Geographical variation in wood properties of Larixlaricina juvenile wood in northern Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-653
Author(s):  
K. C. Yang ◽  
G. Hazenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Individual Trees

Growth rate, latewood ratio, specific gravity, and tracheid length of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch juvenile wood were studied with two 12-mm increment cores extracted at breast height from 240 healthy trees from 12 locations at a range in latitude from 46 to 56° N in northern Ontario. Ten trees were selected from each stand and two stands were chosen from each location. Univariate analyses of variance indicated that growth rate and latewood of juvenile wood varied significantly in various locations, stands, and trees at the α = 0.01 level of significance. Growth rate of juvenile wood decreased from a lower latitude to a higher latitude, whereas latewood ratios displayed a reverse trend, i.e., a higher latewood ratio was found at a higher latitude. Specific gravity of juvenile wood varied significantly in individual trees. Tracheid length varied significantly among locations, stands, and trees. The overall average growth rate, tracheid length, and specific gravity are 1.29 mm per ring, 2.10 mm, and 0.43, respectively. An unexpected relationship was found between growth rate and tracheid length. Growth rate of juvenile wood has a positive relationship with tracheid length and an inverse relationship with specific gravity.

Impact of spacing on tracheid length, relative density, and growth rate of juvenile wood and mature wood in Piceamariana

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Yang ◽  
G. Hazenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Boundary Point ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Ten 38-year-old trees of Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P., grown at each of three spacings (1.8 × 1.8, 2.7 × 2.7, and 3.6 × 3.6 m), at Stanley, 30 km west of Thunder Bay, Ont., were used to study the impact of spacing on growth rate, relative density, and tracheid length of juvenile and mature wood. Increment cores of 12 mm diameter were extracted from the south aspect of each tree at breast height. The boundary of juvenile and mature wood was demarcated by the variation in tracheid length, which varied among trees from ring 11 to 21. Average growth rate, relative density, and tracheid length were obtained between the pith and boundary point (juvenile wood) and beyond the boundary point (mature wood). Differences between the levels of spacing for the three response variables in both juvenile and mature wood were tested using contrasts. Properties of juvenile and mature wood were found to be affected differently by the plantation spacing. Juvenile wood has a faster growth rate and shorter fibres than mature wood. Relative density was similar in both wood zones. The growth rate in juvenile wood was found to be significantly different among the spacing levels. For mature wood, only the growth rate at the 3.6 × 3.6 m spacing was significantly different from the other two spacing levels. The highest relative density, 0.39, in both juvenile and mature wood was found at the 1.8 × 1.8 m spacing. No significant difference in the relative density between the two wider spacings was observed. At the widest spacing, the relative density was 8% lower than that at the 1.8 × 1.8 m spacing. The longest fibre lengths were found at the intermediate 2.7 × 2.7 m spacing, 2.05 mm in juvenile wood and 2.94 mm in mature wood. Tracheid lengths of the 3.6 × 3.6 m spacing were significantly shorter than those of the other two spacings. The relative density and tracheid length of plantation grown wood were lower than those of natural grown wood by at least 5% for relative density and 33% for tracheid length.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Correlations among Growth and Selected Wood Properties in White Spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) †

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyriac S. Mvolo ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Anatomical Properties

We examined phenotypic relationships among radial growth-related, physical (i.e., related to wood density), and anatomical (i.e., related to tracheid dimensions) wood properties in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), in order to determine the strength and significance of their correlations. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish if all of the properties must be measured and to determine the key properties that can be used as proxies for the other variables. Radial growth-related and physical properties were measured with an X-ray densitometer, while anatomical properties were measured with a Fiber Quality Analyzer. Fifteen wood properties (tracheid length (TL) and diameter (TD), earlywood tracheid length (ETL) and diameter (ETD), latewood tracheid length (LTL) and diameter (LTD), ring width (RW), ring area (RA), earlywood width (EWW), latewood width (LWW), latewood proportion (LWP), ring density (RD), intra-ring density variation, earlywood density (EWD), and latewood density (LWD)) were assessed. Relationships were evaluated at intra-ring and inter-ring levels in the juvenile wood (JW) and mature wood (MW) zones. Except for a few cases when mature tracheid diameter (TD) was involved, all intra-ring anatomical properties were highly and significantly correlated. Radial growth properties were correlated, with stronger relationships in MW compared to JW. Physical properties were often positively and significantly correlated in both JW and MW. A higher earlywood density coupled with a lower latewood density favored wood uniformity, i.e., the homogeneity of ring density within a growth ring. Managing plantations to suppress trees growth during JW formation, and enhancing radial growth when MW formation starts will favor overall wood quality. In order, RW-EWW-RA, TL-ETL-LTL, and RD-EWD-LWP are the three clusters that appeared in the three wood zones, the whole pith-to-bark radial section, the juvenile wood zone, and the mature wood zone.

Effect of growth rate on specific gravity of East-Liaoning oak (Quercusliaotungensis) wood

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yin Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of growth rate on the specific gravity of East-Liaoning oak (Quercusliaotungensis Koidz.) wood was studied and statistically compared with the effect of age (ring number from the pith). Results revealed that age is a decisive factor in controlling the specific gravity of wood, while effect of growth rate on specific gravity is statistically less important. Furthermore, the effect of growth rate varies with ring width range, age, and position within one growth ring (earlywood, latewood, or the whole ring). Within narrower ring widths, specific gravity increases rapidly with increasing growth rate, then more slowly as ring width increases, and when ring width is beyond a specific range, specific gravity remains more or less constant. Growth rate shows little effect on specific gravity of juvenile wood, but with increasing age, the effect increases gradually to reach a significant level in mature wood. Growth rate does not affect specific gravity of latewood significantly, but it shows a greater effect on specific gravity of the whole ring.

scholarly journals The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudiwidayanto Sapto Putro ◽  
Sri Nugroho Marsoem ◽  
Joko Sulistyo ◽  
Suryo Hardiwinoto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract. Putro GS, Marsoem SN, Sulistyo J, Hardiwinoto S. 2020. The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties. Biodiversitas 21: 2814-2820. Various clones of superior teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) trees have recently been introduced in several land conditions. A study was conducted on three different clones of superior teak known as Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) growing in Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Two different ages of those clones were observed their growth rate and its wood properties. Strip plot design was applied to the treatment of tree age (five and eight-year-old) and clone types (D14, F35, and F21 clones). Tree growth was measured on 300 trees, meanwhile, annual growth rate and wood properties were measured on 18 trees. The result showed that at five-year-old as well as eight-year-old, the D14 clone has the best growth performance with diameter of 14.6 ± 1.80 cm and 20.5 ± 2.54 cm and height of 9.8 ± 1.72 m and 15.2 ± 2.13 m respectively. The growth rate negatively correlated with temperature and had no significant correlation to the precipitation. Different clones and tree age significantly affect the variability of fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion. The clone of D14 produced the highest-fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion (1.111mm; 0.50 and17.7%) at five-year-old trees and (1.156 mm; 0.54 and 49.0%) at eight-years-old.

Specific gravity and tracheid length variation of white spruce in Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Taylor ◽  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Alvin Yanchuk ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation ◽  
Unusual Finding

Specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured for increment cores from 10 trees in each of four selected white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands in Alberta. The data show large specific gravity differences among sample stands and from tree to tree within stands. Longer tracheids were found in mature wood of trees grown in the more northern stands sampled. A few trees were intensively examined to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith to bark and stump to crown are reported with comments on the importance of these variation patterns to breeding programs for the improvement of the wood properties. A somewhat unusual finding was that white spruce produces wood in top logs that is of equal or greater specific gravity and tracheid length than wood produced in butt logs.

Geoclimatic Patterns in Specific Gravity and Tracheid Length in Wood of Pitch Pine

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Ledig ◽  
Bruce J. Zobel ◽  
Martha F. Matthias
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Selection For

Increment cores, 12 mm diameter, were taken from pitch pine throughout its natural range and analyzed for tracheid length, unextracted specific gravity, and extracted specific gravity. Tracheid length and specific gravity increased from north to south along topoclines. However, correlations with climatic variables such as mean annual snowfall, date in the spring when mean temperature reaches 6 °C (43 °F), or daylength on that date, were more closely related to tracheid length and specific gravity than geographic location perse, indicating the existence of ecoclines. It is hypothesized that the geoclimatic patterns are the pleiotrophic result of selection for shorter. growing seasons in northern latitudes. Variance components indicated substantial variation in specific gravity among trees within stands and among areas, but not among stands in areas. For tracheid length, all three sources of variation were significant. Correlations between wood properties were low when calculated among trees within stands.

scholarly journals Wood density and tracheid length of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) grafts in relation to cambium age and growth rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Foti Dafni ◽  
Passialis Costas ◽  
Voulgaridis Elias ◽  
Skaltsoyiannes Apostolos ◽  
Tsaktsira Maria
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
The Relationship

Wood density, tracheid length and growth rate were measured in Aleppo pine scions, 21–23 years old, and in Brutia pine rootstocks. In regard to the relationship between cambial age and dry density the results showed that the density increased with cambial age in both scions and rootstocks while the differences between Aleppo pine and Brutia pine were small. The relationship between cambial age and tracheid length showed an increase of tracheid length with cambial age. Differences between scions and rootstocks were small. From the last relationship it can be extracted that juvenile wood is produced in both scions and rootstocks although the Aleppo pine branches which were used for grafting were genetically matured. Between ring width and dry density and between ring width and tracheid length no statistical correlations were found either in scions or in rootstocks. The tracheid length in mature wood was higher than in juvenile wood. An increase of tracheid length with ring width was observed only in the case of juvenile wood.

Maturation Rate of Tracheid Lengthening in Slow-Grown Young Sugi (Cryptomeria Japonica) Trees

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Kubo ◽  
Miwako Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Maturation Rate

Maturation rate, the rate of increase in tracheid length in juvenile wood, was examined in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) saplings grown for five years under different shading conditions: 10%, 20% 40% and 100 % of relative illumination intensity. The lowest photointensity dramatically suppressed radial growth and slowed tracheid lengthening. Radial variation of tracheid length within the stem was associated with distance from the pith, rather than the number of annual rings from the pith. Furthermore, maturation rate was closely related to the rate of the radial growth, which changed proportionally with growth rate below a 2-3 mm ring width. A lower maturation rate of tracheid length is associated with a delay in the transition from juvenile to mature wood.

Basic wood properties of European larch from fast-growth plantations in eastern Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1325-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Keith ◽  
G. Chauret
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Longitudinal Shrinkage ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Individual Trees

A number of basic wood quality characteristics were evaluated in 10 European larch (Larixdecidua Mill.) trees, 5 from each of two rapidly growing plantations in eastern Ontario (approximately 30 years old) and western Quebec (approximately 25 years old). Characteristics evaluated included growth rate, relative density, fibre dimensions, longitudinal shrinkage, alcohol–benzene and water-soluble extractives, and Klason lignin. Radial and longitudinal patterns of variation in wood characteristics were examined and particular attention was given to the distribution of juvenile wood within the stems. Extractive contents were more closely related to the extent of heartwood and sapwood in the stems than to differences between juvenile and mature wood. Relative density was generally lower at the centre of the stem than in the mature outer wood, but the change was usually gradual, with no distinct boundary between juvenile and mature wood zones. The most useful characteristic for delimiting the juvenile wood zone appeared to be longitudinal shrinkage. On this basis, the transition from juvenile to mature wood occurs at about 15 rings out from the pith at breast height. Ranking of individual trees for wood density was judged to be reliable at about 7 years of age at this height level.

Wood quality of white spruce from north central Alberta

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
North Central ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation

Wood specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured from increment cores and discs of 10 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees from each of four stands in the Slave Lake forest of north central Alberta. Such measurements were used to indicate the variation of wood properties among trees and within individual stems. The specific gravity of white spruce grown in the Slave Lake area was somewhat greater than that found in the Edson and Footner Lake areas reported earlier. Tracheid length was comparable to that found in trees from Footner Lake and longer than that from the Edson trees on the same age basis. Within a tree, growth rate affected wood specific gravity negatively. However, no correlation was evident between these parameters among trees. Seven trees were examined intensively to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith-to-bark and stump-to-crown are reported. Contrary to the Edson and Footner Lake trees, a very high corewood specific gravity was not observed. Tracheid length increased from pith to the periphery and from stump to crown.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document