Slashburning effects on stocking, growth, and nutrition of young Douglas-fir plantations in salal-dominated ecosystems of eastern Vancouver Island

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Vihnanek ◽  
T. M. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Stocking, height growth, basal diameter growth, and foliar nutrient levels of 5- to 15-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were evaluated on burned and unburned areas within each of 20 sites on eastern Vancouver Island, which were characterized by ecosystems dominated by salal (Gaultheriashallon Pursh). Burning significantly reduced salal height and cover (P < 0.01). Douglas-fir stocking, height growth, and basal diameter were significantly increased (P < 0.05) as a result of burning. Douglas-fir foliar P, K, Ca, Fe, and B concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) as a result of burning, but foliar concentrations of N, Mg, S, Zn, and Cu were not significantly affected, even at P = 0.10. Foliar Mn concentrations were significantly reduced but remained very far above the deficiency threshold.

Boron and Magnesium Fertilization of a Coastal Douglas-Fir Plantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Green ◽  
R. E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Severe Growth

Abstract This study examines the role of boron and magnesium nutrition in the occurrence of severe growth distortion symptoms in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Skwawka River valley of south coastal British Columbia. Four fertilizer treatments including boron (2.25 kg B/ha), magnesium (42 kg Mg/ha), boron plus magnesium, and a control, were applied in conjunction with planting on a site believed to be deficient in these nutrients. After 5 growing seasons, only treatments containing boron (B and B+Mg) showed improved height growth over the control trees. The incidence of leader dieback, swollen leading shoots, and foliage distortion was significantly related to treatment with virtually no occurrence in plots treated with boron. Seedling uptake of applied boron was high, with foliar concentrations of 45 ppm found after the second growing season. Foliar B levels declined to 13-15 ppm after 5 growing seasons. No significant increase in foliar magnesium levels was detected for either of the magnesium treatments. The reduction in the incidence of leader dieback and shoot and foliar symptoms in seedlings treated with B indicate that these symptoms were the result of boron deficiencies. This is the first study to verify boron deficiency in coastal Douglas-fir through fertilizer trials. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):48-53.

Growth of Young Black Walnut Plantations in Kentucky1

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Kalisz ◽  
Jeffrey W. Stringer ◽  
Deborah B. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Soil Suitability ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Competition Control

Abstract Height, basal diameter, and crown width were determined for 2-to 16- year-old black walnut trees in 61 plantations distributed throughout Kentucky. Measurements from the 3050 trees sampled were used to develop height/age, diameter/age, and crown width/diameter equations and curves. These curves provide benchmarks for evaluating the early growth of typical plantations. Annual height and diameter growth were compared among different geologic substrates, landscape positions, levels of competition control, and soil suitability classes. At an average age of 6 years, height and diameter growth averaged 0.9 ft/yr and 0.2 in./yr, respectively, for all 61 plantations. Height growth was 35% greater for plantations located on suitable soils compared to plantations on soils of questionable suitability. Soil suitability did not affect diameter growth, but plantations with good competition control had 50% greater diameter growth compared to plantations with fair or poor competition control. Results of this study re-emphasize two principles of black walnut management: (1) only plant on good sites and (2) always control competition. North. J. Appl. For. 6(1):17-20, March 1989.

HEIGHT GROWTH LOSSES DUE TO ANIMAL FEEDING IN DOUGLAS FIR PLANTATIONS, VANCOUVER ISLAND, B.C.

1964 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Rotation Age

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were examined to determine the effect of animal feeding upon height growth.Length of internodes and evidence of past leader damage were recorded and cumulative average height-age growth curves compared for undamaged trees and for trees suffering various intensities of damage.The average reduction in tree height attributable to animal feeding in heavily browsed plantations varied from one-half to two feet over a period of 8 to 10 years. It is unlikely that either tree volume or quality at rotation age would be seriously affected.Exposed trees were browsed more heavily than those protected by vegetation or logging slash.

Effects of dwarf mistletoe on the response of young Douglas-fir to thinning

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Knutson ◽  
Robert Tinnin
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Lower Infection

Four sites from two forests were examined to determine the effect of various levels of infection by Arceuthobiumdouglasii on the growth of Pseudotsugamenziesii in precommercially thinned stands. We found less than 1% mortality among the trees that we examined. Changes in level of infection did occur; we estimate that changes to levels of infection sufficient to cause significant reductions in diameter growth occurred among 19% of the infected trees that we studied. Height growth was significantly reduced in both forests, while diameter growth was reduced by infection in one forest. Trees of lower infection rating (dwarf mistletoe rating 0–2) showed a significant increase in radial growth following thinning in both forests, while more heavily infected trees (dwarf mistletoe rating 5 and 6) did not. Trees that were heavily infected and had spike tops consistently showed significant reductions in diameter growth in both forests.

ImprovedRhizopogonMycorrhizal Colonization and Foliar Nutrient Levels in Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir with Myconate(r)

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Michael P. Amaranthus ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair ◽  
Taylor C. Reid ◽  
David Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

scholarly journals Thirteen-Year Height and Diameter Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings under Alternative Regeneration Cuts in Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzeng Yih Lam ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Ecosystem Responses

Abstract Interest in managing Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) forests in the Pacific Northwest under silvicultural systems other than traditional clearcutting has prompted research on the efficacy of alternative systems for successful regeneration and sustained timber productivity of Douglas-fir. The College of Forestry Integrated Research Project, implemented by Oregon State University, was established to compare various ecosystem responses and public perceptions among treatments implemented under clearcutting, shelterwood-with-reserves, and group selection silvicultural systems. The objective of this analysis was to quantify the following three responses of planted Douglas-fir seedlings to initial regeneration cuts: cumulative 13-year height growth (H13yr; 1992–2004), cumulative 13-year diameter growth (D13yr; 1992–2004), and most recent 5-year height growth (ΔH5yr; 2000–2004). Differences in variability of overstory density at the treatment level led to significant differences in the variance of understory growth responses. After accounting for heterogeneous variance, analysis of variance indicated significant treatment effects for all three responses. Treatment effects were explained by the decline in H13yr, D13yr, and ΔH5yr with increasing overstory competition as represented by basal area of residual trees immediately after harvesting (initial basal area). Predicted height:diameter ratio of Douglas-fir seedlings increased as IBA increased. Under regeneration methods that retain a portion of the overstory, a residual overstory with basal area <80 ft2/ac allows establishment, growth, and continued survival of Douglas-fir regeneration during the 13 years following harvest.

Growth and foliar nutrient response to fertilization and precommercial thinning in a coastal western red cedar stand

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Charles A. Wierman
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Western Red Cedar

Seven silvicultural treatments were applied to a young (15- to 20-year-old), naturally regenerated western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn ex D. Don) stand growing on a poor-quality site in western Washington. The treatments were as follows: unthinned, unfertilized (untreated); unthinned, fertilized with ammonium nitrate, dicalcium phosphate, and potassium sulfate; thinned, unfertilized; thinned, fertilized with urea; thinned, fertilized with ammonium nitrate; thinned, fertilized with ammonium nitrate and dicalcium phosphate; and thinned, fertilized with ammonium nitrate, dicalcium phosphate, and potassium sulfate. Elemental application rates were 300 kg nitrogen, 100 kg phosphorus, 129 kg calcium, 100 kg potassium, and 41 kg sulfur per hectare. Growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were monitored for 5 years. Five-year height growth and diameter growth of the 20 tallest trees per 0.08-ha measurement plot were both substantially greater in all thinned or fertilized treatments than in the unthinned, unfertilized treatment. The three best treatments for height growth (the treatments containing ammonium nitrate and dicalcium phosphate) had 65% more growth than the unthinned, unfertilized treatment. The two best treatments for diameter growth (thinned, fertilized with ammonium nitrate and dicalcium phosphate) had 106% more growth than the unthinned, unfertilized treatment. The effects of thinning alone were small compared with the effects of fertilization alone or fertilization combined with thinning. Initial foliar nitrogen concentrations showed that the site was nitrogen deficient, and both nitrogen sources, urea and ammonium nitrate, increased growth. The addition of dicalcium phosphate resulted in significantly greater incremental growth above that attributed to nitrogen alone, but the further addition of potassium sulfate did not increase growth significantly. Increases in foliar nitrogen and phosphorus associated with fertilization were still evident 5 years after treatment. All sizes of trees responded to treatment, and growth of the total stand followed the same trends as for the 20 tallest trees per plot. Basal area growth on an absolute basis was best in the unthinned, fertilized treatment (more than twice that of the unthinned, unfertilized treatment) and on a percent basis was best in the thinned treatment fertilized with ammonium nitrate, dicalcium phosphate, and potassium sulfate.

Foliar nutrients and induced susceptibility: genetic mechanisms of Douglas-fir resistance to western spruce budworm defoliation

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M Clancy ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Thomas E Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Induced Susceptibility ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

We conducted greenhouse defoliation experiments with clones of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) over 3 years to assess the role of foliar nutrients as a resistance mechanism to western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) defoliation. The grafted clones were derived from mature trees (i.e., ortets) that showed resistance or susceptibility to budworm defoliation in the forest. Current-year foliage was analyzed for concentrations of nitrogen (N), sugars (sucrose + fructose + glucose), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). We computed rank correlations between foliar nutrient levels in the ortets and their corresponding clones to test the null hypothesis that foliar chemistry does not have a genetic basis (H01). Foliar concentrations of sugars and P were under genetic control to some degree, but concentrations of other nutrients were not. We used analysis of variance to test the null hypotheses that foliar chemistry does not change in response to budworm defoliation (H02) and that it is not different between resistant and susceptible clones (H03). We rejected H02 for sugars, P, K, Mn, and Zn; defoliation by the budworm changed levels of these nutrients and had divergent effects on concentrations of P, K, and Zn in resistant clones. We concluded that induced susceptibility, whereby defoliation alters foliar nutrients to make trees more favorable for insect feeding, appears to be an important determinant of Douglas-fir resistance to the western spruce budworm. Failure to reject H03 implies that previously reported differences between the foliar nutrient levels in resistant Douglas-firs and those in susceptible Douglas-firs in the forest are probably caused by induced susceptibility.

scholarly journals Changes in Root IAA Content and Growth of Bareroot Conifers Treated with Plant Growth Regulating Substances at Planting

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
C.F. Scagel ◽  
R.G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Abstract Growth and survival of bareroot plants after transplanting is partially a function of the plant's capacity to produce new roots. We conducted an experiment to determine whether application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) or moisture retention materials could modify IAA concentration in roots, new root growth, and above ground plant growth. Bareroot western larch, Englemann spruce, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir were treated with Stimroot, ethrel, Hormogel, or Alginate immediately before planting into a raised bed in a greenhouse. All treatments increased IAA content in roots of western larch, Englemann spruce, and Douglas-fir, but only treatments containing IBA increased free IAA in roots of lodgepole pine. Stimroot and Hormogel treatment increased height growth of western larch, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir, but only ethrel treatment increased height growth of Englemann spruce. All treatments increased stem diameter growth of western larch. Stimroot increased stem diameter growth rate of Englemann spruce and Douglas-fir, but stem diameter of lodgepole pine was unaffected by all treatments. Our results indicate that application of PGRs or other root-promoting materials to the roots of bareroot conifers before planting has the potential to be a cost-beneficial method for increasing root growth and decreasing transplant shock.

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