasi. Penarikan sampel menggunakan metode stratified random sampling terhadap tiga area penelitian. Rumus Slovin digunakan untuk menetapkan jumlah sampel  sebesar 20% dengan pertimbangan karena populasi yang relatif besar dimana persentase kelonggaran ketelitian kesalahan pengambilan sampel yang masih  bisa ditolerir sebesar α=0,05. Dengan dasar tersebut, maka sampel dalam penelitian ditetapkan sebanyak 400 responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan persamaan model struktural. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan publik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib  pajak. Kepercayaan publik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak melalui kinerja pelayanan pajak. Variabel kinerja pelayanan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Faktor pemerintah, faktor resiko, dan faktor kontekstual berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan publik dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. </p><p><strong>Kata kunci : Kepercayaan publik, kinerja pelayanan pajak, kepatuhan wajib pajak</strong></p>

scholarly journals SISTEMA DE INVENTÁRIO FLORESTAL PARA SERINGAL NATIVO

FLORESTA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Arimatéa Silva ◽  
Sylvio Péllico Netto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Inventory System ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages

Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um Sistema de Inventário Florestal para seringal nativo. Aplicou-se a Amostragem Inteiramente Aleatória (AIA), em dois estágios: colocação de seringa, no primeiro, e estrada de seringa, no segundo. Foram estimados: número de seringueiras por estrada (N), área basal das seringueiras da estrada (G) e volume da porção explorada do fuste (V). Realizou-se uma pós-estratificação, considerando-se estradas de centro e de margem, aplicando-se a Amostragem Estratificada (AE). Comparou-se a AIA com a AE, com base na eficiência relativa. Os resultados revelaram as seguintes estimativas para as médias estratificadas: N=100; G=19,00 m², V= 62,8 m³. Concluiu-se que a AE revelou-se mais eficiente que a AIA para estimar as variáveis analisadas. Propõe-se que um sistema de inventário para seringal nativo deve combinar: informações de um censo das colocações; um processo de amostragem estratificada; e um método de amostragem cuja unidade de amostra é a estrada de seringa. Forest Inventory System for Rubber Trees Abstract Forest Inventory System for rubber trees. This work had as objective to develop an Inventory System for native rubber tree areas. The Simple Random Sampling (SRS) was applied in two stages: the setting, in the first, and the rubber trees tracks, in the second stage. Number of rubber trees per track (N), basal area of the rubber trees track (G) and volume of the stem portion explored (V) were the parameters estimated. A post-stratification was become fulfilled, considering itself center tracks and river side tracks, applying itself it Stratified Random Sampling (STRS). It was compared SRS with the STRS, on the basis of the relative efficiency. The results showed the following estimates for the stratified means: N=100; G=19,00 m², V = 62,8 m³. It was concluded that the STRS showed more efficient than the SRS to estimate the analyzed variables. It is considered that an Inventory System for native rubber tree areas must match: information of a census of the settings; a process of Stratified Random Sampling; and a sampling method whose unit of sample is the rubber tree track.

scholarly journals Analisis Potensi dan Efektivitas Pemungutan Pajak Restoran Terhadap Realisasi Penerimaan Pajak Restoran Di Kecamatan Kuta Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Indah Anggreni ◽  
Maria Mediatrix Ratna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The purpose of this  study was to determine how much the potential and effectiveness of restaurant tax collection in the District of South Kuta. This research has been conducted in various  restaurants  located in South Kuta. The number of samples is 94 restaurants, 14 restaurants, and 4 bars, with probability sampling methods, especially Simple Random Sampling. Data collection is done through surveys, non-participant observation, and questionnaires. The analysis technique  used is quantitative descriptive. The analysis shows that the restaurant tax potential in South Kuta District in 2019 is quite large when compared to the realization and target of restaurant tax. The effectiveness of restaurant tax collection in South Kuta District in 2018 which resulted in 108 percent with very effective criteria. Keywords: Potency; Effectiveness; Realization of Revenue.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sampling Methods for Content Analysis of Twitter Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630511877283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwalbin Kim ◽  
S. Mo Jang ◽  
Sei-Hill Kim ◽  
Anan Wan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Gubernatorial Election

Despite the existing evaluation of the sampling options for periodical media content, only a few empirical studies have examined whether probability sampling methods can be applicable to social media content other than simple random sampling. This article tests the efficiency of simple random sampling and constructed week sampling, by varying the sample size of Twitter content related to the 2014 South Carolina gubernatorial election. We examine how many weeks were needed to adequately represent 5 months of tweets. Our findings show that a simple random sampling is more efficient than a constructed week sampling in terms of obtaining a more efficient and representative sample of Twitter data. This study also suggests that it is necessary to produce a sufficient sample size when analyzing social media content.

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