Variation in the PGI/AAT linkage group between populations of black spruce

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 756-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Barrett ◽  
W. M. Cheliak ◽  
P. H. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Tight Association

Linkage analysis, using megagametophytes from a clonal seed orchard of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) detected a tight association between Pgi-2 and Aat-1 with a recombination frequency of 2.6%. This is in marked contrast to earlier estimates for this species, which were much greater. The present results suggest that black spruce may be comparable with numerous other conifer species demonstrating this particular, highly conserved association.

Comparison of isozyme variation among natural stands and plantations: jack pine and black spruce

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Allelic Heterogeneity ◽  
Nonrandom Mating ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Mating Conditions ◽  
Seed Collections

Isozymes from needles of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) and black spruce (Piceamariana) were analysed to test differences among young stands, mature stands, plantations from seed-zone seed collections, a plus-tree clonal seed orchard, and a progeny plantation from the seed orchard. Analyses based on approximately 100 trees per population resolved seven polymorphic loci for jack pine and five for black spruce. For intraspecies comparisons, allelic heterogeneity tests indicated no differences between young stands and plantations from seed-zone seed collections. The black spruce clonal seed orchard and mature natural stands were genetically homogeneous. Allelic heterogeneity test and discriminant analysis indicated that the progeny plantation from the clonal seed orchard differed from other black spruce samples. It is proposed that nonrandom mating conditions in the clonal seed orchard altered allele frequencies of the resultant progeny plantation.

scholarly journals Early Realized Gains for Two-cycle Selection for Black Spruce and Their Implications for Testing Effort Allocation

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Weng
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Silvicultural Practice ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Realized Genetic Gains

AbstractDeployment of improved black spruce (Picea mariana(Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlots in New Brunswick (NB) is a standard silvicultural practice. Most plantations have been established using elite-stand seedlots in the 1980s, first-generation seedling seed orchard seedlots in the 1990s and thereafter second-generation clonal seed orchard seedlots. A large-plot realized gain test was established at six sites in NB to provide estimates of actual gains from planting these improved seedlots. The test compared four improved seedlots, representing seedlots collecting from an elite stand, a first-generation seed orchard, two second-generation orchards and a mix of eight elite full-sib families identified in second-generation testing populations, with one unimproved checklot. This paper presents height measurements taken on trees at age 5. Results indicate that realized genetic gains from two-cycle selection and breeding are reasonably high and, in general, the more improved the seedlot, the higher the gain. Planting the elite-stand or the first-generation orchard seedlot would produce a gain of about 10% (relative to the checklot) in 5-yr height and an additional 5.8% gain could be obtained from planting the second-generation orchard seedlot. Even higher gain could be obtained via the deployment of the elite full-sib families, which was estimated to be about 8.6% more than the deployment of the second-generation orchard seedlot. While the realized gain varied with site, the ranking of gain achieved for the different seedlots was similar between sites. The above information was further used to optimize testing efforts for realized gain tests. To detect a typical gain of 5 to 10% at a significance level of 0.05 with a predetermined power of 0.80, each test should include 5 to 10 blocks per site (the number of sites is fixed at 4) or 4 to 6 sites (the number of blocks per site is fixed at 6) paired with planting 36 to 49 trees per plot. These approximate numbers of sites and blocks per site should be modified, depending on the interactions of seedlot with site and with block within site.

Vegetative phenology in a clonal seed orchard of Piceaglauca and Piceamariana in northwestern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor O'Reilly ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Growth Cessation ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Qualitative Index ◽  
Vegetative Phenology

The vegetative phenology of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. was determined in 1979 based on four ramets selected from each of 14 clones of each species located at a seed orchard in northern Ontario. The time of flushing of the leaders and four lateral branches was determined by a qualitative index of bud and shoot development; time of growth cessation was scored as the date at which 95% of shoot growth was complete. The flushing of the vegetative buds of white spruce lasted for a 10-day period compared with only 6 days for black spruce. Although the average date of flushing for white spruce clones was 9 days ahead of the average date for black spruce clones, the latest white spruce clone flushed only 3 days before the earliest black spruce clones. As well, degree-day requirements for flushing were significantly different for clones within each of the two species. These results suggest that the selection of late-flushing white spruce trees for seed orchard stock has the potential to decrease spring frost damage in this species in northern Ontario. Date of budbreak was not correlated with date of growth cessation for either white or black spruce; however, early-flushing clones of black spruce produced significantly greater leader extension than late-flushing clones.

The mating system in a black spruce clonal seed orchard

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Barrett ◽  
P. Knowles ◽  
W. M. Cheliak
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Mating Population

Isozyme markers were used to study the mating system, estimate the effective population size, and determine the effective gene pool composition in a black spruce clonal seed orchard. Ten seeds per family were electrophoretically analyzed by embryo and megagametophytic pairs to determine their allelic and genotypic frequencies at five polymorphic loci. Single-locus estimates of outcrossing ranged from 0.682 to 1.087 (mean, 0.942), while the multilocus estimate was 0.837. The variance effective population size was calculated to be 17 individuals, comprising 13 receptive females and 4 effective males. Evidence of gene pool heterogeneity suggested a small, nonrandomly mating population within the clonal seed orchard.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus kesiya in Malawi

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Gift Kamanga-Thole ◽  
Vidah Manda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Individual Tree Model ◽  
The Individual

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

Paternity analysis with microsatellites in a Danish Abies nordmanniana clonal seed orchard reveals dysfunctions

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
O K Hansen ◽  
E D Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
The Status

A paternity analysis using five microsatellite markers was conducted in a Danish clonal seed orchard with 13 Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach clones. The purpose was to investigate potential seed-orchard dysfunctions, with special emphasis on nonequal pollen contributions and selfing. Male paternity was found for 232 seedlings germinated from seeds collected on three ramets, each of eight clones, and the relative contribution of each clone to the gene pool of male gametes was calculated. Furthermore, 49 ramets were genotyped to check for erroneous grafting. The effect of an unbalanced male contribution was quantified by means of two measures: (1) the status number (NS), which reflects buildup of coancestry in the seed-orchard crop as a result of a low number of clones and an unequal male contribution, and (2) the asymptotic variance effective population number (Ne(v)). The contributions by pollen donors from the 13 clones were highly skewed. Three clones were fathers to more than 75% of the progenies, while making up only 24% of the ramets in the seed orchard. Four clones sired no progenies at all. The unequal contribution on the male side corresponded to NS = 4.2 and Ne(v) = 5.8. Some selfing was observed, which may give rise to concern if clonal seed orchards with few clones are established. The estimated maximum pollen contamination from outside the seed orchard was 4.3%. No grafting–labelling errors were identified.

Gibberellin A4/7 enhances seed-cone production in field-grown black spruce

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong H. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Vegetative Bud ◽  
Needle Primordia

Black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) grafts growing in a seed orchard were sprayed with gibberellin A4/7, and grafts and trees in families growing in arboreta were sprayed with gibberellin A4/7 and (or) vitamin E from vegetative bud burst to the end of shoot elongation. Gibberellin A4/7 was very effective in promoting seed cones and 400 mg/L appeared optimal. Vitamin E at 1000 mg/L was not effective. Vegetative bud burst occurred in mid-May and shoot elongation ended in late June. Needle primordia were visible on the apices of newly formed buds at the end of June. Reproductive buds had fewer bud scales than vegetative buds. It appeared that potential reproductive buds terminated their bud scale initiation earlier. Gibberellin A4/7 application to promote seed-cone production should be carried out before bud-type differentiation. This coincides with the end of lateral shoot elongation.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF TEAK MISTLETOE SPECIES AND BASIC INFORMATION OF UTILIZATION AS MEDICINAL PLANT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. S61-S63
Author(s):  
Zainal Muttaqin ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R ◽  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Iskandar Z Siregar ◽  
Corryanti .
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Hemiparasitic Plants ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
High Control ◽  
Attack Intensity

Mistletoe is hemiparasitic plants (macroparasite) on seasonal and annual plants include trees, however, mistletoes are also beneficial as key species that fill in the ecological niche, and a potential to non-wood forest product such as medicinal plants as one of them. The objectives of this research are to identify species of teak mistletoes at Padangan Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) in Perum Perhutani and to aim its posibilities as medicinal plant. The inventory methods on species of teak mistletoes was carried out in compartements/blocks of teak clones that are designated as Observation Sample Plots (OSPs/PCP) of the attack intensity from low, medium, high, control; and four units Observation Measurement Plots (OMPs/PUP) on each OSPs/PCP. Continously, it was analized by comparing the same species of mistletoes on other host trees as reference which was efficacious to be used as medicinal plant. Three species of mistletoes parasitizing teak clone stands were identified as Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae which is also attacking other host trees, Macrosolen tetragonus (Blume) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae too, Viscum articulatum Burm. F. of family of Santalacea/Viscaceae that is hyperparasite on two other mistletoes. The comparison with the same teak mistletoe but on different host trees shows that including D. pentandra and V. articulatum have the potential for hypertension treatment. D. pentandra is used too for medicine to cure ilness, wounds, fester and recovery from parturition. Known that chemical content this mistletoe comprise of flavonoid ingrident, fenolat acid (terulat acid, para hidroksi benzoate acid, kumarat acid, protokatekuat acid and vanilat acid. As for the utilization of M. tetragonus hasn’t been discovered up to this moment.Key words: mistletoe, identification, teak clone, non-wood forest product, medicinal plant

scholarly journals Centromere-Linkage Analysis and Consolidation of the Zebrafish Genetic Map

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1288
Author(s):  
Stephen L Johnson ◽  
Michael A Gates ◽  
Michele Johnson ◽  
William S Talbot ◽  
Sally Horne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Linkage Groups

Abstract The ease of isolating mutations in zebrafish will contribute to an understanding of a variety of processes common to all vertebrates. To facilitate genetic analysis of such mutations, we have identified DNA polymorphisms closely linked to each of the 25 centromeres of zebrafish, placed centromeres on the linkage map, increased the number of mapped PCR-based markers to 652, and consolidated the number of linkage groups to the number of chromosomes. This work makes possible centromere-linkage analysis, a novel, rapid method to assign mutations to a specific linkage group using half-tetrads.

scholarly journals Seed Germination Variation among Crop Years from a Pinus sylvestris Clonal Seed Orchard

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Melusi Rampart
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
The Mean

Maternal effects were assessed by germinating seeds sourced over multiple years from the same cloned mother trees, comparing germination capacity and rate between crop years. The relationships between climatic variables, seed characteristics and germination capacity were determined, and thermal time parameters were used to predict seed dormancy release and germination under the climatic conditions in the year after seed collection. There were significant differences in seed weight (P < 0.05), seed length and embryo occupancy (both P < 0.001) among crop years. Temperature during the seed development period explained 70% of the variation in seed weight and 63% of the variation in embryo occupancy. Germination capacity was significantly (P <0.001) different among crop years, among temperatures and among chilling durations, and thermal time requirements for germination increased from older (2007) to younger (2012) seeds. The mean base temperature without chilling was 7.1°C, while after chilling it was 4.6°C and 3.6°C for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. The mean thermal time to 50% germination without chilling was 135.1°Cd, while after chilling it was 118.3°Cd and 154.0°Cd for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. This experiment demonstrates that year-to-year differences in the environment experienced by mother trees during seed maturation can affect seed germination characteristics.

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