Potential effects of climate change on stand development in the Pacific Northwest

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1581-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia H. Dale ◽  
Jerry F. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific

Long-term climate and stand structure records and projections from a simulation model are used to explore effects of predicted changes in temperature on forest development in the Pacific Northwest. Few climate trends have occurred during the past 92 years, although there have been variations in September temperatures. The lack of climate trends makes it impossible to relate past changes in stand development to climate. Measures of stand development from six long-term forest plots over the past 7 decades are typical of Douglas-fir stands: stem density declines, leaf area stabilizes, aboveground biomass increases, and shifts in size distribution occur. These changes are consistent with patterns of natural succession. A computer model projected forest development under two climate scenarios: current temperature conditions and temperature warming (such as that predicted under a doubling of atmospheric CO2). The model predicted changes in species composition, leaf area, and stem density in response to temperature increases. Total aboveground biomass is not sensitive to the simulated temperature alterations. Predicted biomass stability suggests that the Pacific Northwest forest would continue to store large amounts of carbon in the living trees even with climatic warming. Therefore, the predicted temperature change would not alter the role of the Pacific Northwest forests as a major storage location of terrestrial carbon. Changes in precipitation patterns or in disturbance frequency or intensity that might occur with climatic warming could alter these predictions.

“The ice has gone”: Vernacular meteorology, fisheries and human–ice relationships on Sakhalin Island

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Mamontova
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
Human Subsistence

Abstract This paper examines vernacular weather observations amongst rural people on Sakhalin, Russia’s largest island on the Pacific Coast, and their relationship to the ice. It is based on a weather diary (2000–2016) of one of the local inhabitants and fieldwork that the author conducted in the settlement of Trambaus in 2016. The diary as a community-based weather monitoring allows us to examine how people understand, perceive and deal with the weather both daily and in the long-term perspective. Research argues that amongst all natural phenomena, the ice is the most crucial for the local inhabitants as it determines human subsistence activities, navigation and relations with other environmental forces and beings. People perceive the ice as having an agency, engage in a dialogue with it, learn and adjust themselves to its drifting patterns. Over the past decade, the inability to predict the ice’s behaviour has become a major problem affecting people’s well-being in the settlement. The paper advocates further integrating vernacular weather observations and their relations with natural forces into research on climate change and local fisheries management policies.

Long-term growth-increment chronologies reveal diverse influences of climate forcing on freshwater and forest biota in the Pacific Northwest

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Black ◽  
Jason B. Dunham ◽  
Brett W. Blundon ◽  
Jayne Brim-Box ◽  
Alan J. Tepley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
The Pacific

Low Mortality of Larval Lampreys from Electrofishing, Suction-pumping, Anesthesia, and Handling

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
Christina T. Uh ◽  
Gregory S. Silver ◽  
Timothy A. Whitesel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Abstract Native lamprey populations are declining worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest focus on conservation and management of these ecologically and culturally important species has increased. Concern has emerged regarding the effects of sampling and handling of lamprey, with little to no attention given to the larval lifestage. We monitored the survival of larval Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. after backpack electrofishing, deepwater electrofishing and suction-pumping, anesthesia, and handling. We performed survival trials on wild-caught lamprey (n = 15 larvae in each trial) collected from the Clackamas River drainage in Oregon, USA, coupled with control group trials from lamprey sourced from a hatchery (n = 10 larvae). Short-term (96 h) survival was >98% with only one observed mortality. Delayed mortality (1 wk) was observed for four individuals that had fungus; two of those were positive for the bacteria Aeromonas hyrdrophila. We recorded blood hematocrit as a secondary measure of stress. The baseline, nonstressed larvae hematocrit levels did not differ from those of fish that had undergone stress through electrofishing, suction-pumping, and handling without anesthesia. Electrofishing, suction-pumping, and anesthesia showed no short-term negative effects on larval lamprey although potential long-term effects remain unstudied. These techniques appear to provide efficient and relatively safe methods for collecting and surveying larval lamprey.

Long-Term Effects of Tillage, Nitrogen, and Rainfall on Winter Wheat Yields in the Pacific Northwest

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Camara ◽  
W. A. Payne ◽  
P. E. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Economic Costs of Different Riparian Management Regulations in the Pacific Northwest

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Zobrist ◽  
Bruce R. Lippke
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Riparian Habitat ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Management Issues

Abstract Riparian management is an important consideration for sustainable wood production in the Pacific Northwest. Western Washington and Oregon have similar riparian management issues but different regulatory prescriptions. Application of these prescriptions to a sample of 10 small private ownerships illustrate some of the economic differences of each state's approach. Economic costs tend to be higher in Washington but can be significant in both states. Lower cost strategies through alternate plans may be important for protecting riparian habitat while ensuring the long-term economic viability of forestry in the region.

The Windgrasses(AperaAdans., Poaceae) in North America

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Northam ◽  
R. H. Callihan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Additional Control

Two introduced windgrass species have become crop weeds in North America. Common windgrass is a major weed of winter cereals in Europe and was first documented in North America in the early 1800s. It is a weed of roadsides and waste areas in the northeastern United States and in winter grain fields of southern Ontario and Michigan. Interrupted windgrass was first reported in North America approximately 90 yr ago; it is adapted to more arid sites than common windgrass and is distributed predominantly in the northwestern U.S.A. During the past 10 to 15 yr, interrupted windgrass has adversely affected winter grain and grass seed producers in the Pacific Northwest due to additional control costs.

scholarly journals Toward a better understanding of climate and human impacts on late Holocene fire regimes in the Pacific Northwest, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K Walsh ◽  
Haley J Duke ◽  
Kevin C Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Clackamas County ◽  
Study Sites

In order to fully appreciate the role that fire, both natural and anthropogenic, had in shaping pre-Euro-American settlement landscapes in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), it is necessary to develop a more robust method of evaluating paleofire reconstructions. Here we demonstrate an approach that includes the identification of charcoal morphotypes (i.e. visually distinct charcoal particles), and incorporates both paleoecological and archaeological data sets, to more specifically determine both the nature of past fire regimes (i.e. fuel type and fire severity) and the likely ignition source of those fires. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by reconstructing the late Holocene fire and vegetation histories of Lake Oswego (Clackamas County), Oregon, and Fish Lake (Okanogan County), Washington, using macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis of sediment cores. The histories were compared with climatic records from the PNW as well as archaeological, ethnographic, and historical records from the Lower Columbia River Valley and Southern Columbia Plateau cultural regions. Our results indicate that while centennial-to-millennial-scale climate change had limited influence on the fire regimes at the study sites during the past ∼3800 years, the use of fire by Native Americans for a variety of reasons, particularly after ca. 1200 calendar years before present (AD 750), had a far greater impact. Charcoal morphotype ratios also indicate that fires in the two watersheds were fundamentally different in their severity and impact, and led to major shifts in the forests and woodlands surrounding Lake Oswego, but helped maintain the ponderosa pine-dominated forest at Fish Lake. The elimination of fire from the two study sites during the past 100–300 years is likely the combined result of Euro-American contact and the arrival of disease in the PNW, as well as 20th-century fire suppression and grazing effects on fuel continuity, which has implications for future forest management and restoration efforts in the PNW.

Seven decades of stand development in mixed and pure stands of conifers and nitrogen-fixing red alder

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2274-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Binkley
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
The Past ◽  
River Site

Early insights on the effects of N2-fixing red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) on conifer forests came largely from two case studies dating from the 1920s at Wind River, Washington (low soil N), and Cascade Head, Oregon (high soil N). These classic experiments were remeasured after 70 years of stand development. The pure conifer stand at Wind River showed near-zero net increment in stem mass for the past 20 years, with stem mass remaining near 120 Mg/ha. Conifer stem mass in the mixed stand continued to increase at 4.5 Mg·ha–1·year–1, reaching 230 Mg/ha at age 72. The alder mass declined over this period from about 70 Mg/ha near age 50 to just 10 Mg/ha at age 72 as a result of increasing dominance of tall Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. The pure conifer plot at Cascade Head reached a stem mass of 600 Mg/ha at age 74 years compared with 312 Mg/ha in the mixed stand (conifers, 200 Mg/ha; alder, 112 Mg/ha) and 173 Mg/ha in the pure alder plot. The long-term impacts of alder appeared to remain very strong after seven decades, greatly increasing ecosystem productivity at the N-poor Wind River site and reducing productivity at the N-rich Cascade Head site.

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