Comparaison de la croissance d'espèces ligneuses en milieu ouvert et sous couvert forestier

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bellefleur ◽  
G. LaRocque
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Growth Increments

The objective of this paper is to compare growth increment between full sunlight conditions and moderately shaded conditions for seedlings of three species: sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britton), and beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.). Diameter and height increments were larger in full sunlight than under cover. Yellow birch has shown better growth increments than sugar maple and beech under both conditions. This suggests that shaded conditions are not as limiting for the establishment of yellow birch than for the other two species.

Expérimentation sur la compétition interspécifique par élimination sélective d'espèces forestières

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bellefleur ◽  
Y. Pétillon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Soil Temperatures

We conducted an experimental study of competition for water, heat, and space between woody species and herbaceous species by selective exclusion of a few species in a sugar maple stand. We found large differences in diameter and height increment for all three species under investigation: sugar maple, yellow birch, and beech. Large differences were also found in soil temperatures to a depth of 30 cm which were correlated with cover and growth increment. We concluded that there is indeed a severe competition between woody and herbaceous species for both heat and space.

scholarly journals Growth Comparisons Between Open-pollinated Progeny of Sugar Maple Grown Under Shade and in Full Sunlight

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Clark ◽  
S.E. Schlarbaum
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
First Order ◽  
Root Collar

Progeny from two open-pollinated mother trees were grown for 1 year in a commercial tree nursery in Murphy, N.C. Shade cloths were applied to one half of the seed plots from each mother tree and the other half were exposed to full sunlight. Seedlings were fertilized throughout the growing season to increase growth performance for better discernment of progeny and shade effects. Seedlings in shaded plots were significantly taller and had larger root collar diameters (RCD) than unshaded seedlings. An interaction between progeny and shade effects on first-order lateral root number indicates that genetic or other unknown factors were affecting the seedlings' response to changes in light. Results indicate that the use of shade cloths in nurseries may improve seedling quality of 1-0 sugar maple in the southern portion of the species range.

Coupes par bandes dans des peuplements de feuillus—Résultats après 14 ans

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Regeneration Study

Clearcutting of 20, 40 and 60 m wide strips was done in 1970 in Malakoff township, in the lower part of the Dumoine river watershed. A regeneration study took place in 1984.Analysis of results shows that the strips are well regenerated. The proportion of yellow birch grows with the width of the strips, that is, from 20 to60 m. To this effect strips of 60 m seem to be better for regenerating yellow birch but the future of this species seems to be better ensured in 40-m-wide strips.Yellow birch and sugar maple constitute the main part of the actual stands. If treatment is done and if observed trends persist, yellow birch should account for 21, 26 and 44% of the stems in mature stands of the 20-, 40- and 60-m strips respectively. With treatment, the presence of yellow birch could be increased to nearly 48%.

Exploring the Recruitment Dynamics of Sugar Maple and Yellow Birch Saplings into Merchantable Stems Following Harvesting in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Noel ◽  
Jules Comeau ◽  
Salah-Eddine El Adlouni ◽  
Gaetan Pelletier ◽  
Marie-Andrée Giroux
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Silvicultural Treatment ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acadian Forest

The recruitment of saplings in forest stands into merchantable stems is a very complex process, thus making it challenging to understand and predict. The recruitment dynamics in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick are not well known or documented. Our objective was to draw an inference from existing large scale routine forest inventories as to the different dynamics behind the recruitment from the sapling layer into the commercial tree size layer in terms of density and occurrence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) following harvesting, by looking at many factors on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales using models. Results suggest that the variation in density and probability of occurrence is best explained by the intensity of silvicultural treatment, by the merchantable stem density in each plot, and by the proportion of merchantable basal area of each group of species. The number of recruits of sugar maple and yellow birch stems tend be higher when time since last treatment increases, when mid to low levels of silvicultural treatment intensity were implemented, and within plots having intermediate levels of merchantable stem density. Lastly, our modeling efforts suggest that the probability of occurrence and density of recruitment of both species tend to increase while its share of merchantable basal area increases.

Sap yields, sugar content, and soluble carbohydrates of saps and syrups of some Canadian birch and maple species

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. C. Jones ◽  
I. Alli
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Maple Sap

During the spring of 1984 and 1985, white birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh), sweet birch (B. lenta L), and yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis Britt.) were tapped to determine sap yields and syrup characteristics. These properties were compared with sap yields and syrup produced from sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh) and red maple (A. rubrum L). The sap flow seasons were as follows: white birch, 23 days (April 7–29, 1984) and 29 days (April 5 – May 3, 1985); sweet birch, 26 days (1984); yellow birch, 25 days (1985). The sap flow season for the maple species was much earlier than the birch species. Maple sap flow seasons were as follows: sugar maple, 16 days (March 28 – April 12, 1984) and 45 days (March 10 – April 23, 1985); red maple, 44 days (March 11 – April 23, 1985). Sap yields were as follows: white birch, 80.5 L in 1984 (1.0% sap) 51.0 L in 1985 (1.0% sap); sweet birch, 48.0 L in 1984 (0.5% sap); yellow birch, 28.4 L in 1985 (0.5% sap); red maple, 30.6 L in 1985 (2.3% sap); sugar maple, 53.5 L in 1985 (4.5% sap). Sap analyses showed the average total carbohydrate content of all birch saps and all maple saps was 9.2 and 24.5 g/L, respectively. The average sugar contents of the syrups from the birch saps and the maple saps were 302 and 711 g/L, respectively. The average pH of birch and maple saps were similar but the average pH of the syrups obtained from the birch saps was substantially lower than that of the syrups obtained from the maple saps.

scholarly journals Tolerant hardwood natural regeneration 15 years after various silvicultural treatments on an industrial freehold of northwestern New Brunswick

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (04) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Béland ◽  
Bruno Chicoine
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Selection Cutting

We examined applicability of various partial cutting systems in order to regenerate tolerant hardwood stands dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccarhum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) on northern New Brunswick J.D. Irving Ltd. freehold land. Sampling of 1065 one-m2 plots in 31 stands managed by selection cutting, shelterwood method and strip or patch cutting and in six control stands allowed a 15-year retrospective study of natural regeneration in stands of low residual densities and with minimal soil disturbance and no control of competing vegetation. Beech regeneration was most abundant in the patch cuts, yellow birch in shelterwood stands and sugar maple in the selection system areas. Results suggest that initial stand conditions influence the composition of the regeneration more than the prescribed treatment. At the stand scale (a few hectares), sugar maple recruitment was positively influenced by its proportion in the initial stand, and negatively by the cover of herbs and shrubs. Yellow birch regeneration was mainly affected by shrub competition. At the plot (1 m2) scale, mineral soil and decayed wood substrates and ground-level transmitted light were determinant factors for yellow birch regeneration. Beech-dominated stands were likely to regenerate to beech. A dense beech sucker understory was promoted in harvested patches. Areas with dense understory of American beech, shrubs, or herbs require site preparation to reduce interference either before or at the time of partial cutting. Shelterwood seed cutting and selection cutting should leave a residual of 12 m2/ha and 17 m2/ha respectively in seed trees uniformly distributed.

SUGAR PRODUCTION BY WHITE AND YELLOW BIRCHES

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. V. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Birch Trees

White and yellow birch trees produced an abundance of sap, but the yield of sugar was on the average only about one-third that of the sugar maple. Results indicate that yellow birch sap contains invert sugar with small amounts of sucrose, and that white birch sap contains a mixture of fructose and invert sugar. Syrups prepared from white and yellow birch saps by concentrating 100 times were similar in taste and appearance to commercial corn syrup.

Further Analysis of Ration and Growth Relationship of Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3237-3241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Zaky Rafail
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pleuronectes Platessa ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Power Equation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Weight Groups

Evidence is given that the average daily rations (R) and fortnightly growth increments (ΔW) of six weight groups of Pleuronectes platessa fed on Mytilus edulis are related as in the power equation ±(ΔW−ΔWm) = ±b(|R–Rm|)B. Rm is the daily ration associated with the growth increment (ΔWm) at maximum growth efficiency; b and B are parameters. The power B has a mean value of about 0.5 and shows significant deviations from the mean especially in the case of smaller fish.

Succession des micro-organismes à la suite de blessures artificielles au tronc chez le bouleau jaune (Betulaalleghaniensis Britt.) et l'érable à sucre (Acersaccharum Marsh.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Lavallée ◽  
Alain Bard
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
General Decay ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Linear Extent ◽  
Birch Trees

Xylem of sugar maple and yellow birch trees were exposed to natural infection by making axe blazes to simulate mechanical injuries. After 8, 21, and 34 months, dissection and isolations made from the discolored wood permitted the localization of certain microorganisms in three arbitrarily determined zones. Longitudinal and radial development of discoloration associated with wounds was more rapid in yellow birch than in sugar maple. There was evidence of a succession of organisms in the colonization of the wounds which was subsequent to the first discoloration process and involved different organisms in the two hosts. In general, decay fungi did not appear until after 21 months. Cytosporadecipiens occurred exclusively in discolored wood of sugar maple while Phialophora spp. and Cephalosporium sp. dominated the discolored wood of yellow birch. Bacteria were more frequent in yellow birch than in sugar maple. Relationships between size of injuries, linear extent of the discoloration produced, and identity of the various organisms involved are also presented.

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