Relationships between soil chemistry, foliar chemistry, and condition of red spruce at Mount Moosilauke, New Hampshire

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1219-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Huntington ◽  
David R. Peart ◽  
James Hornig ◽  
Douglas F. Ryan ◽  
Stuart Russo-Savage
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Concentration

We measured soil chemical properties and red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) foliar chemistry and crown condition in the spruce-fir vegetation zone at Mount Moosilauke, New Hampshire. Our measurements were made in or adjacent to permanent plots stratified by elevation, aspect, and soil type. Soils were analyzed for exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Al and extractable P and Mn. Foliage was analyzed for Ca, Mg, K, Al, P, and Mn. Based upon the best available provisional standards for red spruce foliar element sufficiency, 1-year-old needles showed a moderate P deficiency (1000–1400 mg•kg−1), Mg levels in a transitional zone from deficiency to sufficiency (600–720 mg•kg−1), and Ca and K levels in a range sufficient for good growth. Foliar element concentrations were not correlated with crown condition. Extractable soil P (kg•ha−1 and cmol ion charge•kg−1) was positively correlated with crown condition. The only significant relationships found between soil exchangeable base cations and crown condition were positive correlations for Ca and Mg (kg•ha−1) in the Oi + Oe horizon. Several factors suggest that red spruce at high elevations at Mount Moosilauke was not stressed from base cation limitations: (i) foliar element concentrations were generally in sufficient ranges, (ii) crown condition was not related to foliar element concentration, (iii) relationships between exchangeable soil cations and foliar concentration or crown condition were generally not significant or were inconsistent between soil horizons.

Winter injury to subalpine red spruce: influence of prior vigor and effects on subsequent growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Peart ◽  
Nathan J. Poage ◽  
Matthew B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weak Tendency

We assessed the relationship between prior vigor and severity of winter injury to trees and saplings of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) at Mount Moosilauke, New Hampshire. Severity of injury was quantified as percent foliar damage on current-year needles after severe injury in the winter of 1988–1989. There was no relationship between severity of injury and prior crown condition. There was only a weak tendency for trees with high live crown ratios to be less damaged than trees with proportionally smaller crowns. Severity of winter injury was not correlated with prior growth rates in the 1-, 2-, or 5-year periods preceding injury, for either trees (radial growth) or saplings (extension growth). However, crown condition of trees and saplings deteriorated significantly following injury. For both trees and saplings, prior growth and subsequent growth were positively correlated for the 1- and 2-year periods before and after the winter injury event. Effects of winter injury on growth in 1989 and 1990 were analyzed using growth ratios (subsequent growth relative to prior growth) to avoid ambiguity resulting from individual differences in growth rates. Severity of winter injury had no effect on growth ratios in the 1- or 2-year periods following winter injury. Although no effects on growth were detected following a single winter injury event, it remains plausible that successive, severe episodes of winter injury could reduce growth and increase mortality risk in red spruce.

Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) foliar chemistry in Northern Vermont and New York, USA

1988 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Friedland ◽  
G. J. Hawley ◽  
R. A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Foliar Chemistry

Chlorophyll fluorescence response of red spruce and balsam fir to a watershed calcium fertilization experiment in New Hampshire

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1518-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements

Decreases in soil exchangeable calcium (Ca) due to acid deposition have been linked with declines of forest species in the northeastern United States, particularly red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). In 2005, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were taken on red spruce and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) trees growing on two watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire. One watershed had been fertilized with CaSiO3 in 1999 to replace the soil Ca losses of the past 50 years, and the other was a reference watershed. In March, there were no differences in any chlorophyll fluorescence parameter between sites or species. In August, however, dark-adapted ratios of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were significantly greater (p = 0.05) in the Ca-treated watershed for both spruce and fir, and spruce values were significantly greater than fir. No differences were found in the light-adapted fluorescence parameters. These results suggest that both spruce and fir respond to increases in Ca availability, even though fir does not exhibit the decline symptoms seen in spruce. It is unclear what physiological effect is responsible for the observed differences in Fv/Fm. The Fv/Fm values appear to respond to differences in Ca availability in forest tree species; thus, the ratio has the potential to be used in these two watersheds at HBEF to determine if other forest species are also responding to Ca additions.

KORSCHELTELLUS GRACILIS (GROTE): A PEST OF RED SPRUCE AND BALSAM FIR ROOTS (LEPIDOPTERA: HEPIALIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wagner ◽  
Donald R. Tobi ◽  
William E. Wallner ◽  
Bruce L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Below Ground

AbstractKorscheltellus gracilis (Grote) is a pest of red spruce and balsam fir roots in the forests of the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. The larvae feed below ground on woody and non-woody plant tissues for 2 years before maturing. It was found at 18 localities across New England and Nova Scotia during the summers of 1987 and 1988. On Whiteface Mt., New York, and Mt. Moosilauke, New Hampshire, larvae were absent to uncommon at low (500 m) and high (1300 m) altitudes, but common to abundant in red spruce – balsam fir associations at 700, 900, and 1100 m. During September 1987, larval populations were estimated at 56 000 and 312 000 per hectare in soils at 900 m on Whiteface and Moosilauke, respectively. Dense populations occurred locally, e.g. 27 larvae were recovered from a single 0.25-m2 soil pit at 900 m on Moosilauke. By June 1988, larval numbers on Whiteface and Moosilauke had declined by 51% and 72%, respectively. Seedlings and mature trees of both spruce and fir were damaged by larval feeding on bark and cambium. Seedlings were girdled; mature trees had wounds paralleling the root axes.

Winter Water Relations of Red Spruce on Mount Monadnock, New Hampshire

Ecology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight T. Kincaid ◽  
Elizabeth E. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Red Spruce

Variations of trace element concentrations in red spruce tree rings

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zayed ◽  
S. Loranger ◽  
G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Element Concentrations

Évolution de la structure diamétrale et de la composition des peuplements mixtes de sapin baumier et d'épinette rouge de la forêt primitive après une coupe à diamètre limite sur l'Aire d'observation de la rivière Ouareau

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Fortin ◽  
Jean Bégin ◽  
Louis Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Diameter Structure

Using data from 41 plots, the diameter structure and composition of old-growth mixed stands composed mainly of balsam fir (Abies basalmea (L.) Mill.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) were characterized. The stand table was organized in five groups of diameter classes, and we characterized the basal area of four tree species in each group. Analysis showed that diameter structure tends toward a reverse J-shaped curve. Red spruce and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) were more abundant among large diameter trees while balsam fir was more abundant among saplings. A comparison with 18 permanent plots from a diameter-limit cutting showed that plots had come back to a structure similar to that of the old-growth forest 47 years after cutting. However, spruce ratios had decreased while those of balsam fir and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) had increased. Red spruce decrease is not due to a lack of regeneration but to overcutting. Single-tree selection method would be a suitable treatment if aimed at protecting red spruce trees up to a given diameter.

Seasonal trends and effects of temperature and rainfall on stem electrical capacitance of spruce and fir trees

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Lekas ◽  
R. Glenn MacDougall ◽  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Robert G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Seasonal trends of stem capacitance were generally similar among balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.), and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees and among plots. In 1987, stem capacitance increased following bud break until early June and then slowly declined until September 8, corresponding to an extended dry period (less than 27% of the annual rainfall of the previous 7 years). Dramatic increases in stem capacitance were observed following 55 mm of rain on September 9, 1987. During autumn of both 1987 and 1988, stem capacitance steadily declined; mean capacitance of trees in seven plots in October and November 1987 was 55–89 and 35–74% of values in June and July 1987, respectively. Diameter at breast height increment of 34 red spruce trees and 190 spruce and fir trees in permanent plots was consistently significantly (p <0.001) related to mean monthly capacitance; the strongest relationships (55–83% of the variability explained) were with mean June or July capacitance. The relationship of stem capacitance with growth of fir and spruce trees was corroborated. In addition, a stronger influence of water relations on capacitance than previously thought was demonstrated.

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