Growth and development of eastern white pine rooted cuttings compared with seedlings through 8 years of age

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Steven E. McKeand
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
System Quality ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

Container-grown rooted stem cuttings from 13 eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) clones were paired with open-pollinated bare-root seedlings to compare growth through age 8 years of the two stock types. Before planting, measures of root system quality (number of roots per cutting, root distribution, and weighted root score) were recorded for each ramet to relate growth to initial root system quality. Rooted cuttings had higher survival than seedlings through year 8, 78 vs. 68%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. Rooted cuttings were significantly shorter than seedlings after age 4 years, with differences between stock types increasing in magnitude through year 8. Measures of root system quality of rooted cuttings were not significantly correlated with survival or growth at any age.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of benzolinone with IBA and fungicides on the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants, park, and fruit woody species

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Henselová
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
Allochthonous Species

  A study was made of the stimulating effect of benzolinone (3-benzyloxycarbonyl-methyl)-2-benzothiazolinone in powder form (P) and its mixture with indole butyric acid (IBA), the biofungicide Supresivit and fungicide Captan 50 WP on the root formation of 17 species of ornamental plants, park and fruit woody species. Under the action of benzolinone, the yield of rooted cuttings in the category of ornamental plants amounted to 44.5% (in the Dianthus sp.) up to 83.7% (in Rosa canina), in the category of park woody species it was from l6.7 (in Magnolia stellata) to 100% (in Forsythia intermedia). In fruit trees represented by two species, viz. Actinidia arguta and cherry rootstocks, the yield was between 20 and 86.7%, and in two allochthonous species Cotoneaster horizontalis and Philadelphus coronarius it was from 96.7 to 100% in rooted cuttings. In the case of herbaceous and semi-lignified cuttings, lower concentrations of benzolinone below 0.1% were more effective, while on the contrary, higher concentrations of 0.1–0.2% proved more effective with lignified cuttings. In the species with difficult root formation, such as Magnolia stellata, Viburnum farreri and Actinidia arguta, benzolinone demonstrably stimulated both the rhizogenesis, and thereby the overall yield of rooted cuttings, and the quality of the root system. In the case of the species with naturally high rooting ability, the positive effect of benzolinone was manifest mainly in the quality of the root system. The synergistic action of the above stimulants on root formation was achieved in two and three-component benzolinone mixtures with IBA and fungicides on the basis of the active ingredients captan and Trichoderma harzianum. The most evident stimulating effects on the rooting of cuttings in Dianthus sp., Ficus schlechteri and the deciduous species Acer saccharinum Pyramidale, Prunus padus Colorata and Prunus kurilensis Brilliant was obtained in three-component mixtures.

scholarly journals Container Type and Volume Influences Adventitious Rooting and Subsequent Field Growth of Stem Cuttings of Loblolly Pine

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Jeff A. Wright ◽  
Ben Cazell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Container Type

Abstract Container type and size can influence rooting success, development, and subsequent field growth of loblolly pine rooted cuttings. To evaluate differences between containers, a series of two experiments were conducted comparing rooting in commercially available Jiffy forestry peat pelletsof various sizes to a rigid plastic container system considered to represent a commercially obtainable optimum. A third experiment was conducted to compare the effect of three volumes of Ray Leach Cone-tainers on rooting percentage and root system quality. The same three families were usedin experiments 1 and 2 where dormant and succulent cuttings were rooted, respectively. Succulent cuttings from a different set of three families were used in experiment 3. Rooted cuttings from experiments 2 and 3 also were field planted and evaluated for the effect of container type and sizeon 1st-year growth. In the first two experiments, rooting percentages of the best treatments (Jiffy pellets, 25–65, 30–65, 36–65, 36–75, and 42–65 mm) were equal to the controls, indicating that the peat pellets offer a practical alternative to rooting in rigidcontainers. Rooting percentages, however, declined in larger Jiffy pellets (42–80 mm and 50–95 mm pellets), but root masses of rooted cuttings were quite large. In the smaller Jiffy pellets, roots tended to grow into adjacent pellets resulting in lower root mass after the pelletswere harvested for planting. Lower root mass at preplanting equated to less root mass after 1 year in the field, despite the fact that the root systems were more horizontally developed than those produced in rigid containers. Rooting percentages and morphology were under genetic control andthere were statistically significant family × container interactions. Because these interactions were caused primarily by changes in magnitude rather than changes in ranks, a few of the containers could be used to optimize production for the limited number of genotypes tested here. Alternativemethods of producing rooted cuttings in Jiffy pellets are compared briefly with production systems in rigid containers and some important considerations are discussed. South. J. Appl.For. 30(3):142–146.

scholarly journals Assessment of the usefulness of selected media used in the rooting process of lavender cotton shoot cuttings

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Stanisława Szczepaniak ◽  
Zdzisław Guzikowski ◽  
Monika Henschke
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Medium Type

Abstract Lavender cotton (Santolina chamaecyparissus L.) shoot cuttings, obtained from two-year-old mother plants, were rooted in five different media under an unheated foil tunnel. Two ready-made and widely recommended media were used: Hartmann peat substrate and Ceres peat-coconut substrate, as well as three prepared mixtures: high peat + mineral soil, high peat + perlite and high peat + sand. The influence of medium type on the number of rooted cuttings and the quality of the root system was assessed for two cultivation times during a three-year study after eight weeks from the date of cutting. As far as the ready-made rooting substrates are concerned, Ceres peat-coconut substrate turned out to be better when compared with the Hartmann substrate. The number of high quality rooted cuttings was larger when media containing high peat mixed with either mineral soil or sand were used in comparison with the mixture of high peat and perlite.

scholarly journals Rooting Softwood Cuttings of Leyland Cypress Outdoors Under Shade

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Scott A. Derby
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
Additional Improvement ◽  
Substrate Fertility

Abstract Stem cuttings of Leyland cypress [x Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Dallim. & A.B. Jacks], were rooted to determine the effect of A) date of collection, rooting substrate, and mist frequency, B) auxin formulation and concentration, C) rooting substrate, D) substrate fertility, and E) type of cutting and auxin concentration. Results were best for misting intervals of 5 to 7 min during the day, but 10 min was also adequate. Rooting was comparable for softwood cuttings collected in late May or late June. Powder and liquid auxin formulations, which both contained indolebutyric acid (IBA), yielded similar results. Cuttings that were more lignified (light tan color) at the bases benefited the most from higher concentrations [≈ 8000 ppm (0.8%)] of IBA in talc, whereas less mature cuttings (green at the bases) rooted in highest percentages with lower concentrations [≈ 3000 ppm (0.3%)]. Rooting was similar in substrates with a peat:perlite ratio (v/v) of 1:1, 1:2, or 1:4, whereas results were less satisfactory in 100% perlite. Controlled release fertilizer [1.8 kg/m3 (4 lb/yd3)] in the rooting substrate did not affect rooting percent, but greatly increased root mass and quality of rooted cuttings. Doubling the rate resulted in little additional improvement. Rooting was comparable for vigorous side shoots (1st-order laterals) and tips from vigorous upright branches (primary axes) of similar maturity.

scholarly journals Environment, Photosynthesis, and Adventitious Rooting of Manchurian Lilac Cuttings Propagated in Overhead Mist, Submist, and Combination Systems

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Sanchez ◽  
Stephanie E. Burnett ◽  
Bryan J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Combination System ◽  
Terminal Buds

We propagated manchurian lilac (Syringa pubescens subsp. patula ‘Miss Kim’) vegetatively from stem cuttings using overhead mist, submist, and combination propagation systems. Cuttings were collected when terminal buds were already set, after the period of tender growth that is optimal for lilac propagation. Net photosynthesis (Pn) was recorded to assess whether differences in rooting could be attributed to differences in photosynthetic activity of cuttings within each system. The propagation environment differed significantly among systems, with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) substantially greater for submist systems than for overhead mist or combination systems, and root zones warmer in submist and combination systems than in overhead mist. Pn of cuttings did not differ among systems and was initially low, but increased about when the first root primordia were visible. Rooting percentages were 90% among cuttings in the combination system, with cuttings in overhead mist and submist rooting at lower, but similar, percentages (68% and 62%, respectively). Cuttings in the combination and submist systems produced significantly more and longer roots than those in the overhead mist system, and retained nearly all of their leaves. Overall, the use of systems that provide intermittent mist to the basal end of each cutting was effective for propagating manchurian lilac. Our results demonstrate that cuttings in submist alone experience a much greater VPD than those in overhead mist, but may nonetheless root at comparable percentages and produce superior measures of root system quality. Combination systems show promise for rooting of species like manchurian lilac, because cuttings rooted at high percentages and with consistent root system quality, despite having been collected after the optimal spring period for lilac propagation.

scholarly journals The effect of an auxin (IBA), fungicide (Captan) and of wounding on the rooting of softwood apple (Malus Mill.) cuttings

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard S. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Rooted Cuttings

Softwood cuttings of rootstocks M 26, M 104 and M 106 were investigated under ordinary propagating greenhouse conditions without basal heat or mist. Rooting was stimulated most effectively by indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 0,5% in a mixture of talc with a commercial powdered fungicide, Captan (6:4 wt/wt). Wounding of the basal part of cuttings increased the percentage of rooting and increased the number of roots per cutting and the length of the root system. Captan restricted decay of cuttings, promoted rooting, probably indirectly, and improved the root-system quality. The best results obtained were 91%, 68% and 100% rooted cuttings for the clones M 26, M 104 and M 106, respectively. The time of cuttings collection (July – September) had no significant effect on their rooting.

scholarly journals Rooting and Overwintering Stem Cuttings of Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. Relevant to Hormone, Media, and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2124-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Nair ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
John Smagula ◽  
Dongyan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Overwintering Survival ◽  
Garden Plant ◽  
Water Holding

Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim. (Japanese Stewartia), a member of Theaceae (tea family), is an excellent garden plant with ornamental features for all four seasons. Reproduction difficulty, however, limits its popularity. We conducted three experiments to ascertain the optimum conditions needed for rooting and subsequent overwintering of semihardwood Stewartia pseudocamellia cuttings. Cuttings were collected in July and prepared for rooting using two types of hormones (KIBA quick dip and Hormodin powder) and three media (Perlite + ProMix, Perlite + Perennial Mix, or Perlite + ProMix + Perennial Mix). Rooted cuttings were overwintered at four different temperatures. The best overwintering temperature was 5 °C, at which 65.6% of newly rooted cuttings survived. Temperatures lower than –12.2 °C were detrimental to the plants. Without cold treatment, only 21.9% of the rooted cuttings survived, which was three times lower than those that received 5 °C treatments. Plants rooted in Perlite + Perennial Mix had 61.8% overwintering survival, which is significantly higher than Perlite + ProMix. The quality of roots, indicated by total root length per cutting, was higher (104.3 cm) with Perlite + Perennial Mix, but not statistically significant. Cuttings treated with rooting hormones had higher rooting percentages (71.9% to 93.6%) as compared with the control (53%). For the same concentration (8000 mg·L−1), liquid (KIBA) and liquid + powder (KIBA + indole-3-butyric acid) rooting hormones resulted in better rooting percentages than powder (Hormodin) alone, although there was no statistical difference in rooting percentages among rooting hormone treatments. The best hormone for subsequent overwintering survival was the combination of quick dip (5000 mg·L−1 KIBA) and Hormodin #2 (0.3% a. i.; equivalent to 3000 mg·L−1). It resulted in 64.2% survival, significantly higher than for KIBA quick dip (8000 mg·L−1 a.i.) or Hormodin #3 (0.8% a. i.; equivalent to 8000 mg·L−1) alone. Our results suggest that reproduction (rooting and overwintering) of Stewartia was affected by many factors. We recommend rooting Stewartia in media that has good aeration and moderate water-holding capacity and overwintering them at ≈5 °C.

scholarly journals Influence of IAA and IBA on root development and quality of Prunus 'GiSelA 5' leafy cuttings

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2052-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Štefančič ◽  
Franci Štampar ◽  
Gregor Osterc
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Gisela 5

The influence of two exogenously applied auxins (IAA and IBA) on the root and shoot development of leafy cuttings was analyzed at 'GiSelA 5', the dwarfing cherry rootstock. IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) hindered the callus formation in the early period of root development and it was more successful than IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) in promoting earlier root development. IBA also influenced the stronger shoot growth and the development of acrobasal type of the rooting system, and induced higher number of roots. Those parameters are very important for the quality and survival of the new plants and they are not the consequence of the higher IAA content in the rooting zones of cuttings in the first days of root development. Both auxin treatments had no effect on the final percent of the rooted cuttings neither on the survival of cuttings, but they increased the percent of rooted cuttings without callus. The root system with callus proved less qualitative, because the cuttings with such root system developed significantly less roots per rooted cutting and their shoot length was shorter than those of the cuttings without callus at both auxin treatments. Exogenously applied auxins were not crucial for root formation, however their application resulted in higher percent of more qualitative 'GiSelA 5' leafy cuttings. IBA proved as the most efficient treatment and it additionally induced earlier root formation.

Stem Quality of White Pine Established by Seeding in Furrows and by Planting

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Raymond E. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Tree Density ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Abstract The quality of eastern white pine established by direct seeding is compared to that of a conventional 6 x 6 ft plantation. Tree density of the seeded pine was nearly three times that of the plantation. The seeded trees were the same height, had a smaller dbh, less stem injury due to the white pine weevil, and smaller branches. The result is a direct-seeded tree of higher quality at a lower establishment cost than a plantation tree. North. J. Appl. For. 5:128-129, June 1988.

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