Simulating the effect of forest fire on long-term annual timber supply

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Van Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Primary Result ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Area Burned

A model is described that incorporates the effects of forest fire on long-term equilibrium timber supply. Its form is a computer simulation that burns and harvests specified proportions of a hypothetical forest with a given yield curve of volume over age. The primary result is the extent to which the equilibrium maximum sustainable annual harvest is depresssed by fire. This depression is always greater than the volume killed on the burned area. On the other hand, when the annual area cut is somewhat below the optimum level, the volume of harvest is relatively insensitive to the amount of fire. The results imply that the real impact of fire in managed forests is properly judged by the effect of the harvest, not from data on area burned and volume killed.

scholarly journals Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite fire products

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Giglio ◽  
J. T. Randerson ◽  
G. R. van der Werf ◽  
P. S. Kasibhatla ◽  
G. J. Collatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract. Long term, high quality estimates of burned area are needed for improving both prognostic and diagnostic fire emissions models and for assessing feedbacks between fire and the climate system. We developed global, monthly burned area estimates aggregated to 0.5° spatial resolution for the time period July 1996 through mid-2009 using four satellite data sets. From 2001–2009, our primary data source was 500-m burned area maps produced using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance imagery; more than 90% of the global area burned during this time period was mapped in this fashion. During times when the 500-m MODIS data were not available, we used a combination of local regression and regional regression trees developed over periods when burned area and Terra MODIS active fire data were available to indirectly estimate burned area. Cross-calibration with fire observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) allowed the data set to be extended prior to the MODIS era. With our data set we estimated that the global annual area burned for the years 1997–2008 varied between 330 and 431 Mha, with the maximum occurring in 1998. We compared our data set to the recent GFED2, L3JRC, GLOBCARBON, and MODIS MCD45A1 global burned area products and found substantial differences in many regions. Lastly, we assessed the interannual variability and long-term trends in global burned area over the past 13 years. This burned area time series serves as the basis for the third version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED3) estimates of trace gas and aerosol emissions.

scholarly journals SOME DETAILS OF FOREST FIRE STATISTICS IN BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Viana Soares1 ◽  
Juliana Ferreira Santos ◽  
Antonio Carlos Batista
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Fire Statistics ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Previous Group

The objective of this research was to answer some questions about forest fire occurrence in Brazil. A total of 19,377 fires were analyzed in the period 1998 – 2002. Tabulated data, in percentage, were transformed throughand then submitted to the analysis of variance. The means were compared through the SNK test at 5% significance level. Results showed significant differences both, in number of fires and burned areas along the months of the year. August was the month with higher number of fires, followed by July, October and September; August, September and November presented the highest burned areas. Significant differences were also detected among the group causes and along the daily hours. Incendiary was the leading cause, statistically different from the other groups, both in number of fires and burned area. About 69% of the fires, corresponding to 66% of the burned area occurred between 12 noon to 6:00 PM. Number of fires starting hourly, from 1:00 PM to 4:00 PM, didn’t differ statistically among them, but were significantly different from the other daily hours. As for the burned areas, fires starting at 5:00 PM should be included in the previous group. No statistical difference was detected among the days of the week both, for the number of fires and the burned areas, showing that, on the contrary of the popular belief, fires don’t preferentially occur during the weekends.  

BLOCKING STRATEGIES FOR A FIRE CONTROL PROBLEM

2008 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO BRESSAN ◽  
MARIA BURAGO ◽  
ARTHUR FRIEND ◽  
JESSICA JOU
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Control Problem ◽  
Differential Inclusion ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Isotropic Case ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Preferred Direction

In this paper, we analyze different strategies, in a problem of optimal confinement of a forest fire. The area burned by the fire at time t > 0 is modeled as the reachable set for a differential inclusion ẋ ∈ F(x), starting from an initial set R0. To encircle the fire, a wall can be constructed progressively in time, at a given speed. We examine the minimum construction speed which is needed to completely encircle the fire, by means of one single wall. Different strategies are then compared, by a theoretical analysis and by numerical experiments, to determine which one minimizes the total burned area. We consider first the isotropic case, where the fire propagates uniformly in all directions, and then a more general case, where the wind blows the fire in one preferred direction.

scholarly journals Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite fire products

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 11577-11622 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Giglio ◽  
J. T. Randerson ◽  
G. R. van der Werf ◽  
P. S. Kasibhatla ◽  
G. J. Collatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract. Long term, high quality estimates of burned area are needed for improving both prognostic and diagnostic fire emissions models and for assessing feedbacks between fire and the climate system. We developed global, monthly burned area estimates aggregated to 0.5° spatial resolution for the time period July 1996 through mid-2009 using four satellite data sets. From 2001–2009, our primary data source was 500-m burned area maps produced using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance imagery; more than 90% of the global area burned during this time period was mapped in this fashion. During times when the 500-m MODIS data were not available, we used a combination of local regression and regional regression trees to develop relationships between burned area and Terra MODIS active fire data. Cross-calibration with fire observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) allowed the data set to be extended prior to the MODIS era. With our data set we estimated the global annual area burned for the years 1997–2008 varied between 330 and 431 Mha, with the maximum occurring in 1998. We compared our data set to the recent GFED2, L3JRC, GLOBCARBON, and MODIS MCD45A1 global burned area products and found substantial differences in many regions. Lastly, we assessed the interannual variability and long-term trends in global burned area over the past 12 years. This burned area time series serves as the basis for the third version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED3) estimates of trace gas and aerosol emissions.

Climatic influences on interannual variability in regional burn severity across western US forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Abatzoglou ◽  
Crystal A. Kolden ◽  
A. Park Williams ◽  
James A. Lutz ◽  
Alistair M. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Western Us

Interannual variability in burn severity is assessed across forested ecoregions of the western United States to understand how it is influenced by variations in area burned and climate during 1984–2014. Strong correlations (|r| > 0.6) between annual area burned and climate metrics were found across many of the studied regions. The burn severity of individual fires and fire seasons was weakly, but significantly (P < 0.05), correlated with burned area across many regions. Interannual variability in fuel dryness evaluated with fuel aridity metrics demonstrated weak-to-moderate (|r| >0.4) relationships with regional burn severity, congruent with but weaker than those between climate and area burned for most ecoregions. These results collectively suggest that irrespective of other factors, long-term increases in fuel aridity will lead to increased burn severity in western United States forests for existing vegetation regimes.

scholarly journals Estudio crítico de los índices de severidad y la superficie afectada por el incendio de Sierra de Luna (Zaragoza)

2017 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
R. Guillem-Cogollos ◽  
D. Vinué-Visús ◽  
V. Caselles-Miralles ◽  
H. Espinós-Morató
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Forested Areas

<p>To determine the area burned by fire and its associated severity related to this forest fire taken place in Sierra de Luna (Zaragoza), on July 4th, 2015, three spectral indices derived from Landsat-8 imagery have been calculated: NDVI, NBR and BAI. Comparing the results obtained from each of them, in a wildland fire with extensive crop areas surrounded by forested areas, it has been demonstrated that combination of ΔNBR and BAI substantially improves the calculation of the burned area, concerning both in its external perimeter and in the unburned zones inside of the perimeter. For severity calculation is proposed a new methodology based on before and after NBR differences and its BAI combination, as a function pre-fire values of NBR and NDVI indices.</p>

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

Hidden “holes” in the capital of banks and the supply of credit to the real sector of economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The One

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.

Interrelationships between municipal spatial policy strategy and airport operation and development. Lodz Airport case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nikorowicz-Zatorska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The One ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract The present paper focuses on spatial management regulations in order to carry out investment in the field of airport facilities. The construction, upgrades, and maintenance of airports falls within the area of responsibility of local authorities. This task poses a great challenge in terms of organisation and finances. On the one hand, an active airport is a municipal landmark and drives local economic, social and cultural development, and on the other, the scale of investment often exceeds the capabilities of local authorities. The immediate environment of the airport determines its final use and prosperity. The objective of the paper is to review legislation that affects airports and the surrounding communities. The process of urban planning in Lodz and surrounding areas will be presented as a background to the problem of land use management in the vicinity of the airport. This paper seeks to address the following questions: if and how airports have affected urban planning in Lodz, does the land use around the airport prevent the development of Lodz Airport, and how has the situation changed over the time? It can be assumed that as a result of lack of experience, land resources and size of investments on one hand and legislative dissonance and peculiar practices on the other, aviation infrastructure in Lodz is designed to meet temporary needs and is characterised by achieving short-term goals. Cyclical problems are solved in an intermittent manner and involve all the municipal resources, so there’s little left to secure long-term investments.

Planning a system of permanent sample plots for integrated long-term studies of community-based forest management

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Meilby ◽  
L Puri ◽  
M Christensen ◽  
S Rayamajhi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Long Term Studies

To monitor the development of four community-managed forests, networks of permanent sample plots were established in 2005 at sites in Chitwan, Kaski and Mustang Districts, Nepal. This research note documents the procedures used when preparing for establishment of the plot networks, evaluates the applied stratification of the forest on the basis of data gathered in pilot surveys conducted in the early 2005, and provides a discussion on the implications of the choices made. Key words: Community-managed forests; permanent sample plots; stratification; allocation; estimates Banko Janakari Vol.16(2) 2006 pp.3-11

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document