Including equity in the evaluation of outdoor recreation benefits

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Harou
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Weighting Scheme ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Recreation Benefits

Previous research has shown that forest recreation activities are characterized by high income level participants. If planners introduce an income distribution dimension in the evaluation of recreation benefits, this inequity could be corrected. A straightforward method of weighting benefits is presented here. The travel cost method is used to derive consumer surplus for a recreational site for two different income categories. The weighting scheme is then applied to the consumer surplus calculations to arrive at revised measures of recreation benefits.

scholarly journals The improvement of solidwaste management in Cibodas Botanical Garden through environmental economic valuation using the travel cost method

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Iwan Juwana ◽  
Muhammad Sirdar Albar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Total Economic Value

Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) is believed to have high environmental value for its function as conservation area and beautiful scenery. However, prior to this research, there is lack of economic valuation to determine the total value of CBG, including its environment. The local government, on the other hand, needs such environmental economic valuation to execute better decisions related to the CBG. This study aims at providing the mostly-needed economic valuation through the application of Travel Cost Method. The Travel Cost Method (TCM) is a method to calculate the economic value of products or services that do not own market value. This method utilises total cost of consumers who travel to certain places, preferably tourist destinations. The cost spent by consumers are considered as their willingness to pay (WTP) for the visited destination(s). In this study, TCM is used by preparing questionnaires for Cibodas visitors, analysing the results of the questionnaires, calculating the total economic value (TEV) of Cibodas, determining the consumer surplus, and proposing environmental programs at CBG. At the end, it was calculated that the TEV of Cibodas Botanical Garden is IDR113,072,532,700 with average WTP of the visitors IDR202,484 per visitor and the consumer surplus of IDR32,344 per visitor. Also, this study reveals that solid waste management improvement at CBG can be funded by potential income from the consumer surplus.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation on the tourism and recreational values of Can Gio biosphere reserve by adopting the travel cost method

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Minh Vo ◽  
Thanh Thi Tu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Can Gio Mangrove

The research aims at estimating the tourism and recreational values of Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, Ho Chi Minh City, specifically, assessed the tourism potential via the willingness-to-pays of respondents (including domestic tourists and local people) for sustaining the landscape and regenerating natural resources as well as protecting the environment. The zone travel cost method was adopted in this study, to firstly plot the demand curve and then to estimate the values of recreation for visitors, eventually, come up with the total economic value of natural resources and environment of the research site. The results showed that the total recreational value of this resort is 6,542.3 billion VND while the consumer surplus values that visitors would receive from tourism activities are 1,389 billion VND. Each the tourist is willing to pay 107 thousand VND to improve the quality of tourism services, upgrading the infrastructure, sustaining the environmental quality and protecting the pristine look of the landscape.

scholarly journals The Economic Valuation of Marjoly Beach and Resort Tour with Travel Cost Method (Travel Cost Method) Bintan District, Riau Islands Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Tri Dian Handayani ◽  
Trisla Warningsih ◽  
Lamun Bathara
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
Method Approach

This research was conducted at Marjoly Beach and Resort, Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province. This study aims to describe the accommodation and entertainment as well as the socio-economic characteristics of visitors to Marjoly Beach and Resort, to analyze the factors that influence tourist visits to Marjoly Beach and Resort, to analyze the amount of economic value obtained by Marjoly Beach and Resort by accidental sampling with a total of 30 respondents. . The data needed in this research include primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression and from consumer surplus using the travel cost method. Respondents are determined using the travel cost method approach by estimating the economic value seen from the consumer surplus. The results showed that the total travel costs incurred by all visitors as respondents were around Rp. 38,035,000. Factors that influence tourist visits to Marjoly Beach and Resort are travel costs, income and age. The consumer surplus value obtained from the travel cost method is Rp. 50,276,669.60/ person per year or Rp. 17,955,953.4/ person per visit, then the total economic value obtained from assuming a surplus of tourism consumers in Marjoly Beach and Resort is Rp. 2,295,129,967.25.

scholarly journals An economic evaluation of a forest park using the individual travel cost method (a case study of Ghaleh Rudkhan forest park in northern Iran)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Zandi ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei ◽  
Neda Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Recreational Value ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe true economic value of ecosystem services may not be reflected in market transactions, because there is no real transaction for ecosystem services in the market. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the cost of time and travel to define the value people place on something in the absence of a market price. This study estimates the recreational value of Ghaleh Rudkhan forest park in the north of Iran using the individual travel cost method. This method is considered to be a substitute approach for the market. The data required were collected using questionnaires. Therefore, 271 questionnaires were randomly distributed between the visitors of the recreational site in 2016. In this study, a linear function is used to estimate the effects of explanatory variables including economic and social variables on the number of visits to estimate the recreational value of the forest park. Results showed that a consumer surplus of each person for their visit was 21500 Rials and the annual recreational value of the park was 78390595 Rials per ha. Furthermore, the variables such as travel expenses, income, distance, family size and visitor’s age are effective factors in the recreational use of the park. The results of this study can improve the quality of environmental services of the Ghaleh Rudkhan forest park and could expand the variety of services that they could supply based on the demand of the people.

scholarly journals Estimating Recreational Value of Foy's Lake: An Application of Travel Cost Count Data Model for Truncated Zeros

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Touhidul Alam ◽  
Anis-Ul-Ekram Chowdury ◽  
Md. Sajib Hossian
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Recreational Value ◽  
Recreational Benefits

To estimate the recreational value provided by the Foy’s Lake annually using the most applicable model for on-site data is the main objective of this study. Adhere to the objective of this study; Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) has been applied and Zero Truncated Poisson Regression Model has been found plausible among other models to estimate consumer surplus. Based on the findings of the study, an estimate of the consumer surplus or recreational benefits per trip per visitor can be recommended as BDT 5,875 or US $ 73.44 and counting the consumer surplus per trip per visitor, the annual recreational value (total consumer surplus) provided by the lake is found to be BDT 321 million or US $ 40.2 million.

scholarly journals Study on the Appraisal of Tourism Demands and Recreation Benefits for Nanwan Beach, Kenting, Taiwan

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ming Dong ◽  
Chien-Chi Lin ◽  
Shu-Ping Lin
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Endogenous Stratification ◽  
Recreation Benefits ◽  
Kenting National Park

This study implemented a questionnaire survey on tourists to the Nanwan Beach, Kenting, Taiwan and then applied the travel cost method to appraise the recreation benefits of the Nanwan Beach. The truncated Poisson model (TPOIS), truncated negative binomial distribution model, and on-site Poisson model were applied in view of the errors caused by truncated samples and endogenous stratification, and the results indicated that: (1) The on-site Poisson model was more suitable than the other two models for estimating the recreation benefits of Nanwan; (2) the three recreational benefit indicators (consumer surplus, compensation variation, and equivalent variation) estimated using the TPOIS model were all significantly greater than those of the on-site Poisson model; (3) the on-site Poisson model estimated the price elasticity and income elasticity of the tourism demands for Nanwan as −0.329 and 0.187, respectively; and (4) on the basis of the on-site Poisson model, the consumer surplus for Nanwan was NT$9639 (approximately US$289) per person per visit, and the annual gross recreation benefits were approximate NT$8.022 billion. The results are expected to provide a valuable reference for management and planning policies of the Kenting National Park.

scholarly journals Testing Significance of Multi-Destination and Multi-Purpose Trip Effects in a Travel Cost Method Demand Model for Whale Watching Trips

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Loomis ◽  
Shizuka Yorizane ◽  
Douglas Larson
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
Travel Cost Model ◽  
Recreation Site

Inclusion of multi-destination and multi-purpose visitors has an appreciable influence on a standard count data travel cost model derived estimate of willingness to pay but the differences are not statistically significant. We adapt a more general travel cost model (TCM) of Parsons and Wilson (1997) that allows for inclusion of multi-destination visitors as incidental demand to allow estimation of an unbiased measure of single and multi-destination willingness to pay for whale viewing using a single pooled equation. The primary purpose trip values from the standard TCM and simple generalized TCM model are identical at $43 per person per day and neither are significantly different from the $50 day value from a generalized model that distinguishes between joint and incidental trips. The general models avoid underestimation of total recreation site benefits that would result from omitting the consumer surplus of multi-destination visitors.

scholarly journals Economic Valuation of Marine Tourism in Small Island Using Travel Cost Method (Case Study: Untung Jawa Island, Indonesia)

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Zulpikar ◽  
Leo Alexander Tambunan ◽  
Siti Rahmi Utami ◽  
Warsono El Kiyat
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Tourist Demand

Marine tourism activities in small islands have an important role in the development of Indonesia maritime sector. This study aimed to estimate the economic value of marine tourism activities in Untung Jawa Island. Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) was selected to analyze the level of tourism demand of Untung Jawa. Samples were taken from three different season visits are weekday, weekend, and national holidays. The results showed the factors that have an effect on the level of tourist demand of Untung Jawa Island are travel cost, income, and distance to the location. The potential economic value of marine tourism Untung Jawa Island was IDR 68,505,101,600 with consumer surplus of IDR 397,592 per individual trip. This value is higher than the average of actual visitor expenditure which reached IDR 296,860 per individual trip. Tourism activity has a positive impact on economic conditions of local communities. The results of this study have provided useful information for sustainable management of marine resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document