A model of stand allometry and biomass allocation during the self-thinning process

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Thinning Process ◽  
The Relationship

A growth model is developed to describe the relationship between any measure of size and number of stems in even-aged, monospecific plant populations during self-thinning. The model is tested on red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) seedlings and red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stands grown over a range of site qualities and initial spacings. Allometric relationships between plant dimensions are shown to change over time, finally approaching a stable value defined by a generalized self-thinning rule. Because of unique intraspecific plant geometry, allometric relationships appear to be more consistent within than between species. The priorisation for red alder biomass allocation with stand development was as follows (P < 0.05): branches > stem ≥ leaves ≥ root ≥ 2 nodules. For red pine the slope and intercept of the maximum size–density line were greater (P < 0.05) for merchantable versus total stem volume. A new approach for constructing stand density programs is presented.

A growth model based on the self-thinning rule

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Smith ◽  
D. W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Crown Closure

A two-staged stand growth model is developed to describe the relationship between biomass or volume and numbers of stems in even-aged, monospecific plant populations undergoing self-thinning. The model is tested on red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) seedlings and red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stands grown over a range of site qualities and initial spacings. First, survival rate is modelled as a Weibull distribution. This is then fit to an analytical size–density model to give growth estimates. Crown closure is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.09 for red alder, while initial mortality is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.12 for red pine. Net stand growth rates peaked at a relative density of 0.54 for red alder biomass and from relative densities from 0.40 (widest initial spacing) to 0.55 (densest initial spacing) for red pine total stem volume. Site quality merely shifted the magnitude of these relationships. The model adds a dynamic component to the self-thinning rule and also generalizes and extends the rule to stand development between crown closure and the self-thinning asymptote.

Allometric relationships of stem volume and stand level carbon stocks at varying stand density in Swietenia macrophylla King plantations, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nabiul Islam Khan ◽  
Mithun Chandra Shil ◽  
Md. Salim Azad ◽  
Md. Nazmus Sadath ◽  
S.M. Feroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stand Density ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla

La structure et la composition de groupes de régénération de hêtre dans la forêt de Soignes. Comm. N° 1 : Nombre de pieds, le diamètre et la hauteur.

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Miegroet ◽  
J. Réh
Keyword(s):  
Stand Density ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Structure and composition of beech regeneration groups. Comm.  N° 1 : Number of stems, diameter and height. - For  the analysis and subsequent comparison of natural (RN) and artificial (AR)  regeneration of beech, 2 x 7 plots of 1 are each and 16 tot 25 years old,  were established in the Forêt de Soignes near Brussels.     With an average of 5.000/ha the actual number of stems was much lower in  the AR as in the NR with an average of 19.900/ ha. However AR can be  considered as growing more rapidly if mean diameter and mean height of all  trees are judged acceptable as parameters. Eventual differences of this kind  between AR and NR tend to disappear pretty soon as culmination of growth  takes place in AR-groups before the age of 16 years and is not yet evident in  the older NR-groups of 26 years old.    The differences in rate of growth are rather unsignificant if comparison is  limited to dominant and predominant elements, present in greater numbers in  NR ( 40 - 70 dominant trees, 20-35 of which are predominant ) as in AR ( 109  - 30 dominant trees, B - 12 of which are predominant ). The NR have a bigger  material reserve, their structuration is better, the variation in growth is  greater and, as a consequence, social differentiation takes place very early.  The relationship by number of stems between dominant, codominant and  dominated trees can be represented by 1/1/2 for NR and by 3/2/1 for AR.      The presence of a well-developed under-story, with a positive influence on  the stabilisation of microclimatic conditions in the forest, permits more  freedom of intervention in NR, where early concentration of elite-material in  the upperstory takes place. In AR-groups the possibilities of selection and  intervention are limited as each element has to be maintained as long as  possible.     Stand formation and social differentiation are the result of collective  dynamics of development in NR. These phenomena are stimulated by greater  stand density and early competition is the result of early restrictions of  the individual growing space. As a direct consequence a evolutive, structural  and functional link exists between predominant, codominant and dominated  elements.     In the AR, social differentiation follows a different pattern. It is an  individualisation phenomenon directly produced by individual genetic  differences and by accidental variations in growing conditions within a very  restricted area.

Size of Douglas-fir trees in relation to distance from a mixed red alder–Douglas-fir stand

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2413-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Miller ◽  
Donald L. Reukema ◽  
Timothy A. Max
Keyword(s):  
Stand Density ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Wide Strip ◽  
Southwest Washington

Variation in diameter, height, and stem volume of 57-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was related to distance of these trees from a 27 m wide strip in the same Douglas-fir plantation that had been interplanted with red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.). Within the interplanted strip and despite its greater total stand density, bole volume of dominant and codominant Douglas-fir averaged 1.27 m3 compared with 0.55, 0.45, 0.46, or 0.49 m3 in trees 15, 30,45, or 60 m, respectively, from the edge of the mixed stand. Some positive influence of nitrogen-fixing red alder apparently extended about 15 m beyond the edge of the mixed stand at this poor quality site in southwest Washington. We infer that similar ribbonlike distributions of naturally regenerated red alder could be retained to improve growth of nearby conifers on nitrogen-deficient sites.

scholarly journals The differential sensitivity of red pine and quaking aspen to competition

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
Peter B. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
The Relationship

Growth of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) and quaking aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) target trees with varying degrees of competition by neighboring aspen was measured in a 7-year-old clearcut in northeastern Minnesota. Competitive conditions were measured using indices of resource availability (percent open sky) and neighborhood stand density. Three-year diameter growth of target trees was reduced by more than 50% in both species because of competition from neighboring quaking aspen. The last 2 year's height growth was also reduced by approximately 30% for both species. The relationship between growth and percent open sky was convex for red pine and concave for quaking aspen, potentially indicating a greater sensitivity in aspen to any reduction below optimal resource availability. Competition reduced crown size in both species, but self-pruning occurred only in quaking aspen. Needle and leaf size were not affected by competition, but red pine needle density was lower in highly competitive environments. Red pine had a higher specific gravity when growing under competition, partially offsetting the reduction in wood volume.

Asymmetric, two-sided competition in even-aged monocultures of red pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Brand ◽  
Steen Magnussen
Keyword(s):  
Stand Density ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
Competition Process ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Relative Production Rate

A framework for analysis of even-aged plant monocultures was developed and used to examine hypotheses on the process of competition, using data obtained from three independently established red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stand-density experiments. Growth rate and relative production rate (a measure of tree vigour) were computed for the individual trees in stands of differing density at points in time when these stands had the same mean stem volume. Competition is shown to be both asymmetric (small trees lose vigour more rapidly than large trees as density increases) and two-sided (not only do larger trees affect smaller trees, but to some degree small trees also cause growth reduction in larger neighbours). Increasing density results in increased size inequality as smaller trees lose vigour and become suppressed. The asymmetric, two-sided competition process in red pine stands is considered ecologically inherent for a species adapted to existence in even-aged monocultures.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation in Maximum Ingested Food Size and Body Mass in Varecia rubra and Propithecus coquereli

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Hartstone-Rose ◽  
Jonathan M. G. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Varecia Rubra ◽  
Food Size ◽  
The Relationship

In a recent study, we quantified the scaling of ingested food size (Vb )—the maximum size at which an animal consistently ingests food whole—and found that Vb scaled isometrically between species of captive strepsirrhines. The current study examines the relationship between Vb and body size within species with a focus on the frugivorous Varecia rubra and the folivorous Propithecus coquereli. We found no overlap in Vb between the species (all V. rubra ingested larger pieces of food relative to those eaten by P. coquereli), and least-squares regression of Vb and three different measures of body mass showed no scaling relationship within each species. We believe that this lack of relationship results from the relatively narrow intraspecific body size variation and seemingly patternless individual variation in Vb within species and take this study as further evidence that general scaling questions are best examined interspecifically rather than intraspecifically.

scholarly journals Evaluating a single tree-based growth model for even-aged stands against the maximum size–density relationship: Some insights from balsam fir stands in Quebec, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (04) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Fortin ◽  
Stéphane Tremblay ◽  
Robert Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Density Relationship

In this study, we addressed the issue of model evaluation when long-term monitoring data are unavailable or inappropriate. More specifically, we fitted a single tree-based growth model for pure even-aged balsam fir stands and we compared stochastic predictions with an existing maximum size–density relationship (MSDR). Growth trajectories for plots of different initial densities and diameter distributions were simulated over a 70-year period using 500 realizations for each combination of initial density-diameter distribution. Long-term predictions were consistent with the existing MSDR. The model properly reproduced the senescence phase in which the trajectories diverge from the MSDR. This phase was initiated when the average tree volume reached 0.2-0.3 m3 per tree, which roughly corresponded to a DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.3 m from the ground) between 19 and 23 cm. Although it cannot be generalized, our case study shows that a simple single tree-based growth model with a distance-independent competition index and no stand density index can reproduce an existing MSDR. The match between long-term predictions and an existing MSDR strengthens the confidence in the biological behaviour of the model.

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