Phenotypic selection in Betulapapyrifera

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Stanton ◽  
David S. Canavera
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greenhouse Trial ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Control

Phenotypically superior trees of Betulapapyrifera Marsh, were identified on the basis of their breast height stem diameters in two even-aged stands in western Maine. The growth superiority of each of the candidate trees was evaluated further using one of three different selection methods. Two methods were based on mean annual volume increment and differed in regard to their use of comparison trees. Selected trees were those which grew the most volume throughout the life of the stand. In the third procedure, periodic basal area increment was compared with the estimated basal area increment using an equation incorporating crown surface area as an independent variable. Trees rated as most superior were those which produced the largest increment in relation to crown size. Open-pollinated progenies of selected and control trees were evaluated for height growth and stem diameter in a greenhouse trial. Although significant differences in height existed among the selection methods, no one method was successful in identifying trees whose progenies, as a group, were significantly taller than the average of the control progenies.

Observations on the Regeneration of Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.) in Louisiana Swamps

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams H. Conner ◽  
John R. Toliver
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Taxodium Distichum ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
One Year ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Observations on the success of artificial regeneration of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Rich.) are presented for three Louisiana swamp stands logged in 1983. One-year-old baldcypress seedlings were planted in six 0.5 ac plots in each stand in 1985 and monitored for 4 years. Seedlings planted in two of the study areas were totally destroyed by nutria (Myocastor coypus Molina) within 3 months. In the third area, plots in which seedlings were not destroyed displayed over 90% survival during the study. Height growth of seedlings was significantly higher in the plot where basal area was reduced to 100 ft²/ac. Establishing baldcypress regeneration on these sites, artificial or natural, appears to be a difficult task, but when successful, the seedlings initially grow relatively fast even under partial shade. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):115-118.

scholarly journals Competition Indices and Their Relationship With Basal Area Increment of Araucaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Arnoni Costa ◽  
César Augusto Guimarães Finger ◽  
André Felipe Hess
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competition Indices

Models that report the effect of competition are important for forest management since forests with higher levels of competition have lower increment rates, and their use is necessary to plan forest interventions. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of competition in the basal area increment of individual trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in a natural forest. A total of 397 subject trees were measured, covering the diametric range. The dendrometric and morphometric characteristics of subject trees and their competitors were obtained, and 22 distance-dependent and distance-independent competition indices were calculated, in addition to increment cores extracted radially from the trunk at diameter at breast height. The relationship between models of periodic annual increment in basal area based on competition indices has allowed to obtain R2 values of 0.425 and Syx% ≥ 50.2. The multivariate technique of principal component analysis has shown that three principal components explain 78.43% of total variation. The first component was responsible for explaining 52.95%, with similar eigenvector for 11 competition indices, evidencing that these models can be used to describe especies competition, although they show different variables and mathematical equations in calculations. Results show the importance of competition to predict increment of Araucaria in individual trees.

Early regeneration and growth dynamics of Populus tremuloides suckers in relation to fire severity

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Regeneration

Four boreal mixedwood stands burned by the 1999 Black River wildfire in southeastern Manitoba were sampled to determine the effect of fire severity on density and diameter and height growth of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) suckers during the first three postfire years. Analysis of covariance, using prefire aspen basal area as the covariate, indicated that fire severity significantly affected postfire aspen sucker density, with significantly lower density found on severely burned plots. Changes in aspen sucker density over the three postfire years depended on fire severity, with significant changes observed only on scorched and lightly burned plots. Sucker mortality was positively related to the initial sucker density, with more than 80% of the total variance being explained. Fire severity significantly affected the growth of dominant aspen suckers in the first, but not the second and the third, postfire years. The first year of growth initially increased and then remained stable with the increase in density, while the second and third years of growth were not affected by density. Since fire severity within and (or) among burned stands is inherently heterogeneous, the effect of fire severity must be taken into account in predicting postfire density and growth of aspen suckers.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Seed Trees 20 Years after a Natural Regeneration Cut in the Piedmont of Georgia

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Logan ◽  
M. Boyd Edwards ◽  
Barry D. Shiver
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Tree Method ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract An experiment was installed in 1982 to compare six methods of natural regeneration in the Piedmont of Georgia. These methods include (1) clearcut with seed in place; (2) clearcut with seed in place and preharvest burn; (3) seed tree; (4) seed tree with preharvest burn; (5) shelterwood; and (6) shelterwood with preharvest burn. Because of endangered species regulations in the years after establishment of the study, no seed trees were cut and the seed tree and shelterwood plots have grown into two-story stands. Individual tree and stand characteristics were analyzed to determine the effects of burning and regeneration method on the remaining seed trees after 20 years. Diameter at breast height (dbh) growth was greater on seed tree plots than on shelterwood plots, but burned plots had increased dbh growth on shelterwood plots and decreased dbh growth on seed tree plots. Total height growth also exhibited an interaction between the burning and regeneration method but with an opposite effect. Total height growth decreased on burned shelterwood plots but increased on burned seed tree plots. Shelterwood plots had approximately double the basal area and merchantable green weight of the seed tree plots. The economic analysis indicates the seed tree method leads to greater financial returns and is less sensitive to discount rate variations than the shelterwood method. South. J. Appl. For. 29(4):173–178.

scholarly journals An individual-tree linear mixed-effects model for predicting the basal area increment of major forest species in Southern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. e019
Author(s):  
Lucio Di Cosmo ◽  
Diego Giuliani ◽  
Maria Michela Dickson ◽  
Patrizia Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

Aims of the study. Assessment of growth is essential to support sustainability of forest management and forest policies. The objective of the study was to develop a species-specific model to predict the annual increment of tree basal area through variables recorded by forest surveys, to assess forest growth directly or in the context of more complex forest growth and yield simulation models.Area of the study. Italy.Material and methods. Data on 34638 trees of 31 different forest species collected in 5162 plots of the Italian National Forest Inventory were used; the data were recorded between 2004 and 2006. To account for the hierarchical structure of the data due to trees nested within plots, a two-level mixed-effects modelling approach was used.Main results. The final result is an individual-tree linear mixed-effects model with species as dummy variables. Tree size is the main predictor, but the model also integrates geographical and topographic predictors and includes competition. The model fitting is good (McFadden’s Pseudo-R2 0.536), and the variance of the random effect at the plot level is significant (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.512). Compared to the ordinary least squares regression, the mixed-effects model allowed reducing the mean absolute error of estimates in the plots by 64.5% in average.Research highlights. A single tree-level model for predicting the basal area increment of different species was developed using forest inventory data. The data used for the modelling cover 31 species and a great variety of growing conditions, and the model seems suitable to be applied in the wider context of Southern Europe.   Keywords: Tree growth; forest growth modelling; forest inventory; hierarchical data structure; Italy.Abbreviations used: BA - basal area; BAI – five-year periodic basal area increment; BALT - basal area of trees larger than the subject tree; BASPratio - ratio of subject tree species basal area to stand basal area; BASTratio - ratio of subject tree basal area to stand basal area; CRATIO - crown ratio; DBH – diameter at breast height ; DBH0– diameter at breast height corresponding to five years before the survey year; DBHt– diameter at breast height measured in the survey year; DI5 - five-year, inside bark, DBH increment; HDOM - dominant height; LULUCF - Land Use, Land Use Changes and Forestry; ME - mean error; MAE - mean absolute error; MPD - mean percent deviation; MPSE - mean percent standard error; NFI(s) - National Forest Inventory/ies; OLS - ordinary least squares regression; RMSE - root mean squared error; UNFCCC - United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Effects of winter injury on basal area and height growth of 30-year-old red spruce from 12 provenances growing in northern New Hampshire

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1616-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Repeated Injury

Basal-area increment and height growth of 30-year-old red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) from 12 rangewide provenances growing in a plantation in northern New Hampshire were measured for a 3-year period (1986 through 1988) in which severe and (or) frequent winter damage to needles occurred. Growth of uninjured trees and injured trees were compared. Basal-area increments were successively smaller for groups of trees arranged in increasing order of average needle damage as a portion of the upper crown and number of years that the trees were injured. A similar pattern was observed for height growth, but the effect of winter damage was not as great on height growth as on basal-area increment. Growth losses following winter injury, especially height growth, were much greater for trees in provenances classed as pure red spruce than for trees in provenances where introgressive hybridization with black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) has been demonstrated. For pure red spruce populations, repeated injury in 3 successive years or a sustained average of 30% or more needle damage resulted in losses in basal-area increment and height growth of up to 59 and 30%, respectively. Basal-area growth of the most severely injured trees in New England - New York provenances was 63% less than that of uninjured trees. These results support the contention of others that winter injury could be an initiating or perpetuating factor in red spruce decline.

scholarly journals The Response of Basal Area Increment in Old Sprout-origin Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) Trees During Their Conversion to a Coppice-with-standards

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-847
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Adamec ◽  
Jan Kadavý ◽  
Michal Kneifl ◽  
Markéta Šplíchalová ◽  
Martin Klimánek
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Coppice With Standards

This paper addresses the response of adult sprout-origin sessile oaks (Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl.) to a strong release. Our research plot was established at the Training Forest Enterprise of Mendel University in Brno (Czech Republic) at the turn of 2008/2009. The plot is situated on a plateau with mesotrofic soil in a beech-oak forest vegetation zone at an altitude of 410 m above sea level. Tree responses were monitored using precise girth measurements. During the first year after the release, the basal area increment showed a positive correlation with only the tree diameter. During the second and third year, the basal area increment was also correlated with the release intensity. During the third year, the basal area increment was explained by the tree diameter, the crown shape, and the release intensity as well as individual types of epicormic shoot occurrence. The occurrence of epicormic shoots in the lower part of the trunks and umbel-shaped crowns increased the basal area increment. In the first, second and third year after thinning, the model explained 11.79%, 11.25% and 28.99%, respectively, of the basal area increment variability. Adult trees of sprout origin responded to a strong release very early (within two years) after felling.

Is ring width a reliable proxy for stem-biomass increment? A case study in European beech

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2920-2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Bouriaud ◽  
N Bréda ◽  
J -L Dupouey ◽  
A Granier
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Northeastern France

The relationship between basal-area increment and stem-volume increment or biomass annual production was investigated in 30 dominant European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in northeastern France. The trees were sampled at four heights along the stem for dendrochronological and densitometric measurements. Annual stem-volume and stem-biomass increments were computed from the measurements and were not obtained by applying allometric relationships. A comparison of the ring-area increments at the four stem heights indicated that the vertical distribution of annual growth fluctuates at an interannual time step and is influenced by climate during the growing season, particularly drought events. Ring-area increments were more strongly reduced at breast height than in the upper parts of the tree during dry years. Relationships between basal-area increment and volume or annual biomass production were very strong, but the residuals of these relationhips contained up to 50% climate information. The amplitude of the breast-height radial-growth response to drought is much larger than the volume and biomass-production responses. Variations of wood density in this diffuse-porous species are not large enough to consistently modify the estimates of annual stem biomass production. Breast-height series are a valuable tool for dendrochronological investigations, but as they are more sensitive to drought, they greatly underestimate tree biomass increments during drought episodes.

scholarly journals Estructura y composición de la vegetación ribereña de la barranca del río Tembembe, Morelos, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Fernando Camacho-Rico ◽  
Irma Trejo ◽  
Consuelo Bonfil
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Alnus Acuminata ◽  
Trema Micrantha ◽  
Del Rio

Structure and composition of the riparian vegetation of the middle-upper basin of the Tembembe river, in the state of Morelos, was analyzed. Height, diameter at breast height, crown area and taxonomic identity of each individual having a DBH 1 cm were recorded in 23 quadrats of 100 m2 each. A total of 74 species and 516 individuals were found. Mean density was 2,148 ind. ha-1, mean basal area was 88.39 m2 ha-1, and mean height (of individuals with DBH 20 cm) w as 10.5 m. Classification analysis allowed the discrimination of three communities whose distribution was associated to the altitudinal gradient: the first (G1) in the upper part (1,700 - 1,650 m a.s.l.) was dominated by species (like Alnus acuminata) having a holartic affinity; the second (G2) at an  intermediate altitude (1,640 - 1,340 m a.s.l.) was dominated by Trema micrantha; and the third (G3) in the lower portion (1,210 - 1,110 m a.s.l.) dominated by species (like Daphnopsis salicifolia) having a tropical affinity. Diversity, density and crown cover did not differ among them, but mean basal area was largest in the highest and lowest communities than in the intermediate one. Mean height of the tree layer decreased with altitude. This study contributes to the knowledge of the riparian vegetation in Morelos state and provides basic ecological information for future restoration programs of the riparian vegetation of the Tembembe river

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