Relative effectiveness of nutrient concentrations in living foliage and needle fall at predicting response of loblolly pine to N and P fertilization

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lea ◽  
R. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Site Variation

Concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg but not K in loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) needle fall were significantly correlated with their respective levels in both young and older living foliage; correlations were generally highest with levels in the older foliage. Tissue P concentrations were significantly correlated with 5-year response to P fertilization, while tissue N concentrations were poor predictors of response to N fertilization. No single tissue type exhibited any superiority at predicting fertilizer response. Needle fall was easier to collect than living foliage but showed greater within-site variation.

Have repeated applications of nitrogen and phosphorus to a loblolly pine plantation changed stand productivity and soil nutrient supply?

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer (Bennett) Phelan ◽  
H. Lee Allen
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total System ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Stand Productivity

To develop a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization regime that produces long-term increases in stand productivity and soil nutrient supply in loblolly pine plantations, a series of N + P fertilizer studies were established in the Southeastern United States. One of these installations was examined partway through the study to determine if changes to stand productivity and soil nutrient supply had already been achieved. Stand growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for 6 years, and during the third year, a seedling bioassay was conducted with soil collected from the highest fertilization and nonfertilized treatments. Annual stand growth was increased by 14%–27% in the fertilized plots suggesting that the fertilizer regime improved stand productivity. However, results from the seedling bioassay showed that only P fertilization had caused changes in soil nutrient supply. Seedling P contents in the fertilized treatments were 3.6 times larger than those in the nonfertilized treatments. In contrast, total system N contents were equivalent in the fertilized and nonfertilized systems, and extractable nitrate (NO3–), ammonium (NH4+), and biologically active N were higher in the nonfertilized soils. Future measurements and seedlings bioassay assessments should be conducted to determine when and if long-term changes in soil quality and stand productivity are achieved.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION AND RAINFALL ON WHEAT PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Naidin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Rainfall Deficit ◽  
Higher Doses

In this paper, we analyze the influence of N and P fertilization on wheat yields, taking into account the previous crop and the level of rainfall accumulated until the end of the growth stages in plant development. In the wheat crops developed on the reddish-brown low luvi soil found at ARDS Simnic, the N fertilization has favorable effects in moderate doses (60 - 100 kg N/ha after corn and 60 - 90 kg N/ha after peas), while in higher doses (120 - 160 kg N/ha) fertilization determines a fall in production, both in the case of rainfall deficit and excess. The P has favorable effects on wheat crops, especially when the previous crop is peas. The rainfall quantity, as well as its repartition along the vegetation period, influences the wheat crop, causing great variations from year to year. The obtained data shows that rainfall deficit as well as rainfall excess determines a drop in wheat production; relatively high and stable average productions can be obtained in the case of rainfall levels close to the multi annual averages in different plant development stages.

scholarly journals Dual-Cropping Loblolly Pine for Biomass Energy and Conventional Wood Products

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Andrew Scott ◽  
Allan Tiarks
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Small Diameter Trees ◽  
Viable Method

Abstract Southern pine stands have the potential to provide significant feedstocks for the growing biomass energy and biofuel markets. Although initial feedstocks likely will come from low-value small-diameter trees, understory vegetation, and slash, a sustainable and continuous supply of biomass is necessary to support and grow a wood bioenergy market. As long as solidwood products are more valuable, bioenergy production will not be the primary market for southern pine. A study exploring a dual-cropping system for southern pine bioenergy and solidwood products was begun in 1982 in Louisiana to determine the phosphorus (P) nutritional requirements of the system. Fertilization of 60 kg ha−1 of P was required to produce 90% of the maximum volume at the age of 22 years. Direct-seeding pine in the interrows of a traditional pine plantation produced about 10.2 Mg ha−1 of biomass for energy at the age of 5 years but had no lasting effect on the planted pine height, diameter, or standing volume. The system is a viable method to produce both bioenergy and solidwood products. Herbaceous competition control and nitrogen (N) fertilization likely would make the system even more productive and profitable.

Long-term dynamics of mycorrhizal root tips in a loblolly pine forest grown with free-air CO2enrichment and soil N fertilization for 6 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth G. Pritchard ◽  
Benton N. Taylor ◽  
Emily R. Cooper ◽  
Katilyn V. Beidler ◽  
Allan E. Strand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Free Air

A multivariate approach to plant mineral nutrition: dose–response relationships and nutrient dominance in factorial experiments

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2138-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Shaver ◽  
M. J. Lechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Canonical Variates Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
K Fertilization

Canonical variates analysis was used to compare the effects of fertilization on the concentrations of five mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) in young shoot tissues of six tundra plant species of three different growth forms. There were two specific objectives: (i) to determine whether it was possible to describe meaningful dose–response relationships in a multivariate response to fertilization, and (ii) to determine the multivariate effect of N plus P fertilization in comparison with the effects of N or P added alone. The results showed that low levels of N–P–K fertilization caused a shift in multivariate nutrient content that was intermediate between the control values and the shift caused by high fertilization, and in the same direction as the latter. In a June harvest, the effect of N plus P fertilization was very similar to the effect of N fertilization alone. However, in August the N plus P effect was dominated by the response to P alone. In all of the analyses, the fundamental similarities and differences among unfertilized plants of each species and growth form were maintained under fertilization.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Fertilization of Loblolly Pine in the Sandhills of the Southeastern United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Thomas R. Fox ◽  
Colleen A. Carlson ◽  
Rafael A. Rubilar
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Response Decisions ◽  
Research And Education

Abstract We examined growth responses to fertilization applied one or two times at three Sandhill sites versus annually at the Southeast Tree Research and Education Site (SETRES; and also in the Sandhills) and compared observed responses to the Southwide average response for midrotation fertilization (55 ft3 ac−1 year−1). At sites 1 and 2, average annual volume growth response (AVG) was significantly less (39 and 43%, respectively) than at SETRES, whereas site 3 AVG was similar to that of SETRES. At sites 2, 3, and SETRES, the AVGs of 82, 90, and 128 ft3 ac−1 year−1, respectively, significantly exceeded the Southwide average response of 55 ft3 ac−1 year−1. The diameter class with the most stems per acre at sites 2 and 3 increased 2 in. with fertilization. Resulting diameters were less than chip-n-saw size. Sandhill site fertilization may be appropriate where the superpulp premium is sufficient or wet-condition wood supply is limited. However, given the large Sandhill site fertilizer response, decisions regarding spacing, thinning, product goals, and fertilization become interdependent and require adequate planning to maximize economic return from fertilization. Foliar nutrient concentration assessments were recommended to identify nutrients other than nitrogen and phosphorus that may limit growth when fertilizing Sandhill sites.

Effects of base cation fertilization on soil and foliage nutrient concentrations, and litter-fall and throughfall nutrient fluxes in a sugar maple forest

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Fyles ◽  
B. Côté ◽  
F. Courchesne ◽  
W.H. Hendershot ◽  
S. Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Cycling System

Application of base cation fertilizers is widely used to ameliorate decline symptoms in hardwood forests in southern Quebec, but little is known about the effects of fertilization on nutrient cycling. Control and fertilized plots in a sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) dominated stand were monitored over a 4-year period to determine the effects of fertilization on exchangeable soil base cations in soil, foliar nutrient concentrations, and fluxes of N, K, Ca, and Mg in litter fall and throughfall. Fertilization had a large, immediate effect on exchangeable K, whereas effects on Ca and Mg were delayed and restricted to the organic forest floor, presumably because of the lower solubility of the limestone-based Ca and Mg components of the fertilizer. Fertilization raised pH in the organic forest floor the second and third years after application but had no effect in the B horizon. Foliar K, Ca, and Mg were elevated in the year of fertilization, but foliar concentrations of Ca and Mg did not differ from, or were lower than, controls in following years. Litter-fall K flux was increased by fertilization, but litter-fall Ca and Mg fluxes and all through-fall base cation fluxes were unaffected. In control plots, nutrient concentrations in soil remained relatively constant throughout the study, but foliar concentrations and, in particular, litter-fall fluxes varied widely from year to year. This natural variation caused control plots to shift from a state of deficiency in N, Ca, and Mg to a nutrient-sufficient state between the first and second years of study. Fertilization effects are superimposed on a naturally variable nutrient cycling system, and controls on this variability must be understood if fertilizer response is to be accurately predicted.

Using silvicultural practices to regulate competition, resource availability, and growing conditions for Pinus palustris seedlings underplanted in Pinus taeda forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Knapp ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Joan L. Walker ◽  
Huifeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the southeastern United States, many forest managers are interested in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to upland sites that currently support loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We quantified the effects of four canopy treatments (uncut Control; MedBA, harvest to 9 m2·ha−1; LowBA, harvest to 5 m2·ha−1; and Clearcut) and three cultural treatments (NT, no treatment; H, herbicide release of longleaf pine seedlings; and H+F, herbicide release plus fertilization) on resource availability and growing conditions in relation to longleaf pine seedling response for 3 years. Harvesting treatments reduced competition from canopy trees but resulted in greater abundance of understory vegetation. Harvesting shifted the interception of light from the canopy to the subcanopy vegetation layer; however, total light availability at the forest floor increased with the intensity of canopy removal. Soil moisture was not affected by harvesting or by the cultural treatments. Foliar nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) of longleaf pine seedlings generally increased with the intensity of the harvest treatment. Of the plant resources measured, we found that light was most strongly correlated with longleaf pine seedling growth and that incorporating the interception of light by subcanopy vegetation improved the relationship over that of canopy light transmittance alone.

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