Phenology of an induced response in loblolly pine following inoculation of fungi associated with the southern pine beetle

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen ◽  
R. G. Cates
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Lesion Growth

Loblolly pines (Pinustaeda L.) growing in two plantations were inoculated with fungi that are associated with the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonusfrontalis Zimm. Trees were sampled at 12-h intervals to determine the rate of formation of induced lesions. After an initial lag of 60 h, trees responded to infection by the blue-staining Ceratocystisminor (Hedgcock) Hunt with rapid lesion growth during the next 24 h. Trees inoculated with either of two mycangial fungi, C. minor var. barrasii Barras & Taylor or the basidiomycete, showed only limited lesion growth. Inoculations of combinations of fungi produced similar temporal patterns of lesion growth, but only combinations that included C. minor induced lesions that were significantly longer after 3 weeks than after 12 h. The data from this study suggest that the highly specialized mycangial fungi do not trigger the hypersensitive response in host trees when compared with sterile wounding, whereas the less adapted or less specialized nonmycangial C. minor does induce lesion formation. The delay in lesion formation also suggests that there is an initial period of increased vulnerability, when the tree may be killed before the induced response is manifested.

The role of oleoresin flow in the induced response of loblolly pine to a southern pine beetle associated fungus

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Tisdale ◽  
T Evan Nebeker ◽  
John D Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Induced Reaction

The influence of total resin flow in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., on initial inoculation of the blue stain fungus Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., a fungal associate of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera:Scolytidae)), was investigated. Resin flow of trees was mechanically manipulated so that it followed the same pattern of decrease and near cessation as seen in trees successfully attacked by southern pine beetle. There were also intermediate treatments where resin flow was allowed to recover. The fungus was inoculated into holes drilled to the xylem surface and allowed to grow for a specified time period. The lesion that formed as a result of the induced reaction was then measured and compared with lesions formed in trees for which resin flow was not manipulated. The experiment was conducted three times in 1993 and 1994 and twice in 1995. It was hypothesized that with decreased resin flow, O. minus would be less inhibited and that growth would be greater before being stopped by the induced reaction. It was found that longer lesions occurred in trees where wounding was prolonged and resin flow was decreased below that of control trees. Mixed results were obtained for trees in intermediate wounding treatments.Key words: oleoresin, blue stain fungus, defenses, bark beetles, induced reaction, Dendroctonus.

Loblolly Pine Seed Sources Differ in Susceptibility to the Southern Pine Beetle in South Carolina

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Powers ◽  
R. P. Belanger ◽  
W. D. Pepper ◽  
F. L. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract In a planting near Aiken, SC, loblolly pine saplings from an eastern seed source were significantly more susceptible to the southern pine beetle (SPB) than were loblolly saplings from western seed sources. Two eastern sources of slash pine also resisted beetle attack. Study plots wereoriginally established to evaluate disease resistance and growth of fusiform rust resistant and susceptible seed lots. There was no relationship between stand characteristics or rust infection patterns and SPB damage. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):169-174

Marking the Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with Rubidium within Loblolly Pine for Dispersal Studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Thoeny ◽  
Allan E. Tiarks ◽  
Jane Leslie Hayes ◽  
J. Robert Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Four parameters of the wound response of loblolly and shortleaf pines to inoculation with the blue-staining fungus associated with the southern pine beetle

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2403-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle

The wound response of loblolly, Pinus taeda L., and shortleaf, P. echinata Mill., pine was examined for 14 days following wounding and inoculation of the trees with Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt, a fungal associate of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Lesion length increased at a constant rate during June, while during July there was an initially rapid lesion formation followed by a leveling off for both tree species. Lesion enlargement occurred faster from days 2 through 7 in July for both species, and at the end of the 14-day study periods, the loblolly pines had a longer average lesion length than did the shortleaf pines during both months. During June, there was an initial increase in resin flow rate followed by a decrease in resin flow rate for several days and then an increased resin flow rate to levels similar to or above the rate measured prior to wounding. During July, the initial increase in resin flow rate following inoculation was not observed. Average soluble-sugar content decreased and monoterpene concentration increased in the lesion inner bark tissue. Inner bark monoterpene composition also changed, with the percentage of α-pinene increasing or remaining unchanged in loblolly pine and decreasing in the shortleaf pine. The observed differences in tree response to fungal invasion may be important in determining if an individual can repel or impede invasion by D. frontalis at different times during the summer.

THE FEEDING POTENTIAL OF CORTICEUS GLABER AND CORTICEUS PARALLELUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), FACULTATIVE PREDATORS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goyer ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) and C. parallelus (Melsheimer) adults were facultative predators of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, eggs and first and second instar larvae. Southern pine beetle frass and blue stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt were also suitable for survival for both species of Corticeus. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem was not utilized as a food source by either species. Corticeus spp. larvae were predators of D. frontalis eggs.

Influence of tree stress and site quality on the induced defense system of loblolly pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Tree Stress ◽  
Growing Conditions

Even-aged loblolly pines growing in plantations on different sites were inoculated with Ceratocystisminor, a fungus associated with the southern pine beetle, to determine if the inducible defense system of the trees was affected by plant quality or growing conditions. Overtopped trees produced smaller hypersensitive lesions than dominant or codominant trees. There was no discernible effect of previous exposure to the fungi on the subsequent ability of the tree to respond to inoculation. A temporal effect was observed in trees growing on the better well-drained site but was not seen in trees on the poorer site with waterlogged soil.

OLEORESIN CHARACTERISTICS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FOUR SOUTHERN PINES TO SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACKS

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Hodges ◽  
William W. Elam ◽  
William F. Watson ◽  
T. Evan Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pines ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Measured Resistance ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

AbstractAll four major southern pines can be killed by the southern pine beetle, but loblolly and shortleaf are much more susceptible than longleaf and slash. Oleoresin from more than 50 trees of each species was tested for composition and amount of monoterpenes and resin acids, viscosity, flow (rate, duration, and amount), and rate of crystallization. Discriminant function analyses were used to classify the loblolly and shortleaf trees as to probable resistance. The best classification used physical properties (total flow, flow rate, viscosity, time to crystallization). Supposedly resistant and susceptible trees were subjected to controlled attack, and the chemical and physical properties of four loblolly pines that survived natural attack were measured. Resistance is strongly related to the physical properties of the oleoresin, and can be predicted by these properties. Loblolly and shortleaf trees with “average” properties usually succumb to 100 or more attacks per sq. m of bark surface. Several trees classified as resistant survived a much higher rate of attack.

INCIDENCE OF THE PINEWOOD NEMATODE1 IN A SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE2 INFESTATION IN CENTRAL LOUISIANA

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A large infestation of southern pine beetle, (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), located in central Louisiana, was surveyed for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle. Pinewood nematodes were present in 4.2 percent of 94 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees attacked by D. frontalis and were absent from 101 unattacked trees that surrounded the infestation. Monthly sampling of this infestation revealed an increase in the incidence of nematodes as the season progressed. Samples taken from different heights on beetle infested-boles did not differ significantly in the presence of nematodes.

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