Annual variation in fusiform rust infection of slash and loblolly pine seed lots in time-replicated plantings

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1537
Author(s):  
R. C. Froelich
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Location Family ◽  
High Hazard

Trees from two putatively fusiform rust resistant and two susceptible seed lots of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) were planted in 4 or 5 consecutive years at three locations in south Mississippi and examined annually for rust galls that originated the previous year. Disease incidence was usually less than 20% in the first growing season. Resistant and susceptible slash pine had light incidence of rust after about age 5. The susceptible lobloly pine often developed considerable numbers of branch galls after the fifth season, but most were several metres from the main stem of the trees. The resistant loblolly pine of Livingston Parish, Louisiana, never developed more than 23% infection in any 1 year in thirty 80-tree plots. The three remaining seed lots often exceeded 50% infection in some years, but differences among seed lots were usually small. Rankings of the four species seed lots or the six families that made up the resistant slash seed lot varied by trial (year planted and year infected). Replicating experiments in time on high-hazard sites for rust should better define occurrence and importance of location × family interactions.

Predicting Severity of Fusiform Rust in Young Loblolly and Slash Pine Stands in Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Anderson ◽  
Noel D. Cost ◽  
Joe P. McClure ◽  
George Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Know How ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Prevention Techniques ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Resource managers need to know how severe fusiform rust is likely to be before they plant southern pine seedlings in an area. The system described allows the manager to estimate the probability of having different amounts of rust infection in newly established stands. By selecting the geographic location of a stand, the species, and the type of regeneration, the manager can assess these probabilities. The system allows the user to compare the probabilities for slash and loblolly pine and to select prevention techniques, such as the use of resistant planting stock.

Stability of Rust Infection Ratios for Resistant and Susceptible Slash and Loblolly Pine Across Rust Hazard Levels

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hodge ◽  
T. L. White ◽  
R. A. Schmidt ◽  
J. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Hazard Levels ◽  
Forest Managers

Abstract Fusiform rust resistant and susceptible loblolly and slash pine (bulk mixes of six parents each) were planted at six locations. The ratio of resistant-to-susceptible seedlot infection in both species was stable across all levels of rust hazard across all locations. In other words, the percentage of infected trees in the resistant seedlot was essentially a constant fraction of the percent infection in the susceptible seedlot. The resistant-to-susceptible seedlot infection ratio was 0.225 for loblolly pine and 0.371 for slash pine. For slash pine, predicted breeding values for rust resistance were used to make an accurate prediction of this ratio. The pattern of constant proportional resistance of particular seedlots can be used by forest managers to make planting decisions and assess economic benefits of planting genetically improved material. The results suggest that resistant stock planted at any location will have less fusiform rust infection than would unimproved stock. South. J. Appl. For. 17(4):188-192.

scholarly journals Families of loblolly pine that are the most stable for resistance to fusiform rust are the least predictable

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E McKeand ◽  
H V Amerson ◽  
B Li ◽  
T J Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pathogen Populations

In an extensive series of trials with open-pollinated families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), resistance to fusiform rust disease (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) at individual test sites was relatively unpredictable for the families deemed most resistant. The most resistant families were also the most stable for performance across test sites, with stability defined as the slope of the regression of family means for rust infection versus site means for rust infection. A family's R-50 value (its predicted rust infection level when the site mean infection is 50%) was correlated to its stability parameter or slope (r = 0.78). On average, any one family's level of infection (% galled) was reasonably predictable for any given infection level at a given site; the average coefficient of determination (r2) was 0.78 for the regression of family means for rust infection versus site means for rust infection. However, the six most stable families for resistance had the lowest r2 values (average r2 = 0.58). We speculated that the lower predictability for the most resistant families was due to interactions of specific resistance genes in these families and corresponding avirulence and (or) virulence levels in the pathogen populations that may differ among sites. Although the predictability of the individual resistant families was relatively low, if these families were bulked into a resistant seed lot, they performed in a more predictable manner with r2 = 0.74 for the regression of the bulk mean versus site means. Bulks of four to six highly resistant families appeared to be a good solution to obtain stable and predictable performance across a range of sites.

Sewage Sludge Increases Early Growth and Decreases Fusiform Rust Infection of Nursery-Run and Rust-Resistant Loblolly Pine

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Stone ◽  
Harry R. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection

Abstract An intensively prepared site in a high-rust hazard area was fertilized with municipal sewage sludge to provide 300 or 600 lb/ac total nitrogen before planting nursery-run and fusiform rust-resistant seedlings. Rust-resistant seedlings had significantly greater first-year survival andsignificantly lower rust infection at age 6. The sludge treatments increased 6-year diameter and volume growth and decreased rust infection significantly; there were no differences between the two sludge levels. Sludge fertilization significantly increased average height, diameter, and stemvolume of the largest 300 trees/ac and has begun to stimulate crown class differentiation. The greater growth of the larger trees did not alter the proportion infected by rust. Results indicate that even in areas of high-rust hazard, intensive site preparation and sludge fertilization canincrease early growth and accelerate stand development of loblolly pine if rust-resistant stock is planted. South J. Appl. For. 13(2):68-71.

scholarly journals Comparison of Planted Loblolly and Slash Pine Performance in Southeast Texas

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
Gary D. Kronrad ◽  
Michael S. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Southeast Texas ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract The performance of young (less than 10 yr) loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine trees was compared on planted sites in southeast Texas. Performance was compared for: total tree height; tree diameter; height to live tree crown; tree volume index,; incidenceof fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme); crookedness of stems; and survival rates. For these young trees, slash pine tended to perform better in southeast Texas than loblolly pine in total tree height, tree diameter, stem size, height to first livebranch and stem straightness. However, loblolly pine was less susceptible to fusiform rust than slash pine, and its mortality rate was lower than slash pine. However, based on the performance of these young plantations, a recommendation on the preferred pine species to plant in southeast Texasmight be premature. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):26-31.

Estimating Fusiform Rust Losses in Five Southeast States

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Anderson ◽  
Joe P. McClure ◽  
Noel Cost ◽  
Robert J. Uhler
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
State Area

Abstract Annual losses to fusiform rust are estimated at over $35 million in the five States from Virginia to Florida. Losses were estimated by taking Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data on fusiform rust through a series of growth and yield equations and sawtimber quality loss projections. The result is a system that estimates cordwood and sawtimber losses by state for loblolly and slash pine in natural and planted stands. Each time a state is resurveyed by FIA, a new estimate of loss can be made. This system applied to a 5-state area also shows that about 8.8 million acres of the 24 million acres of slash and loblolly pine have at least 10 percent of the trees infected. South. J. Appl. For. 10:237-240, Nov. 1986.

scholarly journals Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas: 1969-1987

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
W. Thomas McGrath ◽  
Terry L. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Cronartium Quercuum ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Five surveys of pine plantations in East Texas over an 18-year period (1969-1987) indicated that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme Birdsall and Snow) infection rates have increased to current levels of about 50% on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and are continuing to increase on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to 10-15% levels. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):259-261.

Relation of Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Attack and Fusiform Rust Infection in Loblolly Pine Families

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. Hedden ◽  
Roger P. Belanger ◽  
Harry R. Powers ◽  
Thomas Miller
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between pine tip moth attack and fusiform rust infection was studied in a 12-year-old loblolly pine stand in Houston County, GA. Four pine families were selected for study, and 24 trees of each family were felled for evaluation. The lower 8 ft of each tree was cut into two 4-ft sections and split to reveal the pith. Each section was examined for evidence of pine tip moth attack and the presence of fusiform rust galls. The analysis revealed 476 tip moth attacks and 99 fusiform rust galls. Forty-six of the rust galls occurred at the same place as a tip moth attack. These results, when combined with those of previous studies, suggest that the control of the pine tip moth may reduce the incidence of fusiform rust. Growth and yield simulations and economic analyses indicate that insecticide treatment of loblolly pine for the combined control of the pine tip moth and the associated reduction in levels of fusiform rust infection may be potentially cost effective in stands managed for sawtimber, but not for pulpwood. South. J. Appl. For. 15(4):204-208.

Loblolly Pine Seed Sources Differ in Susceptibility to the Southern Pine Beetle in South Carolina

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Powers ◽  
R. P. Belanger ◽  
W. D. Pepper ◽  
F. L. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract In a planting near Aiken, SC, loblolly pine saplings from an eastern seed source were significantly more susceptible to the southern pine beetle (SPB) than were loblolly saplings from western seed sources. Two eastern sources of slash pine also resisted beetle attack. Study plots wereoriginally established to evaluate disease resistance and growth of fusiform rust resistant and susceptible seed lots. There was no relationship between stand characteristics or rust infection patterns and SPB damage. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):169-174

scholarly journals An Economic Evaluation of Fusiform Rust Protection Research

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Cubbage ◽  
John M. Pye ◽  
Thomas P. Holmes ◽  
John E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract Fusiform rust is a widespread and damaging disease of loblolly pine (P. taeda) and slash pine (P. elliottii) in the South. Research has identified families of these pines with improved genetic resistance to the disease, allowing production and planting of resistant seedlings in areas at risk. This study compared the cost of fusiform rust research to the simulated benefits of rust resistant seedlings in plantations that have been or are projected to be established Southwide between 1970 and 2020. Results showed that compounded fusiform rust research costs of $49 million in 1992 will return discounted benefits to plantation owners of between $l08 and $999 million in 1992, at a 4% real discount rate. The most probable targeting of rust resistant seedlings would provide estimated discounted benefits of fusiform rust protection of about $200 to $300 million in 1992, or annual discounted benefits of $40 to $60 million. This would generate benefit-cost ratios of about 4:1 to 6:1 for fusiform rust research. Currently anticipated improvements in resistance will not eliminate all physical and financial damages from the disease; simulation results indicate substantial financial benefits yet remain for additional research and development. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):77-85.

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