Climate sensitivity of wood-anatomical features in a ring-porous oak (Quercusmacrocarpa)

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Bur Oak ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Anatomical characters of the early- and late-wood of individuals of a ring-porous oak (bur oak, Quercusmacrocarpa Michx.) growing in southeastern Nebraska display sensitivity to yearly variations in precipitation. Characteristics of the latewood increment (latewood vessel diameter and density) are closely related to ring width, with vessel diameter varying directly and vessel density varying inversely with ring width. Various analyses indicate that ring width appears to be a less direct climatic indicator than latewood vessel diameter in these trees. A regression equation incorporating latewood vessel diameter is used successfully to reconstruct precipitation over a 9-month period (October–June).

Effects of elevated CO2 and different nutrient supplies on wood structure of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and gray poplar (Populus × canescens)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Lotfiomran ◽  
Jörg Fromm ◽  
Gerrit A. Luinstra
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Lumen Area ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Annual Growth Rings

Anatomical responses and annual ring-width of beech and poplar saplings were studied under elevated CO2-concentrations (770/950 ppm) with different nu-trient supplies during two growth periods. At the end of each growth season, saplings were harvested and stem vessel characteristics as well as annual growth-rings were analysed. In both study years, elevated CO2 caused a significant increase in ring width (RW) of beech but not of poplar. However, fertilization increased RW in poplar saplings. In beech total vessel lumen area (TVLA) and vessel density (VD) increased under elevated CO2 and both parameters decreased by fertilization. Poplar saplings grown under elevated CO2 had significantly larger vessels as well as TVLA while fertilization induced reduction in average vessel lumen area (AVLA) and TVLA. Vessel density of poplar showed no significant response to different growth conditions. Altogether, the effects of elevated CO2 and fertilization on anatomical features were independent of each other.

scholarly journals Variations in Wood Density, Annual Ring Width and Vessel Properties of Quercus brantii Affected by Crown Dieback

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Forough Soheili ◽  
Stephen Woodward ◽  
Isaac Almasi ◽  
Hazandy Abdul-Hamid ◽  
Hamid R. Naji
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Quercus Brantii ◽  
Crown Dieback

Tree decline due to climate change results in physiological weaknesses, attacks by harmful pests and pathogens and threats to forest ecosystem stability. In the work described here, the effects of drought on wood density, tree ring width and variations in vessel morphology are investigated in Persian oak (Quercus brantii) in the forest of the Zagros Mountains, Ilam Province, western Iran. Discs are cut from trunks of declined and healthy trees and woodblocks are cut radially from the sapwood near the bark, at a mid-point between the vascular cambium and the pith (middle) and from wood near the pith. Observations are made on transverse sections from the blocks using microscopy. In trees with decline symptoms, wood density is greater than in healthy trees. Furthermore, declining trees have the narrowest ring width, reduced vessel diameter and area and the highest numbers of vessels and tylose in pith towards the bark. It is concluded that changes in anatomical features are associated with the weakening of trees and are components of declining tree health.

The Effect of Carbonization on wood Structure of Dalbergia Violacea, Stryphnodendron Polyphyllum, Tapirira Guianensis, Vochysia Tucanorum, and Pouteria Torta from the Brazilian Cerrado

IAWA Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís A.P. Gonçalves ◽  
Carmen R. Marcati ◽  
Rita Scheel-Ybert
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Charred Wood

Brazil is the world’s largest producer of charcoal and a great part of this material still comes from native forests – especially from the cerrado biome, which is highly impacted by anthropogenic degradation. The need to control charcoal production increases the demand of charcoal identification, but there is little information about the anatomical modifications due to carbonization. In this paper, fresh and charred wood samples from five Brazilian species were analyzed (Dalbergia violacea, Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Tapirira guianensis, Vochysia tucanorum, and Pouteria torta). Anatomical characters were described and measurements of the main anatomical features of wood and charcoal were statistically compared. Minor modifications were observed: reduction of tangential vessel diameter was the most evident change after carbonization; shrinkage of rays (in width) occurred only in some individuals. The present study supports the identification of charred woods, hopefully contributing to the control of charcoal production, and to palaeoenvironmental and archaeobotanical studies.

scholarly journals Use of morphological and anatomical characters to delimit varieties of Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (Rhamnaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Saleem E. Shahbaz ◽  
Nazar M. Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Introduction: Paliurus spina-christi Mill is a species with two varieties namely Paliurus spina-christi L. var. spina-christi and Paliurus spina-christivar. macrocarpa Beck native to mountains of Kurdistan, rarely growing in the upper plains of northern Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 plants from different parts of Kurdistan region were sampled. 30measurements for each characters of Leaf, Inflorescence, Flowers, Fruit, seeds, and leaf anatomical characters were measured for comparison between the two varieties. Results and Discussion: Fruit diameter of var. macrocarpa is significantly larger than fruit diameter of var. spina-christi. Most mean flower parts especially the ovary, in addition to seed size is larger in var. macrocarpa. Upper epidermal layer is always thicker than the lower epidermal layer for the same blade. The isobilateral mesophyll includes 2 layers of long palisade cells adaxially and 2-3 layers of short cells abaxially. Many vascular bundles are seen equally spaced in the mesophyll tissue.With the exception of the presence of simple hairs on the petiole adaxial side of the var. spina-cristi and the absence of these hairs from the same site of var. macrocarpa, all other anatomical features are considered to be of no taxonomic application. Stomatal density of the adaxial leaf side is up to 19 stomata per mm² in var. spina-christi while it is up to 38 stomata per mm² in var. macrocarpa. Conclusions: Both fruit diameter and the stomatal density of the adaxial leaf side constitute diagnostic characters for separating between the two varieties of Paliurus spina-christi Mill

scholarly journals Zuwachs und Klimasensitivität von Baumarten im Ökogramm der kollinen und submontanen Stufe

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Weber ◽  
Caroline Heiri ◽  
Mathieu Lévesque ◽  
Tanja Sanders ◽  
Volodymyr Trotsiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Mean Sensitivity

Growth potential and climate sensitivity of tree species in the ecogram for the colline and submontane zone In forestry practice a large amount of empirical knowledge exists about the productivity of individual tree species in relation to site properties. However, so far, only few scientific studies have investigated the influence of soil properties on the growth potential of various tree species along gradients of soil water as well as nutrient availability. Thus, there is a research gap to estimate the productivity and climate sensitivity of tree species under climate change, especially regarding productive sites and forest ad-mixtures in the lower elevations. Using what we call a «growth ecogram», we demonstrate species- and site-specific patterns of mean annual basal area increment and mean sensitivity of ring width (strength of year-to-year variation) for Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris, based on tree-ring data from 508 (co-)dominant trees on 27 locations. For beech, annual basal area increment ( average 1957–2006) was significantly correlated with tree height of the dominant sampling trees and proved itself as a possible alternative for assessing site quality. The fact that dominant trees of the different tree species showed partly similar growth potential within the same ecotype indicates comparable growth limitation by site conditions. Mean sensitivity of ring width – a measure of climate sensitivity – had decreased for oak and ash, while it had increased in pine. Beech showed diverging reactions with increasing sensitivity at productive sites (as measured by the C:N ratio of the topsoil), suggesting an increasing limitation by climate at these sites. Hence, we derive an important role of soil properties in the response of forests to climate change at lower elevations, which should be taken into account when estimating future forest productivity.

scholarly journals The genus Plesiophysa, with a redescription of P. ornata (Haas, 1938) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. PARAENSE
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Taxonomic Relation ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Espirito Santo

A redescription of conchological and anatomical characters of the planorbid mollusc Plesiophysa ornata (Haas, 1938) is presented, based on topotypic material and specimens from 14 additional localities in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. Due to the close similarity of their shells, a sure discrimination of the five species of Plesiophysa described so far (P. pilsbryi, P. granulata, P. guadeloupensis, P. ornata and P. hubendicki) is only possible through their anatomical features. The present study points to the high probability of synonymy of P. hubendicki with P. ornata. Investigations on the anatomy of P. pilsbryi and P. guadeloupensis are needed to define their taxonomic relation with the other nominal species.

scholarly journals Xylem anatomy needs to change, so that conductivity can stay the same: xylem adjustments across elevation and latitude in Nothofagus pumilio

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1112
Author(s):  
Ana I García-Cervigón ◽  
Alex Fajardo ◽  
Cristina Caetano-Sánchez ◽  
J Julio Camarero ◽  
José Miguel Olano
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diameter Distributions

Abstract Background and Aims Plants have the potential to adjust the configuration of their hydraulic system to maintain its function across spatial and temporal gradients. Species with wide environmental niches provide an ideal framework to assess intraspecific xylem adjustments to contrasting climates. We aimed to assess how xylem structure in the widespread species Nothofagus pumilio varies across combined gradients of temperature and moisture, and to what extent within-individual variation contributes to population responses across environmental gradients. Methods We characterized xylem configuration in branches of N. pumilio trees at five sites across an 18° latitudinal gradient in the Chilean Andes, sampling at four elevations per site. We measured vessel area, vessel density and the degree of vessel grouping. We also obtained vessel diameter distributions and estimated the xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity. Xylem traits were studied in the last five growth rings to account for within-individual variation. Key Results Xylem traits responded to changes in temperature and moisture, but also to their combination. Reductions in vessel diameter and increases in vessel density suggested increased safety levels with lower temperatures at higher elevation. Vessel grouping also increased under cold and dry conditions, but changes in vessel diameter distributions across the elevational gradient were site-specific. Interestingly, the estimated xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity remained constant across elevation and latitude, and an overwhelming proportion of the variance of xylem traits was due to within-individual responses to year-to-year climatic fluctuations, rather than to site conditions. Conclusions Despite conspicuous adjustments, xylem traits were coordinated to maintain a constant hydraulic function under a wide range of conditions. This, combined with the within-individual capacity for responding to year-to-year climatic variations, may have the potential to increase forest resilience against future environmental changes.

Pollen morphology and anatomical features of Lilium (Liliaceae) taxa from Turkey

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seher Güven ◽  
Seda Okur ◽  
Mine Demırel ◽  
Kamil Coskuncelebi ◽  
Serdar Makbul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
First Report ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Anatomical Characters

AbstractIn this study, pollen grains and anatomical features of Turkish lilies were investigated under the electron (SEM) and light (LM) microscope. LM and SEM observations showed that the pollen grains are monosulcate, heteropolar, elliptical in polar view and oblate. Numerical results based on combined palynological and anatomical characters were discussed and compared with traditional taxonomic treatments. It was found that the midrib shape, mesophyll type, P/E (polar/equatorial), sulcus length, and lumina width are the most valuable traits in separating the examined taxa. The numerical analysis showed that Lilium candidum L. differs from the rest Turkish Lilium and also confirmed a close relationship between L. szovitsianum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. and L. armenum Miscz. ex Grossh. Also this study is the first report dealing with anatomical and palynological features of all Turkish lilies.

Beginnings of Olive Cultivation in Eastern Spain in Relation to Holocene Bioclimatic Changes

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Frederic Terral ◽  
Genevieve Arnold-Simard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Neolithic Age ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Wild Olive

Morphometric analyses show quantitative differences in anatomical characters of wood and charcoal between wild and cultivated olive. Samples from modern olive wood in eastern Spain (Levante) provide five distinctive anatomical criteria: growth width ring, vessel surface, number of vessels per group, vessel density, and vulnerability ratio. Multivariate analysis shows that growth ring width and number of vessels per group are both significant criteria for discriminating between wild and cultivated olive. Moreover, bioclimatic environments of wild olive (thermomediterranean and mesomediterranean stages) are distinguished by vessel density. Ancient olive charcoal from archaeological sites at Valencia and Alicante implies increasing aridification from the Cardial Neolithic to the Roman Period. This pattern may reflect the onset of a Mediterranean climate and human deforestation. Charcoal from cultivated specimens of early Neolithic age shows that the olive tree is the earliest cultivated temperate fruit.

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