The effect of elemental sulfur on certain chemical and biological properties of surface organic horizons of a forest soil

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Maynard ◽  
J. J. Germida ◽  
P. A. Addison
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Considerable Damage

Elemental sulfur is a by-product of sour natural gas processing in Alberta, Canada. Breakup and weathering of the storage elemental sulfur blocks has resulted in the deposition of large amounts of elemental sulfur into adjacent forest ecosystems. This has caused considerable damage to the understory vegetation. Certain chemical and biological properties of surface organic forests horizons (LFH) that have been exposed to elemental sulfur for several years were examined over a 2-year period. Increasing concentrations of elemental sulfur (4 100 to 50 400 mg S kg soil−1) and 1.0 M NH4Cl extractable S and decreasing pH (4.4 to 2.4) occurred in the LFH with increasing proximity (750, 250, and 50 m) to the elemental sulfur source. Thiobacillusthiooxidans appeared to be the main organism responsible for elemental sulfur oxidation in all LFH samples. The site immediately adjacent to the elemental sulfur block (50 m) showed reduced concentrations of total and 1.0 M NH4Cl extractable Ca, Mg, K, and Mn. In addition, in the 2nd year of sampling, CO2 respiration in nonamended and glucose-amended samples was significantly reduced. The other sites (250 and 750 m from the block) showed no significant decrease in nutrient status or heterotrophic microbial activity.

Fertility of a red earth soil of Mid-Cape York Peninsula

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Gilbert ◽  
KA Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Cape York ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra

The nutrient status and fertiliser requirements of a red earth soil (Gn 2.14) were examined in glasshouse and field experiments in northern Queensland. From soil analyses and glasshouse experiments, deficiencies of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc were expected. However, the only nutrients limiting growth of Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca pastures under field conditions were phosphorus and sulfur. In the first 2 years of the field experiments, applications of 20 kg/ha of phosphorus and sulfur (equivalent to 220 kg/ha of single superphosphate) gave near maximum response in DM yield of Seca. Fine elemental sulfur was as effective as gypsum as a sulfur source.

scholarly journals Distinct Roles of Acidophiles in Complete Oxidation of High-Sulfur Ferric Leach Product of Zinc Sulfide Concentrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Muravyov ◽  
Anna Panyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Zinc Sulfide ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sulfide Concentrates ◽  
Sulfide Concentrate ◽  
Elemental Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Ferric Leaching

A two-step process, which involved ferric leaching with biologically generated solution and subsequent biooxidation with the microbial community, has been previously proposed for the processing of low-grade zinc sulfide concentrates. In this study, we carried out the process of complete biological oxidation of the product of ferric leaching of the zinc concentrate, which contained 9% of sphalerite, 5% of chalcopyrite, and 29.7% of elemental sulfur. After 21 days of biooxidation at 40 °C, sphalerite and chalcopyrite oxidation reached 99 and 69%, respectively, while the level of elemental sulfur oxidation was 97%. The biooxidation residue could be considered a waste product that is inert under aerobic conditions. The results of this study showed that zinc sulfide concentrate processing using a two-step treatment is efficient and promising. The microbial community, which developed during biooxidation, was dominated by Acidithiobacillus caldus, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Ferroplasma acidiphilum, Sulfobacillus thermotolerans, S. thermosulfidooxidans, and Cuniculiplasma sp. At the same time, F. acidiphilum and A. caldus played crucial roles in the oxidation of sulfide minerals and elemental sulfur, respectively. The addition of L. ferriphilum to A. caldus during biooxidation of the ferric leach product proved to inhibit elemental sulfur oxidation.

Effects and importance of indigenous earthworms on decomposition and nutrient cycling in coastal forest ecosystems

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Spiers ◽  
D. Gagnon ◽  
G. E. Nason ◽  
E. C. Packee ◽  
J. D. Lousier
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Earthworm Casts ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Population Numbers

The general ecology of an undescribed indigenous earthworm species in the Megascolecidae, found in the organic horizons of Podzolic soils under mixed stands of Tsugaheterophylla, Abiesamabilis, Thujaplicata, and Pseudotsugamenziesii, is described. The earthworm is a member of the genus Arctiostrotus. Over a range of sites, population numbers of earthworms were correlated to rooting concentration in and immediately below the mor humus. By micromorphological examination, earthworm casts were found to account for up to 60% by volume of the constituent solids of the organic horizons. The abundance of both fine roots and fungal hyphae in the worm casts suggested high nutrient availability. Analysis of fresh faecal material showed a marked increase in most important nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Na) relative to levels in noningested litter. Observations indicate that this earthworm species, whose population density may reach 200 m−2, has a major role in the decomposer subsystem of these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Indium-Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Lactones into Thiolactones Using a Disilathiane as a Sulfur Source

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Ogiwara ◽  
Ken Takano ◽  
Shuhei Horikawa ◽  
Norio Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Previous Reaction ◽  
Indium Catalyst

Indium-catalyzed reaction of lactones and a disilathiane leading to thiolactones is described. The direct synthesis of thiolactones from lactones with an appropriate sulfur source is one of the most attractive approaches in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. In this context, we found an indium-catalyzed direct conversion of lactones into thiolactones in the presence of elemental sulfur and a hydrosilane via formation of the disilathiane in-situ. On the basis of the previous reaction, the application utilizing the disilathiane as a sulfur source was performed herein for the efficient synthesis of a variety of thiolactone derivatives from lactones by an indium-catalyst.

scholarly journals Groundwater cable bacteria conserve energy by sulfur disproportionation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Müller ◽  
Sviatlana Marozava ◽  
Alexander J. Probst ◽  
Rainer U. Meckenstock
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sulfur Disproportionation

AbstractCable bacteria of the family Desulfobulbaceae couple spatially separated sulfur oxidation and oxygen or nitrate reduction by long-distance electron transfer, which can constitute the dominant sulfur oxidation process in shallow sediments. However, it remains unknown how cells in the anoxic part of the centimeter-long filaments conserve energy. We found 16S rRNA gene sequences similar to groundwater cable bacteria in a 1-methylnaphthalene-degrading culture (1MN). Cultivation with elemental sulfur and thiosulfate with ferrihydrite or nitrate as electron acceptors resulted in a first cable bacteria enrichment culture dominated >90% by 16S rRNA sequences belonging to the Desulfobulbaceae. Desulfobulbaceae-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) unveiled single cells and filaments of up to several hundred micrometers length to belong to the same species. The Desulfobulbaceae filaments also showed the distinctive cable bacteria morphology with their continuous ridge pattern as revealed by atomic force microscopy. The cable bacteria grew with nitrate as electron acceptor and elemental sulfur and thiosulfate as electron donor, but also by sulfur disproportionation when Fe(Cl)2 or Fe(OH)3 were present as sulfide scavengers. Metabolic reconstruction based on the first nearly complete genome of groundwater cable bacteria revealed the potential for sulfur disproportionation and a chemo-litho-autotrophic metabolism. The presence of different types of hydrogenases in the genome suggests that they can utilize hydrogen as alternative electron donor. Our results imply that cable bacteria not only use sulfide oxidation coupled to oxygen or nitrate reduction by LDET for energy conservation, but sulfur disproportionation might constitute the energy metabolism for cells in large parts of the cable bacterial filaments.

scholarly journals Kinetic Constant Variability in Bacterial Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 3752-3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Pokorna ◽  
Martin Mandl ◽  
Sarka Borilova ◽  
Pavla Ceskova ◽  
Romana Markova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Oxidation Rates

ABSTRACT Wide ranges of growth yields on sulfur (from 2.4 × 1010 to 8.1 × 1011 cells g−1) and maximum sulfur oxidation rates (from 0.068 to 1.30 mmol liter−1 h−1) of an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain (CCM 4253) were observed in 73 batch cultures. No significant correlation between the constants was observed. Changes of the Michaelis constant for sulfur (from 0.46 to 15.5 mM) in resting cells were also noted.

Growth of ZnS and ZnCdSSe alloys on GaP using an elemental sulfur source by molecular beam epitaxy

1994 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Ichino ◽  
Toshikazu Onishi ◽  
Yoichi Kawakami ◽  
Shizuo Fujita ◽  
Shigeo Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Source

Change in water extractable organic carbon and microbial PLFAs of biochar during incubation with an acidic paddy soil

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Stephen Joseph ◽  
Chun-Yu Jiang ◽  
Meng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Plfas ◽  
Water Extractable

Biochar has been considered to affect the transformation of soil organic carbon, soil microbial activity and diversity when applied to soil. However, the changes in chemical and biological properties of biochar itself in soil have not been fully determined. In this study, various biochar samples were obtained from three crop straws (rice, peanut and corn) and two wood chips (bamboo and pine), and incubated with an acidic paddy soil. We examined the changes of biochar water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) content and its ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 280 nm during incubation period, and also investigated the microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile of biochar after 75 days of incubation. The WEOC content of biochars decreased at the end of incubation, except for the biochar pyrolysed from bamboo chips at 400°C. An average reduction rate of 61.2% in WEOC concentration for straw biochars occurred within the first 15 days, while no significant change was observed for all biochars between day 15 and 45, and a slight increase in WEOC occurred for all biochars in the last 30 days. There was a positive relationship between biochar WEOC content and its UV absorbance properties. The microbial PLFAs concentrations of biochars varied from 15.56 to 60.35 nmol g–1, and there was a greater abundance in content and species for corn straw biochars than for the other types of biochars. General bacteria were the dominant microbial group that colonised biochar sample, while gram-positive bacterial and fungi were less in abundance. The chemical properties of fresh biochar were well correlated with total PLFAs concentrations, and significantly related to the composition of microbial community. We concluded that the WEOC component of most biochars change within such short-term application to soil, and the WEOC in combined with the pH and nutrient status of biochar, can alter the type and abundance of microorganisms that colonised biochar.

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