The role of climate on present and past vitality of silver fir forests in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Becker
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Vosges Mountains ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Verification Period ◽  
Northeastern France

A dendroecological study was carried out on 196 sites distributed throughout the whole natural range of silver fir (Abiesalba Miller) in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France. At each site, six dominant trees were bored to the pith. Stand age varied, intentionally, from 40 to 180 years. All tree rings were measured and crossdated; data were then standardized with reference to the mean curve ring width vs. cambial age. The growth indices obtained in this way were studied (setting aside the cambial age) and revealed a great increase in mean vigour from 1830 to 1930–1940 (+70%) and a slight decrease from 1930–1940 to the present (−10%). Using meteorological data from Strasbourg (monthly precipitation and temperature data available from 1881) and a stepwise multiple linear regression, a climatic model was created that explains 79% of the variance. This amount included not only the monthly parameters of years y (year of ring formation) and y − 1 in the model, but also the parameters of years y − 2 toy − 6. Thus, the notion of structural autocorrelation loses much of its credibility in comparison with the notion of climatic aftereffects. The statistical validation of the model distinguishes a calibration period (1881–1960) and a verification period (1961–1983). The model reconstructs the long-term trends satisfactorily, as well as periodic severe growth declines of silver fir in 1917–1923, 1943–1951, and 1976–1983. These phenomena are mainly explained by climatic factors. The possible aggravating role of air pollution is put forward, in particular, the role of the CO2 increases during the last century.

Effects of cambial age, clone and climatic factors on ring width and ring density in Norway spruce (Picea abies) in southeastern Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Zubizarreta-Gerendiain ◽  
Jaume Gort-Oromi ◽  
Lauri Mehtätalo ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Ari Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Cambial Age

Silver fir decline in the vosges mountains (France): Role of climate and silviculture

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Becker ◽  
Guy Landmann ◽  
G�rard L�vy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Fir ◽  
Vosges Mountains

Dendroclimatology and Dendroecology

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C. Fritts
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Tree Ring Data

Dendrochronology is the science of dating annual growth layers (rings) in woody plants. Two related subdisciplines are dendroclimatology and dendroecology. The former uses the information in dated rings to study problems of present and past climates, while the latter deals with changes in the local environment rather than regional climate.Successful applications of dendroclimatology and dendroecology depend upon careful stratification. Ring-width samples are selected from trees on limiting sites, where widths of growth layers vary greatly from one year to the next (sensitivity) and autocorrelation of the widths is not high. Rings also must be cross-dated and sufficiently replicated to provide precise dating. This selection and dating assures that the climatic information common to all trees, which is analogous to the “signal”, is large and properly placed in time. The random error or nonclimatic variations in growth, among trees, is analogous to “noise” and is reduced when ring-width indices are averaged for many trees.Some basic facts about the growth are presented along with a discussion of important physiological processes operating throughout the roots, stems, and leaves. Certain gradients associated with tree height, cambial age, and physiological activity control the size of the growth layers as they vary throughout the tree. These biological gradients interact with environmental variables and complicate the task of modeling the relationships linking growth with environment.Biological models are described for the relationships between variations in ring widths from conifers on arid sites, and variations in temperature and precpitation. These climatic factors may influence the tree at any time in the year. Conditions preceding the growing season sometimes have a greater influence on ring width than conditions during the growing season, and the relative effects of these factors on growth vary with latitude, altitude, and differences in factors of the site. The effects of some climatic factors on growth are negligible during certain times of the year, but important at other times. Climatic factors are sometimes directly related to growth and at other times are inversely related to growth. Statistical methods are described for ascertaining these differences in the climatic response of trees from different sites.A practical example is given of a tree-ring study and the mechanics are described for stratification and selection of tree-ring materials, for laboratory preparation, for cross-dating, and for computer processing. Several methods for calibration of the ring-width data with climatic variation are described. The most recent is multivariate analysis, which allows simultaneous calibration of a variety of tree-ring data representing different sites with a number of variables of climate.Several examples of applications of tree-ring analysis to problems of environment and climate are described. One is a specification from tree rings of anomalies in atmosphere circulation for a portion of the Northern Hemisphere since 1700 A.D. Another example treats and specifies past conditions in terms of conditional probabilities. Other methods of comparing present climate with past climate are described along with new developments in reconstructing past hydrologic conditions from tree rings.Tree-ring studies will be applied in the future to problems of temperate and mesic environments, and to problems of physiological, genetic, and anatomical variations within and among trees. New developments in the use of X-ray techniques will facilitate the measurement and study of cell size and cell density. Tree rings are an important source of information on productivity and dry-matter accumulation at various sites. Some tree-ring studies will deal with environmental pollution. Statistical developments will improve estimation of certain past anomalies in weather factors and the reconstructtion of atmosphere circulation associated with climate variability and change. Such information should improve chances for measuring and assessing the possibility of inadvertent modification of climate by man.

scholarly journals The long-term effects of climatic factors on radial growth of downy birch (Betula pubescens) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) in East Iceland

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Nandini Hannak ◽  
Ólafur Eggertsson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Betula Pubescens ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Downy Birch

The aim of this study was to investigate the tree-ring growth of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in Ranaskógur, a forest in East Iceland, and to determine its response to climate factors during the past century. Tree-core samples were collected in September 2018 and from those a tree-ring width (TRW) chronology and a standardized tree-ring index (TRI) chronology were produced. A statistical analysis between the chronologies and monthly mean temperatures and total monthly precipitation was carried out. The study found that both species had similar radial growth during the past century. The growth of birch responded significantly positively to June and July temperatures, while rowan responded significantly positively to July and August temperatures. The growth of neither species was significantly affected by precipitation across the whole period. However, in the 1940s to early 1960s, rowan growth correlated significantly with June precipitation, and birch with April and May precipitation.

scholarly journals Tree ring growth as a response of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from Rudnik Forest District to climatic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Monika Tomczyk-Kida ◽  
Grzegorz B. Durło ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Site Chronology ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forest District

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from the Rudnik Forest District on the selected meteorological elements and to develop a chronology of local tree-ring width and the annual sensitivity. Based on the analysis, the site chronology of silver fir was developed and the strength of the relationship between the climate components and the width of annual rings was calculated. In addition, we examined the degree of homogeneity of short-term incremental response, rated the representativeness of the chronology and climate signal strength. Having analysed the indicator years, namely 1932–2013, we concluded that the growth of firs was positively influenced mainly by air temperature in winter, and to a lesser extent, by precipitation in spring and summer. The main factors that limit its growth are cold winters, cool and low rainfall summers, and rainy springs.

scholarly journals Understanding the Representativeness of Tree Rings and Their Carbon Isotopes in Characterizing the Climate Signal of Tajikistan

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Yuting Fan ◽  
Huaming Shang ◽  
Shulong Yu ◽  
Ye Wu ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Climate Signal

The juniper tree forest is a critical component of the carbon, water, and energy cycles of Tajikistan. However, to date, long-term information about tree-ring isotopes is limited in this region. Here, we developed tree-ring width (TRW) and tree-ring 13C chronologies for juniper trees (Juniperus seravschanica (Juniperus excelsa subsp.polycarpos (K. Koch) Takht.) and Juniperus turkestanica (Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. & C. A. Mey)) and investigated their dendroclimatic signals in the northwest of the Pamir-Alay (NWPA) mountains in Tajikistan. Tree-ring ∆13C and TRW of juniper presented different sensitivities to monthly precipitation. Moreover, ∆13C in juniper showed consistently significant relationships with climatic factors in larger seasonal windows than TRW did. Dendroclimatological analysis demonstrates that precipitation has significant effects on tree growth and isotope enrichment. Late summer to early winter temperature is one limiting factor for the TRW chronologies, but previous spring, summer, and autumn temperature and precipitation from the previous July to the current May were the dominant climatic factors accounting for inter-annual variations in the ∆13C chronologies. This verified that the multi tree-ring parameters of juniper in Tajikistan are a promising tool for investigating inter-annual climate variations. Furthermore, the stable carbon isotopes of tree rings have proven to be powerful evidence of climatic signals. The moisture-sensitive tree-ring isotope provides opportunities for complex investigations of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and timing of seasonal rainfall. Our results highlight the need for more detailed studies of tree growth responses to changing climate and tree-ring isotopes to understand source water variations (especially baseflow) of the juniper tree forest.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Tree-Ring Growths of Pinus densiflora and Climate from Three Mountains in Central Region, the Republic of Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Chang-Hyun Park ◽  
Ui-Cheon Lee ◽  
Soo-Chul Kim ◽  
Kwang-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

To analyze the relationship between climatic factors (monthly mean temperature and total precipitation) and tree-ring growths of Pinus densiflora from the central region of the Republic of Korea, more than 20 trees were sampled from three national parks. The tree-ring chronology of Mt. Bukhan covering the period of 1917–2016 was assessed, as well as that of Mt. Seorak across 1687–2017 and Mt. Worak across 1777–2017. After cross-dating, each ring-width series was double-standardized by first fitting a logarithmic curve and then a 50 year cubic spline. Climate-growth relationships were computed with bootstrap correlation functions. The result of the analysis showed a positive response from the current March temperature and May precipitations for tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora. It indicates that a higher temperature supply during early spring season and precipitation during cambium activity are important for radial growths of Pinus densiflora from the central region in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of the literature on climate change and migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Michel Beine ◽  
Lionel Jeusette
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Recent surveys of the literature on climate change and migration emphasize the important diversity of outcomes and approaches of the empirical studies. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis in order to investigate the role of the methodological choices of these empirical studies in finding some particular results concerning the role of climatic factors as drivers of human mobility. We code 51 papers representative of the literature in terms of methodological approaches. This results in the coding of more than 85 variables capturing the methodology of the main dimensions of the analysis at the regression level. These dimensions include authors' reputation, type of mobility, measures of mobility, type of data, context of the study, econometric methods, and last but not least measures of the climatic factors. We look at the influence of these characteristics on the probability of finding any effect of climate change, a displacement effect, an increase in immobility, and evidence in favor of a direct vs. an indirect effect. Our results highlight the role of some important methodological choices, such as the frequency of the data on mobility, the level of development, the measures of human mobility and of the climatic factors as well as the econometric methodology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Distributed Streamflow Forecast Model at Multiple Watershed Scales

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Tyler Madsen ◽  
Kristie Franz ◽  
Terri Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Distributed Hydrologic Model ◽  
Verification Period ◽  
Silver Spring

Demand for reliable estimates of streamflow has increased as society becomes more susceptible to climatic extremes such as droughts and flooding, especially at small scales where local population centers and infrastructure can be affected by rapidly occurring events. In the current study, the Hydrology Laboratory-Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) (NOAA/NWS, Silver Spring, MD, USA) was used to explore the accuracy of a distributed hydrologic model to simulate discharge at watershed scales ranging from 20 to 2500 km2. The model was calibrated and validated using observed discharge data at the basin outlets, and discharge at uncalibrated subbasin locations was evaluated. Two precipitation products with nominal spatial resolutions of 12.5 km and 4 km were tested to characterize the role of input resolution on the discharge simulations. In general, model performance decreased as basin size decreased. When sub-basin area was less than 250 km2 or 20–40% of the total watershed area, model performance dropped below the defined acceptable levels. Simulations forced with the lower resolution precipitation product had better model evaluation statistics; for example, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) scores ranged from 0.50 to 0.67 for the verification period for basin outlets, compared to scores that ranged from 0.33 to 0.52 for the higher spatial resolution forcing.

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