Origin of the phosphorus deficiency observed in declining sugar maple stands in the Quebec Appalachians

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Paré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Available P ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Pools

To investigate the origin of the phosphorus (P) deficiency previously observed in declining sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) in several sites of the Quebec Appalachians, soils originating from 10 maple stands with foliar P concentrations ranging from 0.85 to 2.36 mg • g−1 were subjected to the following analyses: the chemical composition and P pools of L and F horizons, as well as pH, total nitrogen (N), exchangeable cations, total organic and inorganic P, P reserves fractionated according to their availability, and extractable iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) of Ah (or H) and B horizons. The number of root tips per unit volume of soil was measured at 0–15 cm depth. Foliar P concentrations were positively correlated with P concentrations and P pools of L and F horizons, with the contents of readily available P fractions of the Ah or H horizon, and with the number of root tips to 15 cm depth. In contrast, foliar P concentrations and the available P fractions of the Ah or H horizon were negatively correlated with pH, with total P reserves, and with the concentrations of extractable Fe and Al and amorphous inorganic Fe of this horizon. The characteristics of the B horizon had little effect on P nutrition. It is concluded that under the conditions now prevailing in the Quebec Appalachians, the nature of the humus form may have a major influence on P nutrition of trees. Stands growing on soils with a moderately acid Ah horizon (mull) exhibited low foliar P concentrations, while those growing on soils associated with a mor humus had adequate P nutrition. A hypothesis is presented that may explain these unusual observations.

Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

Phosphate Uptake by Spirodela and Lemna during Early Phosphorus Deficiency

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
I.R McPharlin ◽  
R.L Bieleski
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
First Order ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Spirodela Oligorrhiza

Growth, internal P concentration and Pi uptake was investigated in sterile cultures of Spirodela oligorrhiza (Kurz) Hegelm. and Lemna major L. plants during early P-deficiency. Within 12 h of transfer to a P-deficient medium, Pi uptake rates by P-deficient (- P) plants were enhanced 30-120% compared with P adequate (+ P) controls at 1-1000 �M external [Pi]. The enhancement in Pi uptake rates with P-deficiency normally preceded, and was more pronounced than, other effects of P-deficiency such as reduced growth, reduced internal [P] and appearance of visual symptoms. Enhanced Pi uptake rates in - P compared with +P plants resupplied with Pi was more closely correlated with a fall in the internal [Pi] (r = -0.93 to -0.98) than with a fall in the concentration of three other P fractions (i.e. ester P, lipid P, and residual P). The role of tissue [Pi] in Spirodela and Lemna plants as a possible determinant of Pi uptake rates is discussed. Kinetic analysis showed that enhanced Pi uptake in -P compared with + P plants resupplied with Pi was the result of a 2-4-fold increase in V*max of two first- order systems and not by an increased affinity (i.e. reduced K*m) of the carrier for the phosphate ion.

Osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus deficiency in beef cattle grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110258
Author(s):  
Carlos O. Schild ◽  
Fabiana M. Boabaid ◽  
Luiz G.S. Olivera ◽  
Mizael Machado ◽  
Ana Vildoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Total P

We investigated 2 outbreaks of osteomalacia as a result of phosphorus (P) deficiency in herds of lactating beef cows grazing subtropical native pastures in Uruguay. Cows exhibited pica, difficulty to stand and walk, rib fractures, and body weight loss even with adequate forage availability. Osteopenia and severe osteomalacia were observed on gross and histologic examination. The concentrations of bicarbonate-extractable P in soil (4.0, 4.1 mg P/kg), total P in pasture (0.9, 1.1 g P/kg), inorganic P in serum (1.0, 0.71 mmol P/L), and P in bone (73 mg P/mL) were all low. Although injectable and mineral salt supplements provided additional P in both outbreaks, these supplementary amounts were insufficient to prevent P deficiency. The P ingested by the cows from the pasture and supplements would have provided 20–55% of their daily P requirements of ~21 g P/d. Osteomalacia occurred in cattle at the 2 ranches as a result of severe P deficiency in the soil and forage, and inadequate P supplementation. Following diagnosis, control of P deficiency in beef cattle requires estimation of the amount of pasture P ingested and provision of sufficient additional supplementary P to meet the animals’ requirements.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns of Phosphorus Fractions in Soils of Temperate Forest Ecosystems with Silicate Parent Material

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Werner ◽  
Tilman René de la Haye ◽  
Sandra Spielvogel ◽  
Jörg Prietzel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
P Distribution

Abstract. The stage of pedogenesis is a crucial indicator describing phosphorus (P) distribution, but also governing spatial P distribution patterns. Here, we assessed spatial patterns of P fractions and major P binding partners (e.g. organic C, pedogenic Fe and Al minerals) in a geosequence to describe spatial and pedogenetic changes of P distribution and to identify mechanisms for these changes. We found, that the distribution of total P was generally best matched by the distribution pattern of organic P, both showing decreasing content from the top- to the subsoil. Inorganic P was mainly ascribed as bound in unweathered rock at all sites, but with decreasing importance in later stages of pedogenesis. The pedogenetically young soil at Bad Brückenau also showed adsorbed inorganic P in the topsoil, probably due to high mineralization of organic P. Soil organic matter (SOM)-sesquioxide-complexes, as well as Al and Fe oxyhydroxides were identified as main binding partners of organic P at all stages of pedogenesis. With depth, the correlations of various P fractions with SOM decreased, whereas those with pedogenic Fe and Al oxyhydroxides increased. The change of sorbent is due to the mobilization of first Al, and in later stages of pedogenesis, of Fe in the topsoil. Both metals and its oxyhydroxides (Al(OH)i, Fe(OH)i) probably formed strong complexes with SOM and therefore retained P in the pedon. Due to the heterogeneous P distribution, our results suggest a differing ecosystem P nutrition strategy at each of our sites: from acquiring inorganic P from weathered primary rock to minimizing loss of organic P by recycling. We argue that even in early stages of pedogenesis, P recycling is a major driver of ecosystem P nutrition, however not as important as in later stages. We conclude that the stage of pedogenesis in silicate soils, as e.g. visible in degree and state of podzolization, serves as predictor for plant and microbial P nutritional strategies.

Changes in phosphorus fractions at various soil depths following long-term P fertiliser application on a Black Vertosol from south-eastern Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
D. W. Lester ◽  
C. N. Guppy ◽  
P. V. Lockwood ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Total P

Long-term removal of grain P and soil test data suggested that the Colwell phosphorus (P) extraction from the surface 0.10 m of a Black Vertosol from south-eastern Queensland was a poor indicator of run-down of soil P pools. We proposed that plants were also accessing P from layers below 0.10 m or from surface soil P pools not extracted by the Colwell extraction. Both topsoil and subsoil samples in 1994 and 2003 were collected from nil and 20 kg P/ha per crop treatments in a long-term N × P field experiment established in 1985 for detailed P fractionation. An uncropped reference soil was also taken in 2003 from an adjacent area. The long-term effect of the field treatments on soil P fractions was evaluated by comparing the reference site, which was assumed to represent the original soil condition, to the 2003 samples. Without addition of P fertiliser, 55%, 35%, and 10% of total P removal were from 0 to 0.10, 0.10 to 0.30, and 0.30 to 0.60 m, respectively, compared with the uncropped reference soil. Labile fractions comprising resin, bicarbonate, and hydroxide pools in the top 0.10 m decreased by approximately 60% and accounted for 15% of the total P decrease from 0 to 0.60 m depth. Acid and residual-P fractions decreased by 50% and 20%, respectively, and accounted for ~20% and 15% of the total P decrease. In contrast, P addition at 20 kg P/ha per crop over 18 crops doubled the resin and bicarbonate inorganic P (NaHCO3-Pi) pools in the surface 0.10 m. Hydroxide (NaOH-Pi) and acid extracted inorganic P increased by 25% and 10%, respectively, while the residual-P pool decreased by about 15%. Below 0.10 m, very little P was removed by the first 3 extractants. Most of the P was present in the acid and residual fractions irrespective of fertiliser application. The acid and residual-P dropped by 30% and 12%, respectively, at 0.10–0.30 m and 12% and 8% at 0.30–0.60 m. When comparing the experimental soil samples in 2003 with those in 1994, similar trends were observed in the changes of each soil P fraction. In the surface 0.10 m, acid and residual-P pools decreased greatly and explained almost all of the total P decrease in the surface soil without P input. With P addition, labile pools acted as the main sink for P. The acid pool increased by 7%, while the residual-P showed a decrease in the topsoil. Total P level was elevated noticeably in this soil layer. However, at 0.10–0.30 m depth, acid and residual pools were the dominant fractions and decreased significantly irrespective of P fertiliser addition. Below 0.30 m, no significant changes were detected for each fraction and total P. The results suggest that crops had accessed significant amounts of P at 0.10–0.30 m depth irrespective of P fertiliser application, and that subsoil sampling (0.10–0.30 m) should be considered in order to improve the monitoring of soil P status. However, choice of appropriate extractants for monitoring subsoil P reserves is yet to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Blood Phosphorus Concentration as an Indicator of Phosphorus Deficiency in Growing Cattle

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Rob Dixon ◽  
Stephen Anderson ◽  
Lisa Kidd ◽  
Mary Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Young Cattle

Inadequate intakes of phosphorus (P) by cattle can cause P deficiency and severely reduce productivity. Blood inorganic P concentration (Pi) is often used as an indicator of P deficiency. Results from two experiments (E1 and E2) with young cattle grazing tropical P-deficient rainy season pastures without or with additional P, or fed in pens on higher energy pelleted diets ranging in P concentration (E3), were used to examine the relationships between Pi and liveweight (LW) gain. When Pi was >2.0 mmol/L average LW gains were 0.71, 0.85 and 1.04 kg/day in E1, E2 and E3, respectively. These differences between experiments were most likely associated with diet limitations other than P. LW gain was related curvilinearly in E1 and E2, and linearly in E3, with Pi. The Pi ranged from ca. 1.0 mmol/L through to 2.5–3.0 mmol/L in each experiment. The reductions in LW gains from the maximum at Pi > 2.0 mmol/L for several lower Pi concentrations were calculated from these relationships. At Pi = 1.0 mmol/L the LW gains were 36–60% of the maximum, at Pi = 1.5 mmol/L LW gains were 59–84% of the maximum, and at Pi = 2.0 mmol/L the LW gains were 82–98% of the maximum. The reductions in LW gain at each Pi were substantially greater for E3 than for E1 and E2. It is concluded that the Pi threshold indicative of P deficiency varies with the diet quality and that the threshold values are substantially higher with higher diet quality.

Phosphorus Leaching Under Cut Grassland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Turner ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Significant Mechanism ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural land to surface waters can contribute to eutrophication, excess algal growth and associated water quality problems. Grasslands have a high potential for P transfer, as they receive P inputs as mineral fertiliser and concentrates cycled through livestock manures. The transfer of P can occur through surface and subsurface pathways, although the capacity of most soils to fix inorganic P has meant that subsurface P transfer by leaching mechanisms has often been perceived as negligible. We investigated this using large-scale monolith lysimeters (135 cm deep, 80 cm diameter) to monitor leachate P under four grassland soil types. Leachate was collected during the 1997–98 drainage year and analysed for a range of P fractions. Mean concentrations of total P routinely exceeded 100 μg l−1 from all soil types and, therefore, exceeded P concentrations above which eutrophication and algal growth can occur. The majority of the leachate P was in algal-available Mo-reactive (inorganic) forms, although a large proportion occurred in unreactive (organic) forms. We suggest that subsurface transfer by leaching can represent a significant mechanism for agricultural P transfer from some soils and must be given greater consideration as a potential source of diffuse P pollution to surface waters.

scholarly journals Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
Xingwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

scholarly journals Phosphorus dynamics during early soil development in extreme environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Frkova ◽  
Chiara Pistocchi ◽  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
Katerina Capkova ◽  
Jiri Dolezal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Available P ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Microbial P

Abstract. At the early stages of pedogenesis, the dynamics of phosphorus (P) in soils are controlled by microbial communities, the physicochemical properties of the soil and the environmental conditions. While various microorganisms involved in carrying out biogeochemical processes have been identified, little is known about the actual contribution of microbial processes, such as organic P hydrolysis and microbial P turnover, to P cycling. We thus focused on processes driven by microbes and how they affect the size and cycling of organic and inorganic soil P pools along a soil chronosequence in the Chamser Kangri glacier forefield (Western Himalayas). The rapid retreat of the glacier allowed us to study the early stages of soil formation under cold arid climate. Biological P transformations were studied with the help of the isotopic composition of oxygen (O) in phosphate (δ18OP) coupled to sequential P fractionation performed on soil samples from four sites of different age spanning 0 to 100–150 years. The mineral P, i.e. 1M HCl-extractable P, represented still 95 % of the total P stock after approximately 100 years of soil development. Its isotopic composition was similar to the parent material also at the most developed site. Primary phosphate minerals, therefore, mostly composed this pool. The δ18OP of the available P and the P bound to Fe and Al oxides instead differed from that of the parent material, suggesting that these pools underwent biological turnover. The isotopic composition of O in of the available P was mostly controlled by the microbial P, suggesting fast exchanges occurred between these two pools possibly fostered by repeated freezing-thawing and drying-rewetting cycles. The release of P from organic P become increasingly important with soil age, constituting one third of the P flux to available P at the oldest site. Accordingly, the lighter isotopic composition of the P bound to Fe and Al oxides at the oldest site indicated that this pool contained phosphate released by organic P mineralization. Compared to previous studies on early pedogenesis under alpine or cold climate, our findings suggest a much slower decrease of the P-bearing primary minerals during the first 100 years of soil development under extreme condition. However, they provide evidence that, by driving short-term P dynamics, microbes play an important role in controlling the redistribution of primary P into inorganic and organic soil P pools.

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