Temporal changes in tissue water relations of seedlings of Quercusacutissima, Q. alba, and Q. stellata subjected to chronic water stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Won Kwon ◽  
Stephen G. Pallardy
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Period Increase ◽  
Solute Accumulation

In a greenhouse experiment, seedlings of Quercusacutissima, Quercusalba, and Quercusstellata were subjected to several lengthy drying cycles or were kept well watered. Three times during the 94-day experiment, samples were obtained for pressure–volume analysis of leaves so that tissue water relations responses to long-term water stress could be assessed. There was a general temporal decline in osmotic potential at full turgor (ψπ0) and at the turgor loss point (ψπp) for well-watered seedlings of all species. In water-stressed seedlings, ψπ0 declined from the first (pre-stress) to second sample dates, but then showed a subsequent increase from the second to third sample dates. Despite this increase in ψπ0, ψπp declined in the latter part of the experiment in water-stressed seedlings because of substantial increases in tissue elasticity. The late-period increase in ψπ0 in water-stressed plants was attributable to declines in solute levels and not to increased osmotic volume, as the latter showed a distinct decrease over the experiment. Although slight reductions in ψπp for water-stressed plants compared with values for well-watered plants were noted for Q. acutissima and Q. alba at the second sample date of the experiment, these differences were not significant. By the experiment's end, ψπp values for plants of both treatments were similar for all species. These results indicate that there is a limit to the capacity for solute accumulation under chronic water stress in Quercus, but that compensatory responses of tissue elastic properties may offset this influence.

Tissue water relations of Pinusponderosa and Arctostaphylospatula exposed to various levels of soil moisture depletion

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Anderson ◽  
John A. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The tissue water relations of Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws, (ponderosa pine) and Arctostaphylospatula Greene (greenleaf manzanita) seedlings subjected to three levels of soil moisture availability were monitored over a 6-month period. Throughout the study, osmotic potentials at full turgor and at the turgor loss point were approximately 0.5 MPa greater for pine than for manzanita. Osmotic adjustment occurred for both species as evidenced by declines in osmotic potentials at full turgor and at the turgor loss point of 0.5–0.6 MPa over the study period. Pine maintained higher bulk tissue elasticity and lower water content at the turgor loss point relative to manzanita. Moisture regime had little effect on the measured parameters except for apoplasmic water content which increased at moderate and high stress levels for both species. Results suggest that osmotic adjustment occurred, at least partially, as a result of factors other than moisture availability. The lower tissue elasticity and higher water content at the turgor loss point for manzanita suggest that the shrub species is more dependent upon high foliar water content for the maintenance of turgor compared with the conifer.

Leaf and root osmotic adjustment in drought-stressed Quercusalba, Q. macrocarpa, and Q. stellata seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Parker ◽  
Stephen G. Pallardy
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Water

The leaf and root tissue water relations of Quercusalba L., Quercusmacrocarpa Michx., and Quercusstellata Wang. seedlings before and after drought were examined to evaluate the occurrence and comparative extent of osmotic adjustment in seedlings of these species. Drought resulted in active osmotic adjustment in leaves of all three species, with decreases in osmotic potential at full tissue hydration and at the turgor loss point from 0.25 to 0.60 MPa. Active osmotic adjustment in Q. stellata, and increased root tissue elasticity in Q. macrocarpa and Q. alba, resulted in turgor loss of roots occurring at a water potential 0.36 to 0.66 MPa lower in drought-stressed than in well-watered seedlings. Species differed in tissue water relations only before drought, with Q. stellata exhibiting lower osmotic potentials than Q. alba and Q. macrocarpa. Estimates of the osmotic potential at full saturation were generally lower in leaves than in roots, but the osmotic potential at turgor loss was similar. Roots exhibited turgor loss at lower values of relative water content and experienced a more gradual decrease in water potential per unit water content during dehydration than did leaves. This response indicates greater relative tissue capacitance in roots than in leaves in these species.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE DROUGHT RESISTANCE AMONG SIX BIRCH (BETULA) SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143f-1143
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
R.E. Bir ◽  
W.A. Skroch
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Response To Water

In order to evaluate and compare adaptability to dry sites, plant water relations and leaf gas exchange were compared in response to water stress among six birch species: monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana), river birch (B. nigra), paper birch (B. papyrifera), European birch (B. pendula), `Whitespire' Japanese birch (B. platyphylla var. japonica `Whitespire'), and gray birch (B. pendula). After 28 days without irrigation, Japanese birch maintained significantly higher stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (Pn) than did any of the other species, despite having one of the lowest mid-day water potentials. Evaluation of tissue water relations, using pressure-volume methodology, showed no evidence of osmotic adjustment for any of these species in response to water stress. However, there was substantial variation among species in the water potential at the turgor loss point; varying from a high of -1.34 MPa for river birch to a low of -1.78 MPa for Japanese birch. Rates of Pn and gs under mild stress (mean predawn leaf water potential of -0.61 MPa) were negatively correlated with leaf osmotic potential at full turgor and the leaf water potential at the turgor loss point.

scholarly journals PLANT WATER RELATIONS OF ARTEMISIA CANA AND AGROPYRON INTERMEDIUM DURING AND AFTER WATER STRESS PRECONDITIONING

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 743f-744
Author(s):  
Jerriann Ernstsen ◽  
Larry Rupp ◽  
Ray Brown
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Agropyron Intermedium ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Solute Accumulation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Dry Down

Typically, dormant seedlings are transplanted when revegetating disturbed lands to prevent transplant shock triggered by water stress. It may be possible to transplant nondormant seedlings by inducing drought-tolerant acclimation responses such as solute accumulation. Artemisia cana and Agropyron intermedium seedlings were subjected to three different water stress preconditioning treatments. After conditioning, seedlings were dried down in their containers until leaf senescence, or were transplanted to disturbed land sites. Leaf water potential components and relative water content were measured. Following treatments, water relations parameters of preconditioned seedlings were not markedly different from controls in either species. At the end of the final dry-down, water stress preconditioning had not induced active or passive solute accumulation, prolonged leaf survival during lethal drought conditions, or differences in transplant survival under the experimental conditions of this study.

Facing drought in a Mediterranean post-fire community: tissue water relations in species with different life traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Borghetti ◽  
F. Magnani ◽  
A. Fabrizio ◽  
A. Saracino
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Life Traits

Improving potato drought tolerance through the induction of long-term water stress memory

Plant Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Ramírez ◽  
J.L. Rolando ◽  
W. Yactayo ◽  
P. Monneveux ◽  
V. Mares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Memory

scholarly journals THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF SUGAR CANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM): A REVIEW

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. V. CARR ◽  
J. W. KNOX
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Technology Choice

SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation needs of sugar cane are collated and summarized in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to irrigation practices. Background information on the centres of production of sugar cane is followed by reviews of (1) crop development, including roots; (2) plant water relations; (3) crop water requirements; (4) water productivity; (5) irrigation systems and (6) irrigation scheduling. The majority of the recent research published in the international literature has been conducted in Australia and southern Africa. Leaf/stem extension is a more sensitive indicator of the onset of water stress than stomatal conductance or photosynthesis. Possible mechanisms by which cultivars differ in their responses to drought have been described. Roots extend in depth at rates of 5–18 mm d−1 reaching maximum depths of > 4 m in ca. 300 d providing there are no physical restrictions. The Penman-Monteith equation and the USWB Class A pan both give good estimates of reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). The corresponding values for the crop coefficient (Kc) are 0.4 (initial stage), 1.25 (peak season) and 0.75 (drying off phase). On an annual basis, the total water-use (ETc) is in the range 1100–1800 mm, with peak daily rates of 6–15 mm d−1. There is a linear relationship between cane/sucrose yields and actual evapotranspiration (ETc) over the season, with slopes of about 100 (cane) and 13 (sugar) kg (ha mm)−1 (but variable). Water stress during tillering need not result in a loss in yield because of compensatory growth on re-watering. Water can be withheld prior to harvest for periods of time up to the equivalent of twice the depth of available water in the root zone. As alternatives to traditional furrow irrigation, drag-line sprinklers and centre pivots have several advantages, such as allowing the application of small quantities of water at frequent intervals. Drip irrigation should only be contemplated when there are well-organized management systems in place. Methods for scheduling irrigation are summarized and the reasons for their limited uptake considered. In conclusion, the ‘drivers for change’, including the need for improved environmental protection, influencing technology choice if irrigated sugar cane production is to be sustainable are summarized.

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