Effect of cluster sampling in biomass tables construction: ratio estimators models

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kotimaki ◽  
T. Cunia
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Interval Estimates ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Independent Variable

To minimize field costs, it is ordinarily efficient to select sample trees by cluster sampling; that is, to select several trees from the same geographical location. But when the sample trees are used to construct biomass tables, it is also customary to use regression techniques based on the simple random sampling assumption. This procedure gives rise to errors in the statistical analysis that are largely ignored.A method is shown to evaluate the validity of the regression analysis when the undefined relationship between a dependent variable y and an independent variable x can be sufficiently well approximated by a line of the form y = βx. This method is then applied to two samples of trees selected in clusters of approximately five trees. The regression of nine variables y (various biomass components) on six variables x (functions of tree diameter and height) are then considered. It is shown that analyzing data selected by cluster sampling as data selected by simple random sampling results in relatively large errors in the interval estimates of β. More specifically, the confidence intervals based on the random sampling assumption are ordinarily found to be between 60 and 80% of those based on the cluster sampling assumption. Within the regression model used, however, the point estmates of β remained unchanged.

Effect of cluster sampling in biomass tables construction: linear regression models

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Briggs ◽  
T. Cunia
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Biomass Component ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Classical Linear Regression

To construct tree biomass tables it is customary to select the sample trees by cluster sampling and then to apply the classical least squares regression techniques under the assumption of simple random sampling. A modified linear regression procedure is proposed for which the assumption of simple random sampling is no longer required. The procedure can be used when (i) the regression of a biomass component on tree characteristics other than biomass can be approximated reasonably well by a linear function and (ii) the number of sample clusters is sufficiently large. Applied to two large cluster samples of trees, where the cluster size is approximately equal to five trees, and compared with the classical linear regression approach, the modified procedure results in biomass tables which arc essentially the same. The confidence intervals, however, are quite different. The classical least squares regression method results in intervals which, on the average, are about 60% as large as those calculated by the modified procedure.

Analisis Kadar Siklamat Pada Selai Tidak Bermerek Yang Dijual Di Pasar Tradisional Kota Makassar

Lontara ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Muawanah Muawanah ◽  
Nurhidayat Nurhidayat ◽  
Nur Qadri Rasyid ◽  
Susi Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Market Town ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Semi Solid

The jam is a semi-solid food made from fruit or other processed product. The manufacturing process can add food additives (BTP), one of which is artificial sweeteners such as cyclamate. Cyclamate can be harmful to health if consumed in levels that exceed the maximum limit.The purpose of this research was to identificate and determine the cyclamate content of unbranded jam in the traditional market town of makassar. The type of research used is laboratory observation with simple random sampling technique. This research  was conducted qualitatively (depositional method) and quantitatively (gravimetric method). Based on the results of the research from 7 (seven) samples of unmerck jam there were 2 (two) positive samples containing cyclamate with cyclamate levels obtained, namely the K sample 0f 42.273,78 mg/kg and sample T3 of 49, 822. 67 mg/kg. In this study it can be concluded that 2 (two) samples of unbranded jam contained cyclamate levels that exceed the maximum limit set by BPOM No. 4 of 2014, namely 1000 mg/kg and so it is not safe for consumption.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tumbuhnya Minat Belajar Siswa Di SD Islam Athirah Makassar Kelas 4

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Andi Fatmayanti ◽  
Tri Susantri
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Analysis Technique

Abstract. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the growing interest in learning of students in Athira Makassar Islamic Elementary school in class 4.1. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive survey method. The population of the research was 74 fourth grade students of Athira Makassar Islamic Elementary school, consist of 4 classes, the sampling using simple random sampling technique, so that class 4.1 was chosen as a sample of 20 students. Data were analyzed using statistical data analysis technique which consisted of editing, data tabulated stages, then presented and then presented in table form and described descriptively. The result showed a percentage of learning method 14,41%, the geographical location of the school 12,56%, phisycal indikator 11,78%, learning models 11,74%, talent 9,18%, learning models 8,54%, indikator of needs 6,28%, social competence 5,97%, building indikator 5,77%, personality competence 5,43%, and pedagogic competence 5,30%. It was concluded that the learning method was the most influential factor in the growth of student`s interest in learning at Athira Makassar Islamic Elementary school grade 4.Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi tumbuhnya minat belajar siswa di SD Islam Athirah Makassar kelas 4.1. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei deskriptif.Populasi penelitian adalah keseluruhan siswa kelas 4 SD  Islam Athirah Baruga Makassar berjumlah 74 orang siswa yang terdiri dari empat kelas, penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling, sehingga terpilih kelas 4.1 sebagai sampel yang berjumlah 20 orang siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data statistik yang terdiri dari tahap penyuntingan, input data, dan tahap tabulasi,selanjutnya dipersentasekan kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase metode pembelajaran 14,41%, letak geografis sekolah (12,56%), indikator fisik (11,78%), model pembelajaran (11,74%), bakat (9,18%), model pembelajaran (8,54%), indikator kebutuhan (6,28%), kompetensi sosial (5,97%), indikator bangunan (5,77%), kompetensi kepribadian (5,43%), dan kompetensi pedagogik (5,30%).Disimpulkan bahwa, metode pembelajaran adalah faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap tumbuhnya minat belajar siswa di SD Islam Athirah Makassar kelas 4.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ASI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 6 – 12 BULAN DI RW 04 DESA SAMBIBULU KECAMATAN TAMAN SIDOARJO

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Firdaus ◽  
Ayun Nif’ah
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Screening Questionnaire ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Independent Variable

This research is to observe the purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of breastfeeding toward the development of children aged 6 - 12 months living in RW 04 Sambibulu Village, Taman Sub-district, Sidoarjo. The design of  research was analytic  retrospective  study. The population involved 29 couples with their children aged 6  -  12 months living in the above mentioned region. The simple random sampling technique was used to take 27 couples as the samples of research. The independent variable of this research was breastfeeding, whereas the dependent one was  the child’s development. Questionnaires of breast and checklist of KPSP (Pre Screening Questionnaire for Child Development) were used to collect the data which analyzed by using Mann-Whitney’s statistic test with the significance level α = 0.05, it means that there was a relationship between breastfeeding and  the development of children p (0.000) < α (0.05)

scholarly journals PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUSKESMAS: STUDI KASUS KOTA BANJAR PROPINSI JAWA BARAT

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
M. Arry Djauhari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Structure Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling

Pemerintah Kota Banjar dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan masih tergantung kepada kebijakan perimbangan keuangan, karena terbatasnya sumberdaya yang di miliki. Implementasi kebijakan perimbangan keuangan yang belum optimal dengan indikasi terbatasnya kemampuan sumberdaya manusia, baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas yang memperlihatkan kecenderungan pengaruh yang terbesar dalam dimensi implementasi kebijakan. Keterbatasan kemampuan dalam mengelola sumber daya baik sumberdaya alam maupun sumberdaya manusia sangat tergantung kepada kemampuan keuangan daerah sendiri dalam pembiayaan penyelenggaraan otonomi daerahnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksplanasi, dengan sample gugus bertahap (Cluster sampling), pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara bertahap berdasarkan wilayah-wilayah administratif yang terdapat pusat pelayanan kesehatan dengan metode acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling). Pengolahan data diuji dengan menggunakan Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan suatu prosedur yang di dasarkan pada Methods of Succesive Interval. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan perimbangan keuangan dalam pelaksanaan otonomi daerah yang didasarkan pada dimensi komunikasi, sumberdaya, disposisi/sikap pelaksana dan struktur birokrasi secara bersama-sama atau tersendiri secara signifikan mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Dimensi dukungan merupakan dimensi yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan diikuti dengan struktur birokrasi, sumberdaya dan komunikasi.

scholarly journals Analisi Kinerja Harga Pengaruhnya Terhadap Reputasi dan Keputusan Menggunakan Jasa Penerbangan (Survei terhadap penumpang Air Asia dengan rute Bandung – Denpasar)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Rosdiana
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Data Path

Penumpang memiliki peran sentral selaku pembuat keputusan untuk menggunakan maskapai penerbangan. Namun pertumbuhan jumlah penumpang Air Asia mengalami penurunan. Hal ini terjadi karena reputasi Air Asia yang kurang baik. Melalui upaya kinerja harga, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jumlah pertumbuhan penumpang Air Asia.Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) gambaran kinerja harga pada penumpang maskapai penerbangan Air Asia (2) gambaran reputasi Air Asia pada penumpang maskapai penerbangan Air Asia (3) gambaran keputusan menggunakan pada penumpang maskapai penerbangan Air Asia (4) pengaruh kinerja harga terhadap reputasi dan keputusan menggunakan masakapai penerbanganAir Asia.Objek dari penelitian ini adalah penumpang Air Asia dengan rute Bandung – Denpasar, adapun metode penelitiannya menggunakan deskriftif dan verifikatif. Sumber data yang dipergunakan adalah primer dan sekunder. Populasi sebanyak 214.450 orang diambil sample penelitian sejumlah 100 orang. Simple Random Sampling khususnya Cluster Sampling merupakan teknik pengambilan sample yang penulis pilih. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, kuesioner, dan studi literatur. Untuk mengukur besarnya pengaruh kinerja harga terhadap reputasi dan keputusan menggunakan maskapai penerbangan, digunakan teknik analisis data path (analisis jalur). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pelaksanaan kinerja harga dinilai oleh penumpang cukup tinggi. Reputasi dinilai cukup tinggi, sedangkan keadaan keputusan menggunakan maskapai penerbangan secara umum dinilai cukup tinggi. Besarnya pengaruh kinerja harga terhadap reputasi adalah cukup tinggi sebesar 60,8%. Besarnya pengaruh kinerja harga terhadap keputusan menggunakan maskapai penerbangan adalah cukup tinggi sebesar 75,8%. Besarnya pengaruh reputasi terhadap keputusan menggunakan maskapai penerbangan adalah cukup tinggi sebesar 69,3%. Sedangkan pengaruh kinerja harga terhadap reputasi dan keputusan menggunakan maskapai penerbangan berpengaruh secara simultan signifikan. Hasil penelitian, maka perlu diadakannya usaha dalam peningkatan kinerja harga yang sesuai dengan harapan penumpang termasuk dalam kualitas pelayanan agar dapat meningkatkan reputasi perusahaan sehingga penumpang memutuskan untuk menggunakan maskapai penerbangan Air Asia

PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKOLOMANI SUB- COUNTY, KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Brenda Muhavi Madegwa ◽  
Sr. Dr. Elizabeth Piliyesi ◽  
Sr. Dr. Theonestina Katundano
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Parental Level

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent the socio- economic background of parents influence the academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Ikolomani Sub- County, Kakamega County. This study was guided by the following research questions: How does parental level of education influence students’ performance? How does parental occupation level influence students’ performance? How does parental income level influence students’performance? What are the socioeconomic challenges facing parents in enhancing students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in lkolomani Sub-County? What are the possible solutions to enhance students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in lkolomani Sub-County?Methodology: The study used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The study employed proportionate stratified random sampling to select the schools while purposive, cluster sampling and simple random sampling was used to select the students. Teachers were selected using stratified and simple random sampling. Principals, parents’ representatives and Education officer were purposively selected. Data were collected using questionnaires, document analysis and interview guide. Qualitative and quantitative data were concurrently collected and analyzed. Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS version 23) was used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed thematically to obtain views and perceptions of the respondents.Results: The study found that parental socio-economic background played  a key role in enhancement of students’ academic performance.Recommendations: The study recommended that parents should be encouraged to start small income generating business so as to cater for the educational needs of their children.

A Test of Cluster Sampling in Forest Inventories

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Bonnor
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Variance Estimates ◽  
The Given

During a recent pilot survey in Newfoundland, forest data were collected using a stratified, one-stage cluster-sampling design. The data were analyzed to determine if, within the stratified framework, cluster sampling would be more efficient than simple random sampling. Each cluster consisted of five point-samples located in a straight line. For the analysis, volume and variance estimates were determined from clusters of 1,2,3,4 and 5 points. During the survey, records were kept of the time required to complete various field-sampling tasks. These were used in lieu of cost data in the analysis. Results indicated that, for the given conditions, simple random sampling was more efficient than cluster sampling. However, relatively small changes in the conditions would make cluster sampling more efficient.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode Saintifik oleh Guru PAI di SMA Se-Aceh

At- Tarbawi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cluster Sampling

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) tentang metode saintifik dalam implementasi kurikulum 2013 dalam merancang dan melaksanakan  pembelajaran PAI pada Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Provinsi Aceh. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mixed method concurrent nested/concurrent embedded strategy) yang dilaksanakan pada 102 sekolah dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan 12 sekolah menggunakan instrumen wawancara. Penelitian ini melibatkan 211 guru PAI yang dipilih melalui persampelan porposive sampling, simple random sampling dan cluster sampling persampelan untuk kuantitatif dan 12 responden untuk kualitatif. Analisis data penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan statistik inferensi melalui analisis uji-t serta menggunakan analisis data wawancara untuk kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan guru PAI dalam memahami metode saintifik berdasarkan pada substansi kurikulum 2013. Ini menunjukkan bahwa guru PAI wilayah dalam Kota lebih memahami metode pembelajaran saintifik dibandingkan dengan guru PAI luar Kota.

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