Simultaneous total and merchantable volume equations and a compatible taper function for loblolly pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. McTague ◽  
Robert L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Special Case

Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) is an important source of raw material for the forest products industry of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data from 159 trees were used to develop a simultaneously estimated total and merchantable volume equation, which treats total volume as a special case of merchantable volume with Dm, the diameter limit, equal to zero. By imposing a restriction on the parameters of the total and merchantable volume equation, a compatible taper function was derived that predicts diameter at breast height when merchantable height equals 1.3 m. The taper function possesses an analytic point of inflection in the lower portion of the stem.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Australian Cedar genotypes selected by mixed models

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulfe Tavares ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for raw material for multiple uses of forest products and by-products has attracted the interest for fast growing species, such as the Australian Cedar (Toona ciliata), which presents high productive and economic potential. The present work aimed at estimating genetic diversity by DNA markers and morphological traits supported for the mixed models. The following traits were measured and genotypes were sampled randomly in different areas: diameter at breast height, height, cylindrical volume, diameter, distance between nodes and crown diameter. Twelve RAPD primers were used and generated a total of 91 marks, 82 of which were polymorphic. The high percentage of polymorphic markers, 90.10%, demonstrated that discrimination in this species is efficient, but it yet little studied, for this case we can find the extent of the genetic basis for the application of technical improvement. The assessment of genetic diversity by the UPGMA method using the binary and morphological data provided the expression of genetic dissimilarities among the accessions evaluated, optimizing the perception of this divergence. The use of mixed models was efficient to assess combined genetic diversity to optimize the selection of genotypes with divergent genetic values for diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals The Hungarian Wood-Based Panel Industry and its Impact on the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Gábor Laborczy ◽  
András Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Round Wood

Abstract It is well known that worldwide deforestation has a negative impact on the global environment. Forests play an important role in producing oxygen as well as retaining gases that create the greenhouse effect. Forests primarily absorb carbon dioxide, the major air pollutant released by the industrial activities. Energy production is the major source of environmental contamination. In addition to reducing CO2 emissions, another issue this industrial sector must tackle is to decrease the use of fossil fuels by substituting them with renewable, environmentally friendly energy sources. One of the answers to these challenges is the utilization of biomass as energy sources. However, biomass-based fuels include short bolts, split round-wood, pulpwood, bark and by-products of sawmilling, which are the raw materials for the wood-based panel industry as well.Wood utilization of the forest products industry has a major impact on the delayed release of carbon dioxide stored in the wood. All over the world, just as in Hungary, the wood-based panel industry mainly uses low quality wood resources and turns them into value added products. The elongation of the life cycle of low quality wood materials decreases CO2 emissions, thus significantly contributing to environmental protection. Furthermore, it is assumed that raw material demand of the wood-based panel industry could be satisfied by focusing on sustainable forest management and well-planned reforestation. Additionally, special energy-plantations may provide extra wood resources, while waste and other non-usable parts of trees contribute to the effective and economic operation of biomass utilizing power-plants. This paper summarizes the current situation of the Hungarian wood-based panel industry and discusses the effects of the panel manufacturing processes on the environment. Also, it outlines the possible future of this important segment of the forest products industry.

Stem Form Changes in Unthinned Slash and Loblolly Pine Stands Following Midrotation Fertilization

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Jack ◽  
Earl L. Stone ◽  
Benee F. Swindel
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Fertilization Experiments

Abstract Trees from fertilization experiments in four slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and two loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands were subjected to stem analysis. The stands were unthinned and were between 13 and 25 years old at time of treatment. Profiles of radial width and cross-sectional area were examined to determine whether fertilization changed stem form. Proportionally greater growth on the upper stems of fertilized trees in the years immediately after treatment led to underestimating response with conventional volume equations. After 5 or more years, however, form was little changed and a single volume equation was appropriate for both fertilized and unfertilized trees.² South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):90-97.

scholarly journals Generalized stem taper and tree volume equations applied to eucalyptus of varying genetics in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Ferraco Scolforo ◽  
John Paul McTague ◽  
Harold Burkhart ◽  
Joseph Roise ◽  
Rafaela Lorenzato Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Volume Modeling ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Predictive Validation ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Volume Equations

Lack of generalized equations has prevailed in Brazil, because it is assumed that localized or climate-specific equations are needed. This study aimed to develop generalized stem taper and volume equations applicable to 11 eucalyptus clones and evaluate if climate variation impacts the accuracy of the estimates. A total of 693 trees evenly distributed across 11 clones at 21 sites were used for model fittings and predictive validation. The penalized mixed spline (PMS) approach was developed for predicting stem taper and volume along the stem profile. The Schumacher and Hall (1933) equation was used to predict total tree volume, while volume ratio equations were applied to predict merchantable volume. For every fitted equation, an annual climatic variable was included to assess the improvement in model performance. The overall results highlighted that climatic variation does not need to be accounted for in stem taper and volume modeling. All of the equations displayed desirable accuracy, but the generalized PMS equation may be preferred when the forestry enterprise looks to furnish a range of multiple forest products. The generalized total tree volume equation, combined with the ratio equations, is highly recommended when the forestry enterprise produces a single product.

scholarly journals Virginia's Woody Biomass Market: Opportunities and Implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Conrad ◽  
M. Chad Bolding
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Abstract Recent interest in producing energy from woody biomass has raised questions about the coexistence of wood-to-energy markets and the traditional forest products industry in Virginia. This study examined recent trends in the forest products industry and the wood-to-energy market, as well as the potential for competition between the two industries. Results indicate that the forest products industry has struggled recently, whereas wood-to-energy markets have expanded. Current opinion varies as to whether or not the wood-to-energy market will negatively affect the forest products industry. At present, 75% of Virginia's pulpmills are located within 50 miles of a wood-to-energy facility, and all pulpmills are within 75 miles. Recent trends in pulpwood prices, fuel chip prices, and Virginia law indicate that competition for raw material is unlikely in the short term. However, this research indicates that in the longer term, depending on government policies and technological progress in conversion technologies, competition between forest industry and wood-to-energy companies is possible.

A simple volume estimation system and its application to three coniferous species

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazukiyo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Estimation System ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Volume Equations

A simple system for the estimation of stem volume is presented based on the compatible stem profile and volume equations. This system can directly predict the stem volume above breast height from measurements of stem diameter at breast height and at an another point along the upper stem, and does not require any sample data for determining a parameter of volume equation. In comparison with the prediction accuracy of existing volume equations from the literature, using data from Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don, Chamaecyparisobtsusa Endl., and Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, this system has the advantage of reducing prediction error.

Compatible taper function for Scots pine plantations in northwestern Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1190-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulises Diéguez-Aranda ◽  
Fernando Castedo-Dorado ◽  
Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González ◽  
Alberto Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
Volume Equations

A compatible system for estimation of individual tree volume was developed for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northwestern Spain. The system comprises a merchantable volume equation, a total volume equation, and a taper function. The use of the volume equation allows rapid estimation of tree volume, and stand volume by summing individual tree volumes, which is equal to the volume obtained by integrating the taper equation. The volume equation is very easy to use and is therefore preferred when classification of the products by merchantable sizes is not required. Data from 228 destructively sampled trees were used for model development. Fourteen compatible volume equations were evaluated, 13 of these equations were taken from the available literature, and the other was developed in the present study. A modified second-order continuous autoregressive error structure was used to correct the autocorrelation of the hierarchical data used. The model developed by Fang et al. (Z. Fang, B.E. Borders, and R.L. Bailey. 2000. For. Sci. 46: 1–12) best described the data. There model is therefore recommended for the estimation of diameter at a specific height, merchantable volume, and total volume of Scots pine stems in the area of study.

A Tree Volume Equation Based On Two Lower Stem Diameters for Loblolly Pine in the Southeastern United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-162
Author(s):  
José Antonio Aleixo da Silva ◽  
Bruce E. Borders
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Lower Stem

Abstract A new cubic volume equation was developed for plantation grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of Georgia and South Carolina. This volume equation uses the volume of the main stem between 2.25 and 5.00 ft as the independent variable. In practice, users simply need to measure diameters at 2.25 and 5.00 ft from the ground to obtain an estimate of the total cubic foot volume of the main stem. This new equation compares favorably to traditional volume equations which use dbh and total height as independent variables. South. J. Appl. For. 17(3):160-162.

Dimensionally compatible volume and taper equations

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
Richard G Oderwald
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Taper Equation ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Taper Equations ◽  
Volume Equations

A dimensional analysis approach was applied to derive analytically consistent tree taper and volume equations. To achieve numerical consistency between the taper and volume equations, parameters of the taper and the volume equations were estimated simultaneously. Data from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in natural stands in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and the Coastal Plain and Piedmont areas of Virginia were used to estimate the parameters. The dimensionally compatible volume equation is shown to be a better equation for estimation of the volume of loblolly pine trees grown in these sites and can be applied for the estimation of total volume. The taper equation accurately predicts tree diameters from butt to the tree tip. It can be used to predict the diameter at any specified height and to predict height to any top diameter limit.

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