Barking damage by snowshoe hares and red squirrels in lodgepole pine stands in central British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Pine Stands

Barking damage by snowshoe hares (Lepusamericanus Erxleben) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurushudsonicus Erxleben) is common in overstocked stands of juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinusconforta Dougl.) in central British Columbia. Average proportion of potential crop trees damaged by hares was 30.0% and by squirrels was 37.7%. Most hare feeding injuries occurred in heavily stocked (> 20 000 stems/ha) stands, whereas squirrel damage was most common in less dense stands. Both animal species damaged trees in thinned stands, and hence may have a serious impact on stocking control programs in lodgepole pine.

Reduction of mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attacks by verbenone in lodgepole pine stands in British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Lindgren ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
G. H. Cushon ◽  
L. J. Chong ◽  
C. J. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Release Devices

The effect of the aggregation-inhibiting pheromone verbenone on mountain pine beetle attacks in lodgepole pine stands was assessed by affixing verbenone release devices on trees on a 10 × 10 m grid. In one experiment, aggregation to trees baited with an attractive combination of trans-verbenol, exo-brevicomin, and myrcene was reduced in verbenone-treated blocks compared with control blocks (attractive baits only). The mean number of trees with mass attacks (≥31.3 attacks/m2), mean percentage of available trees mass attacked, and mean total number of trees infested were reduced by 74.3, 66.7, and 58.5%, respectively. The ratio of 1987 attacks to 1986 attacks was reduced from 14.0 to 2.6. In a second experiment, using no attractive baits, verbenone caused similar but nonsignificant reductions. The mean number of trees with mass attacks, mean percentage of available trees mass attacked, and mean total number of trees infested were reduced by 75.2, 53.5, and 62.1%, respectively. The 1987 to 1986 attack ratio was reduced from 13.2 in control blocks to 0.2 in the verbenone-treated blocks, and the percentage of trees that were infested but not mass attacked was significantly increased, from 45.7% in the control blocks to 63.2% in the verbenone-treated blocks. We conclude that verbenone shows promise as a management tool for controlling the mountain pine beetle.

scholarly journals Winter Habitat Use by Moose, Alces alces, in Central Interior British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Proulx ◽  
Rhonda M. Kariz
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

In central British Columbia, recent epidemics of Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) have resulted in the use of expansive clearcut areas to remove infested mature and old Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) stands. This study aimed to determine if Moose (Alces alces) use late-successional Lodgepole Pine stands in mid- to late-winter. Moose activity and habitat use was determined during February-March track surveys in 2000 (60 km) and 2001 (55.7 km). In 2000 (69 tracks) and 2001 (313 tracks), Moose track distribution differed significantly (P < 0.05) from random. They were significantly more abundant than predicted in young stands (dominated by Picea spp.), or early seral stages; they were less abundant than predicted in mature and old Lodgepole Pine stands. It is unlikely that harvesting late-successional Lodgepole Pine stands would affect Moose winter habitat supply.

Density and distribution of advance regeneration in mountain pine beetle killed lodgepole pine stands of the Montane Spruce zone of southern British Columbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2826-2836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Nigh ◽  
Joseph A. Antos ◽  
Roberta Parish
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
South Central ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

Insect outbreaks, such as the current mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests in British Columbia, are major disturbances in many forests. After an insect outbreak, the advance regeneration typically forms a new canopy, which may be adequate for timber objectives in some stands. Our purpose was to quantify and then model the abundance and spatial distribution of advance regeneration (trees <10.0 m tall). We sampled understory and overstory trees in 28 lodgepole pine stands in south-central British Columbia at two spatial scales: 0.1 ha plots and 25 m2 subplots. We developed models predicting advance regeneration abundance and spatial distribution. Density of advance regeneration averaged 2689 trees/ha (range 120 to 23 000 trees/ha), most of which were <1 m tall. Although advance regeneration was clumped, 75% of the subplots contained at least one individual. Models indicated negative relationships of advance regeneration abundance to overstory basal area and density. Over half the stands had enough advance regeneration to form new stands of adequate density, indicating that use of advance regeneration is a viable option in this mountain pine beetle outbreak and probably other insect disturbances.

Stem Diseases of Lodgepole Pine in the British Columbia Interior Following Juvenile Spacing

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp ◽  
M. Spence
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Original Number ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
And Control

The incidence of western gall rust, stalactiform and comandra blister rust, and atropellis canker was measured in four sets of permanent sample plots in young lodgepole pine stands in the interior of British Columbia in 1980 shortly following operational juvenile spacing and again in 1985. The incidence of these diseases in 1980 was often higher in the spaced areas than in unspaced controls indicating that comandra rust infections occurred with equal frequency in spaced and control areas while the increase in the incidence of stalactiform rust was much greater in thinned than in unthinned control areas. The pattern for atropellis canker was not clear. The proportion of trees with one or more infections by these diseases in 1980, and the number of infections per diseased tree, increased significantly with diameter in both thinned and control areas. By 1985 only 60.8 percent of the original number of trees in the thinned areas and 74.8 percent in unthinned control areas remained free of stem infections or threatening branch infections by these diseases.

Relationship between phloem thickness and lodgepole pine growth characteristics

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Shrimpton ◽  
A. J. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Poor Predictor ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

Depth of the phloem (inner bark) layers in lodgepole pine (Pinusconforta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) is a factor in the development of outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk.). Five lodgepole pine stands in the interior of British Columbia spanning the ages affected by this beetle (47–147 years) were studied. Relationships were determined between thickness of the phloem layer and radial and area increments over various periods of time, as well as DBH. The thickness of the phloem layer declined over the age spanned in this study. The best predictor of phloem thickness was the basal area increment in the 6–10 years before sampling. Diameter was a poor predictor of phloem thickness.

scholarly journals Pest Damage Incidence in Natural and Thinned Lodgepole Pine in Alberta

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Bella
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
West Central ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Management Implication

Thinned stands of young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) in west-central Alberta had a higher incidence of attack by common pest organisms than unthinned stands. Based on a sample of nearly 3000 potential crop trees (on 240 temporary plots) growing on 120 naturally regenerated cut blocks, the rate of attack in thinned vs. unthinned stands was 30% and 18% for western gall rust (Endo-cronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka) and 25%. and 16% for leader damage due to terminal weevil (Pissodes terminalis Hopp.) and pitch twig moth (Petrova spp.) Damage from other agents, including that from small mammals, was low and little affected by thinning. Forest management implication of these results are discussed. Key words: western gall rust terminal weevil, pitch twig moth, snowshoe hares, red squirrels.

scholarly journals Impact of a Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak on Young Lodgepole Pine Stands in Central British Columbia

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3483-3500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalesh Dhar ◽  
Nicole Balliet ◽  
Kyle Runzer ◽  
Christopher Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

Changes in stand structure in uneven-aged lodgepole pine stands impacted by mountain pine beetle epidemics and fires in central British Columbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi N. Axelson ◽  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
Brad C. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

We examined the development of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) in uneven-aged stands in the Interior Douglasfir (IDF) biogeoclimatic zone of central of British Columbia (B.C.), which are currently undergoing a massive outbreak of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; MPB). Using historical ecological approaches, dendrochronology, and stand measurement data, we determined the roles MPB and fire disturbances have played in the ecological processes of lodgepole pine in an Interior Douglas-fir zone. We found that multiple mixed-severity fires created patchy uneven-aged stands dominated by lodgepole pine. Since fire suppression in the 20th century, multiple MPB disturbances have maintained the structural complexity of the stands and favoured regeneration of lodgepole pine in the understory despite the absence of fire, resulting in self-perpetuating multi-age lodgepole pine stands. Analysis of the stand structures remaining after multiple MPB outbreaks showed that, even with high overstory mortality, the sample stands contained several MPB-initiated cohorts, consisting of younger and smaller-diameter lodgepole pine. These surviving lodgepole pine layers, which are less susceptible to beetle, will provide important ecological legacies, and could play an important role in the mid-term timber supply chain. We concluded that, in the absence of fire, the MPB plays a more frequent role in directing stand dynamics and structure in uneven-aged lodgepole pine stands resulting in selfperpetuating complex stands in the central interior. We compared and contrasted these findings with those obtained in “even-aged” lodgepole pine stands, also in the Interior Douglas-fir zone in the southern interior, which were investigated in an earlier study. Key words: lodgepole pine, mountain pine beetle, dendroecology, complex stands, mixed-severity fire regime

Use of index lines and damage assessments to estimate population densities of snowshoe hares

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Pine Stands

This study reports on the use of index lines to estimate the abundance of snowshoe hares in lodgepole pine stands in central British Columbia, Canada. Density estimates and related demographic information from the index lines were compared with a standard set of lines superimposed on a 9-ha grid. During the summer of a peak year in abundance, index line trapping provided reasonably accurate estimates of hare densities on a grid system. There was little variation in the demographic variables of reproduction, body weight, and sex ratio between line- and grid-sampled populations. Hare abundance and barking damage (feeding injuries to trees) were greater in heavily stocked stands of lodgepole pine than in lightly stocked stands. Index lines provide a rapid and economical survey method for censusing snowshoe hares in lodgepole pine stands.

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