Pressure–volume analysis of leaves of Robiniapseudoacacia L. with the sap expression and free transpiration methods

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1211-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Parker ◽  
Stephen G. Pallardy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Volume Analysis ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bulk Tissue ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Leaf tissue water relations parameters of well-watered and drought-stressed black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) seedlings were compared using the sap expression and free transpiration pressure–volume analysis techniques. Osmotic potentials at full tissue hydration and at the turgor loss point were higher using the sap expression method for well-watered but not for drought-stressed seedlings. These differences appeared to be related to the percentage of water left uncollected during the sap expression procedure. Osmotic adjustment in response to drought was detected by both methods. Leaf relative water content at the turgor loss point and the symplastic water fraction did not differ between methods. The relationship between bulk tissue elastic modulus (E) and turgor potential estimated by both techniques was not significantly different, although E values derived from sap expression curves for well-watered seedlings were generally higher at a given turgor potential.

Tissue water relations of Pinusponderosa and Arctostaphylospatula exposed to various levels of soil moisture depletion

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Anderson ◽  
John A. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The tissue water relations of Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws, (ponderosa pine) and Arctostaphylospatula Greene (greenleaf manzanita) seedlings subjected to three levels of soil moisture availability were monitored over a 6-month period. Throughout the study, osmotic potentials at full turgor and at the turgor loss point were approximately 0.5 MPa greater for pine than for manzanita. Osmotic adjustment occurred for both species as evidenced by declines in osmotic potentials at full turgor and at the turgor loss point of 0.5–0.6 MPa over the study period. Pine maintained higher bulk tissue elasticity and lower water content at the turgor loss point relative to manzanita. Moisture regime had little effect on the measured parameters except for apoplasmic water content which increased at moderate and high stress levels for both species. Results suggest that osmotic adjustment occurred, at least partially, as a result of factors other than moisture availability. The lower tissue elasticity and higher water content at the turgor loss point for manzanita suggest that the shrub species is more dependent upon high foliar water content for the maintenance of turgor compared with the conifer.

Tissue water relations for Brigalow and Mulga

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Connor ◽  
BR Tunstall
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Arid Zone Plants

The relationship between the relative water content and the water potential of the phyllodes in brigalow and mulga is compared. It is shown that brigalow phyllode tissue is more resistant to desiccation than that of mulga. This is of interest because mulga has previously been considered to represent an extreme in drought tolerance of Australian arid zone plants.

Changes in osmotic potential, cell elasticity, and turgor relationships of 2nd-year black spruce container seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Container Seedlings ◽  
Relative Water

Components of tissue water potential and shoot apical activity of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) container seedlings were evaluated during the 2nd-year cycle of shoot elongation. Water potential components estimated using the pressure–volume technique included osmotic potentials at full turgor (ψπ100) and the turgor loss point (ψπTLP) and their difference (Δψπ), relative water content at the turgor loss point (RWCTLP), total turgor pressure (ψPTOTAL), maximum bulk modulus of elasticity (Σmax), and elasticity near full turgor (ΣFT). All parameters changed in concert with the morphology of shoot elongation; ψπ100, ψπTLP, RWCTLP, and Σ were at minimum values prior to bud swelling, increasing to a maximum during rapid shoot elongation and decreasing slowly following bud initiation and needle primordia development. Δψπ and ψPTOTAL in contrast were at minimums during shoot elongation. The relationship between Σ and ψP varied with shoot phenology. Total turgor pressure over the range of naturally occurring relative water contents is proposed as an indicator of the survival and growth potential of out planted tree seedlings.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as mitigating agents of salt stress in Formosa papaya seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3188
Author(s):  
Francisco Sales Oliveira Filho ◽  
José Francismar Medeiros ◽  
Marcelo Tavares Gurgel ◽  
Ewerton Gonçalves Abrantes ◽  
Hermano Oliveira Rolim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhization on the nutritional, hydric and biochemical components of papaya seedlings, Carica papaia L., from the Formosa Group, Hybrid Tainung Nº 1, submitted to irrigation with saline water. The research was conducted at the Federal Institute of Paraíba, Sousa Campus, from March to December 2018. The experimental design used completely randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to the fungi species: Gigaspora candida, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Dentiscutata heterogama and without mycorrhizae, and the five salt concentrations in irrigation water: 0.0; 10.0; 20.0; 30.0 and 40.0 mmolc L-1 in four repetitions. The characteristics evaluated were: relative water content, water saturation deficit, membrane damage, photosynthetic pigments, concentration and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and the relationship between potassium and sodium concentrations in leaf tissue. The species D. heterogama and G. candida presented the highest rates of leaf hydration and the lowest damage to biomembranes at all saline levels. Mycorrhizae increased the absorption of N and P, especially from 30 mmolc L-1 of salt. A greater relationship between potassium and sodium concentrations was evidenced in seedlings mycorrhized with D. heterogama.

scholarly journals Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Sonia Maria Costa Celestino ◽  
Alberto do Nascimento Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF, Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of 18 quinoa genotypes and modified BRS Piabiru (the currently used genotype), and the split-plots were divided into 4 different water regimes. The following variables were evaluated: productivity and productivity per unit of applied water (PUAA), plant height, flavonoids, anthocyanins, gas exchange, chlorophyll, leaf proline, and relative water content. Our results showed that water regimes between 309 and 389 mm can be recommended for quinoa in the Cerrado region. CPAC6 and CPAC13 presented the highest yield and PUAA under high and intermediate WRs, and hence were the most suitable for winter growth under irrigation. CPAC17 is most suitable for off-season growth under rainfed conditions, as it presented the highest PUAA under the low WRs (247 and 150). CPAC9 stood out in terms of accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all WRs. Physiological analyses revealed different responses of the genotypes to water restriction, together with symptoms of stress under lower water regimes. Our study reinforces the importance of detailed analyses of the relationship between productivity, physiology, and water use when choosing genotypes for planting and harvest in different seasons.

Relationships between physiological traits and productivity of sugarcane in response to water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DE A. SILVA ◽  
J. L. JIFON ◽  
J. A. G. DA SILVA ◽  
C. M. DOS SANTOS ◽  
V. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Response To Water

SUMMARYThe relationships between physiological variables and sugarcane productivity under water deficit conditions were investigated in field studies during 2005 and 2006 in Weslaco, Texas, USA. A total of 78 genotypes and two commercial varieties were studied, one of which was drought-tolerant (TCP93-4245) and the other drought-sensitive (TCP87-3388). All genotypes were subjected to two irrigation regimes: a control well-watered treatment (wet) and a moderate water-deficit stress (dry) treatment for a period of 90 days. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), estimated chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf temperature (LT), leaf relative water content (RWC) and productivity were measured. The productivity of all genotypes was, on average, affected negatively; however, certain genotypes did not suffer significant reduction. Under water deficit, the productivity of the genotypes was positively and significantly correlated with Fv/Fm, SPAD index and RWC, while LT had a negative correlation. These findings suggest that genotypes exhibiting traits of high RWC values, high chlorophyll contents and high photosynthetic radiation use efficiency under low moisture availability should be targeted for selection and variety development in programmes aimed at improving sugarcane for drought prone environments.

scholarly journals Nitrate Accumulation in Relation to Molybdenum Deficiency Leaf Scorch Symptoms

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
LF Notley ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Relationship

The accumulation of nitrate in the leaf tissue of nitrate-supplied, molybdenumdeficient plants has been suspected as a cause of the scorching symptoms which frequently develop (e.g. Agarwala 1952; Agarwala and Hewitt 1952; Hewitt and McCready 1953). Quantitative studies of the relationship between nitrate content and the symptoms have, however, been inconclusive. The literature suggests (cf. Wilson and Waring 1948; Johnson, Pearson, and Stout 1952) that this may follow from the estimation of nitrate in whole leaf tissue rather than in damaged portions.

scholarly journals STUDY OF IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS BY ESTIMATION OF APTI OF CERTAIN TREES IN KATRAJ AREA IN PUNE CITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Erum F H Kazi ◽  
Dr. Satish Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Air pollution is one of major concerns in Pune City currently. Study highlights increase in Particulate matter from Vehicular sources & Urbanization in Karaj area is having harmful impact on the trees in the area. Leaf of Plant species such as Peepal( Ficusreligiosa),, Tamarind(Tamarindusindica), Rain tree( Samaneasaman), Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Manago( Mangiferaindica), Almond( Terminaliacatappa) , Banyan tree(Ficusbenghalensis) were selected and it was found that Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Mango tree( Mangiferaindica) showed Intermediate APTI whereas Peepal, Tamarind, Rain tree, Almond, Banyan tree were found to be Sensitive to pollution. KEYWORDS: Air Pollutants, APTI of plants, Total Chlorophyll, Ascorbic acid, p H of leaf, Relative water Content ( RWC)

scholarly journals Aggregation in environmental systems: seasonal tracer cycles quantify young water fractions, but not mean transit times, in spatially heterogeneous catchments

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3059-3103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Strong Nonlinearity ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Benchmark Tests ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Environmental heterogeneity is ubiquitous, but environmental systems are often analyzed as if they were homogeneous instead, resulting in aggregation errors that are rarely explored and almost never quantified. Here I use simple benchmark tests to explore this general problem in one specific context: the use of seasonal cycles in chemical or isotopic tracers (such as Cl−, δ18O, or δ2H) to estimate timescales of storage in catchments. Timescales of catchment storage are typically quantified by the mean transit time, meaning the average time that elapses between parcels of water entering as precipitation and leaving again as streamflow. Longer mean transit times imply greater damping of seasonal tracer cycles. Thus, the amplitudes of tracer cycles in precipitation and streamflow are commonly used to calculate catchment mean transit times. Here I show that these calculations will typically be wrong by several hundred percent, when applied to catchments with realistic degrees of spatial heterogeneity. This aggregation bias arises from the strong nonlinearity in the relationship between tracer cycle amplitude and mean travel time. I propose an alternative storage metric, the young water fraction in streamflow, defined as the fraction of runoff with transit times of less than roughly 0.2 years. I show that this young water fraction (not to be confused with event-based "new water" in hydrograph separations) is accurately predicted by seasonal tracer cycles within a precision of a few percent, across the entire range of mean transit times from almost zero to almost infinity. Importantly, this relationship is also virtually free from aggregation error. That is, seasonal tracer cycles also accurately predict the young water fraction in runoff from highly heterogeneous mixtures of subcatchments with strongly contrasting transit time distributions. Thus, although tracer cycle amplitudes yield biased and unreliable estimates of catchment mean travel times in heterogeneous catchments, they can be used reliably to estimate the fraction of young water in runoff.

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