A two-stage method for horizontal point sampling in young forest stands

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1340-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Brown ◽  
Ancelm G. Mugasha

Horizontal point sampling is sometimes difficult to use in dense stands of small-diameter stems because of poor visibility. One solution to this problem is to use vertical point sampling in the field to obtain a larger than necessary preliminary sample. The diameter and distance of each tree in the vertical point sample is measured, and then a computational procedure identical with horizontal point sampling is used to subsample the vertical point sample tree list. For the method to work, it is necessary that the horizontal point sampling criterion be at least as limiting in a certain sense as the vertical point sampling criterion. Our principal result is to show how this necessary condition can be met.

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena RUBA ◽  
Olga MIEZITE ◽  
Imants LIEPA

As a result of nature resources intensive use, most of ecosystems have beenconverted. Anthropogenic impact includes changes of forest stands structure andtheir spatial specificity in the forest area. Accordingly the sanitary state of Norwayspruce young forest stands can be affected by different risk impact factors ofmanagement. The aim of the research was to analyze the spruce Picea abies (L. )Karst. young forest stands sanitary condition depending on forest plots spatialspecificity and location in the forest areas. The data were collected in 4 regions ofLatvia in spruce young forest stands (1 - 40 years old). The research was conductedin young natural and artificial stands (pure – 44, mixed – 42). In total 502 sampleplots with a total area of 28250 mwere installed. The particular plot size (25, 50,100 and 200 m) were selected depending on the stand average tree height, whiletheir number depended on the forest stand area. A total area of investigated foreststands were 127. 5 hectares. Results showed that the expression of spatial specificsdepended on risk factors and their intensity, as well as the environmentalcharacteristics. Damages caused by abiotic risk factors at different forest standswere not the same regarding intensity, nature and volume, but more or less closelywere related to all site conditions. Spatial specificity of forest stands area (regularand irregular), as well as their location in the forest massif significantly affects thespruce young forests sanitary status (respectively p=0. 027 and p=0. 002). Differentrisk factors damage to forests, bordering with spruce or pine young growths,cutovers and various types of infrastructure, were identified as much moreimportant.


2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Priwitzer ◽  
Jozef Capuliak ◽  
Michal Bošela ◽  
Matej Schwarz

AbstractSoil respiration constitutes the second largest flux of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study provides the preliminary results of soil respiration (Rs) observations in three different stands, including two types of young forest stands (beech and spruce) and grassy clearings. The average values of Rs ranged from 0.92 to 15.20 μmol CO


2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1587-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Gove

This note seeks to extend the utility of size-biased distribution theory as applied to forestry through two relationships regarding the quadratic mean stand diameter. First, the quadratic mean stand diameter's relationship to the harmonic mean basal area for horizontal point sampling, which has been known algebraically from early on, is proved under size-biased distribution theory. Second, a new result, which may prove most valuable in viewing the graphical representation of assumed distributions, is also derived. The results are also shown to apply to the basal area – size distribution, providing a unique duality between the two means.


2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
J. Rūba ◽  
O. Miezīte ◽  
S. Luguza

In management of young forest stands, it is often the case in forestry that several risk factors, biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic ones, have to be dealt with. An anthropogenic factor is of great importance in management of forests, because humans, using ecosystems for their needs, still have to maintain the spatial structure of the forest and prevent the worsening of the health state. Covering all territory of Latvia, empirical material was gathered in 25 pure stands. To find out how neighbouring stands impact the young forest stands of spruce, the location in forest array was detected. In identifying the risk factors, attention should be paid to the shape of compartment and its location in forest array. A correlation between the occurrence and intensity of damage caused by cloven-hoofed game is relevant r<sub>fact </sub>= 0.988 &gt; r<sub>crit </sub>= 0.088 with 95% probability. Also the occurrence and intensity of Lophophacidium hyperboreum Lagerb., and damage by Heterobasidion spp. are relevant r<sub>fact </sub>= 0.991 &gt; r<sub>crit </sub>= 0.062 and r<sub>fact </sub>= 0.981 &gt; r<sub>crit </sub>= 0.088 with of 95% probability. &nbsp;


2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Ducey ◽  
John A. Kershaw

Abstract Vertical point sampling has seen relatively little use in practical forestry, in part because existing field techniques are difficult. We show how vertical point sampling can be implemented quickly and easily using a camera. We give tables and equations for calculating the height-squared factor, which plays a role similar to that of the basal area factor in horizontal point sampling. Some suggestions for choosing a height-squared factor are discussed, along with potential applications for further exploration. We illustrate the technique using a case study in southern Maine. Direct estimates with no statistically detectable bias were obtained using height-squared factors greater than 3. The results also suggested that the technique could be used as a correlate in double sampling for variables such as cubic volume, stand density index, and biomass, and possibly board foot volume as well.


Author(s):  
Olga MIEZĪTE ◽  
Ineta EGLĪTE ◽  
Solveiga LUGUZA ◽  
Imants LIEPA

One of the most important stand productivity and competition indicators is height annual increment, which is affected by various factors such as soil preparation, initial density as well as various management risk factors. Empirical material for the research was collected in the northern part of Latvia. In four pure Scots pine stands in Myrtillosa forest site type 29 circular plots tree diameter, height and the last five years annual height increment was measured and visual state of health was described. The aim of this research is to analyse Scots pine height annual increment in naturally regenerated young forest stands in Myrtillosa site type forest stands and to give an evaluation of the impact of the initial stand density and the health status on height growth. The mean height increment in studied stands is 0.26 ± 0.009 m and the average periodical increment is 0.37 ± 0.042 m. The annual height increment has been in the height range from 0.23 to 0.53 m. Initial stand density affects the annual height increment significantly. In the stand with an initial density of 5770 ± 961 trees the height increment during the last five years has risen by 36%, but in stand with initial density of 12,650 ± 1,581 trees (P = 51.8 % and R = 6.0 %) the height increment during the five-years period has increased by only 12 %. The tree health status does not affect the tree height increment significantly.


Author(s):  
Е.Н. Наквасина ◽  
А.В. Воеводкина ◽  
А.Г. Волков

При изреживании древостоев в результате рубок ухода в насаждении происходят изменения не только в таксационных показателях древесных пород, но и в эколого-ценотической обстановке насаждений, пройденных рубками, что сказывается на формировании верхних горизонтов почв. Исследования проводились на стационарных объектах, заложенных в 1959 г. Архангельским институтом леса и лесохимии (Северный НИИ лесного хозяйства) в Северном участковом лесничестве Обозерского лесничества Архангельской области, которое относится к северотаежному району европейской части Российской Федерации. В сосново-березовом молодняке чернично-брусничного типа леса с составом 6С4Б+Ос (возраст 13 лет) заложено три варианта рубок ухода с различной выборкой по числу деревьев. Первый вариант – двухприемная рубка ухода с интервалом 27 лет, с интенсивностью выборки в первый прием 36% по числу деревьев, во второй прием 30% по запасу; в настоящее время состав 10С, число деревьев составляет 837 экз./га. Два других варианта – одноприемные рубки с интенсивностью изреживания 76 и 84%; в настоящее время состав 10С, густота насаждений составляет 894 и 596 экз./га соответственно. Контролем служила площадь, не пройденная рубками ухода. Изучены физико-химические свойства верхних (подстилочный и подзолистый) горизонтов альфегумусовых почв в сформированных приспевающих сосняках, в том числе мощность горизонтов, плотность их сложения, реакция среды, содержание органического вещества, углерода и гумуса, подвижных форм фосфора и калия. Определен запас подстилочно-торфяного горизонта. Установлено, что в результате изреживания древостоев большим изменениям подвержен горизонт О, играющий буферную роль в лесных биогеоценозах. В результате действия комплекса эколого-ценотических факторов увеличиваются его мощность, плотность сложения и запас, содержание органического вещества. Все это сказывается на нижележащем подзолистом горизонте, в котором содержание органических компонентов увеличивается в 2–3 раза, по сравнению с контролем. Это приводит к усилению оподзоливания, что проявляется в увеличении мощности подзолистого горизонта. Меньшее влияние на оподзоливание оказали двухприемные рубки, которые по комплексу воздействия на физико-химические свойства верхних горизонтов почв можно считать более благоприятными с точки зрения воздействия на экологическую среду формирующихся насаждений после проведения рубок ухода. Thinning is influence to ecological-cenotic condition that affects the formation of the lower tiers of the forest ecosystem. The research was conducted on stationary objects that created in 1959 by Arkhangelsk's Institute of Forest and Wood Chemistry (now North research institute of forestry). There are 3 variants of thinning with different sample by number of tree trunks in pine-birch forest with whortleberry-clusterberry cover. The first variant is two-stage thinning with 27 years interval and intensity of cutting in the first reception of 36% in the number of trees, in the second reception 30% in stock. At the moment there is 100% pine stocking with 837 trunks at hectare. Other two variants are one-stage thinning with intensity of cutting equal 76 and 84%. At the moment its 100% pine stocking with 894 and 596 trunks at hectare. Reference is not thinning forest. We studied chemical and physical properties topsoil (O and E) of podzols, such as: thickness, density, pH, organic carbon, humus and mobile forms of P2O5 and K2O.We evaluated weight of forest litter (O) and detect its significant changes as results of thinning. Under the influence of ecological-cenotic factors grow litter forest thickness, density, weight and organic carbon. This affects to albic horizon that organic carbon grow at 2–3 times compared reference. Less influence to soil and forest litter has two-stage thinning.


1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Lynch

A recently developed method of individual-tree volume prediction uses measurements of two lower-stem diameters, rather than the more traditional DBH and height measurements, to estimate stemwood. One form of the equation is linear with respect to volume between the two diameter measurements, as computed by Smalian's formula, and can be algebraically rearranged into the sum of two equations, one linear with respect to the square of the topmost lower-stem diameter, the other linear with respect to the square of the bottom lower-stem diameter. These two equations have the same form as local volume equations that are linear functions of the square of diameter. Because of this, a variation of horizontal point sampling can be used to select trees with probability exactly proportional to each of the equations. Forest volumes can be estimated from counts of trees obtained by comparing the point sampling gauge angle with individual tree diameters at the lower-stem diameter measurement points used by the individual-tree volume equation. To account for the negative intercept term in the linear equations, trees within a small fixed-radius plot are not included in the counts.


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