scholarly journals Plot, stand, and cover-type aggregation effects on projections with an individual tree based stand growth model

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Moeur ◽  
Alan R. Ek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Independent Individual

A distance-independent, individual tree based growth model (the multipurpose forest projection system (MFPS)) was used to project changes in stand structure on aspen, red pine, and jack pine cover types in northern Minnesota for 37 years. Individual 0.058-ha plot projections, projections of plots aggregated within stands, and projections of plots aggregated within cover types were compared with each other and with observed plot conditions. Actual plot observations were available for up to 17 years. Individual plot, stand, and cover-type aggregations produced very similar projections in terms of number of trees, average diameter, basal area, and biomass. Plot by plot projections were most accurate in comparison with observed conditions, followed by stand and then cover-type aggregations. Differences from actual values and among projections generally increased with longer projections.

Comparison of stochastic and deterministic mortality estimation in an individual tree based stand growth model

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Weber ◽  
Alan R. Ek ◽  
Terry D. Droessler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Mortality Estimation ◽  
Stochastic Mortality ◽  
Growth Projection

Long-term projections (100 years) were made using the deterministic and stochastic mortality algorithms of the STEMS individual tree based stand growth projection model. Deterministic versus averaged stochastic projection results showed no practical differences in mean stand values for number of trees, basal area, volume, or diameter distributions. The deterministic approach also eliminates the need for making repeated stochastic runs and averaging the results where interest lies only in mean projected values.

Construction of a stand growth model utilizing photosynthesis and respiration relationships in individual trees

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Sievänen ◽  
Thomas E. Burk ◽  
Alan R. Ek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

A discrete growth model for an individual tree in a forest stand is presented. The model is based on simplified photosynthesis and respiration relationships. Implementation of the model also requires functions for change in live crown ratio and stems per unit area. Tree growth predictions are expressed in terms of biomass and basal area. A preliminary evaluation of the model is made using data from the literature on the growth of even-aged stands of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.). The model produced both short- and long-term trends consistent with stand growth data. The evaluation suggests further possibilities for model component refinement.

A dynamic programming analysis of silvicultural alternatives for red pine plantations in Wisconsin

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Martin ◽  
Alan R. Ek
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Programming Analysis ◽  
Final Harvest

An individual tree based stand growth model was analyzed, via dynamic programming, for thinning and final harvest strategies leading to maximum physical yields. Optimal density yield tables, indicating maximum yields and corresponding strategies, were constructed from the solution of the dynamic programming networks. Maximum yields averaged 25 – 30% higher than comparable yields reported previously for periodically thinned red pine plantations.

Fertilized Midrotation-Aged Slash Pine Plantations—Stand Structure and Yield Prediction Models

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bailey ◽  
Thomas M. Burgan ◽  
Eric J. Jokela
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Volume Equations ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract Data from 263 plots in a regional fertilization study of midrotation-aged slash pine plantations were used to fit prediction equations for basal area, trees per acre, stand average dominant height, diameter distributions, and individual tree heights. The equations include N and P fertilizationrates and CRIFF soil groups as predictor variables. The survival model also accounts for the accelerating effect of fusiform rust on mortality rate. Using published tree volume equations, the prediction of volumes by dbh class for fertilized slash pine plantations is now possible. This integratedsystem of equations is available as a user-friendly computer program that can calculate expected yields by diameter class and aid the forester in evaluating investment opportunities that include forest fertilization. South. J. Appl. For. 13(2):76-80.

A growth model based on the self-thinning rule

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Smith ◽  
D. W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Crown Closure

A two-staged stand growth model is developed to describe the relationship between biomass or volume and numbers of stems in even-aged, monospecific plant populations undergoing self-thinning. The model is tested on red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) seedlings and red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stands grown over a range of site qualities and initial spacings. First, survival rate is modelled as a Weibull distribution. This is then fit to an analytical size–density model to give growth estimates. Crown closure is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.09 for red alder, while initial mortality is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.12 for red pine. Net stand growth rates peaked at a relative density of 0.54 for red alder biomass and from relative densities from 0.40 (widest initial spacing) to 0.55 (densest initial spacing) for red pine total stem volume. Site quality merely shifted the magnitude of these relationships. The model adds a dynamic component to the self-thinning rule and also generalizes and extends the rule to stand development between crown closure and the self-thinning asymptote.

The relationship of stand structure with canopy transmittance: Simple models and practical methods for managing understory light conditions in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)-dominated forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (04) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of stand structural features with understory light levels, estimated by gap light index (GLI), was investigated in 22 second-growth eastern white (Pinus strobus L.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.)-dominated stands in central Ontario that encompassed a broad range in density and basal area. Simple, empirical light models were developed to quantify the influence of several stand structural variables on canopy transmittance as estimated by GLI. Models were also derived to facilitate the operational identification of residual basal area, density, and percent canopy closure associated with target understory light levels that optimize the growth of white pine regeneration and its protection from weevil and blister rust when using the uniform shelterwood silvicultural system. Regression models indicated significant negative, nonlinear relationships of GLI with density, basal area, a stand density index, total crown area, and foliar biomass, while GLI was linearly related to percent canopy closure. Application of these models to identify density, basal area, and canopy closure values associated with target light levels for the regeneration and removal cuts of uniform shelterwoods demonstrates the use of this information to help guide management of white pine–red pine forests.

An individual-tree basal area growth model for black spruce in second-growth peatland stands

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Arthur Groot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Area Growth

A basal area growth model was developed to predict the growth of individual trees in second-growth black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands on northeastern Ontario peatlands. The data were derived from stem analysis trees collected in 1985 and 1986 from stands harvested 47-68 years earlier. For a period starting from the date of data collection and going back to 10 years from the harvesting, tree basal area growth, diameters, and stand characteristics were retrospectively calculated at 5-year intervals. To estimate previous mortality, self-thinning relationships for black spruce were applied. In the model, 5-year basal area growth of a tree was expressed as a function of tree diameter, stand-level competition, tree-level competition, and peat thickness. There was considerable change in the growth-size relationship over time. A random parameter approach was applied in model construction to account for the spatial and temporal correlations of the observations. The proposed model explicitly incorporates factors normally included in a "random error" term and, therefore, should provide more sensitive tests of the contributions of the various factors to growth prediction. The estimated model showed only slight bias against the modeling data and the predicted stand basal area development was comparable with that given in other studies.

A new method for evaluating forest thinning: growth dominance in managed Pinus resinosa stands

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Bradford ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik ◽  
Shawn Fraver
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
New Method ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

Growth dominance is a relatively new, simple, quantitative metric of within-stand individual tree growth patterns, and is defined as positive when larger trees in the stand display proportionally greater growth than smaller trees, and negative when smaller trees display proportionally greater growth than larger trees. We examined long-term silvicultural experiments in red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) to characterize how stand age, thinning treatments (thinned from above, below, or both), and stocking levels (residual basal area) influence stand-level growth dominance through time. In stands thinned from below or from both above and below, growth dominance was not significantly different from zero at any age or stocking level. Growth dominance in stands thinned from above trended from negative at low stocking levels to positive at high stocking levels and was positive in young stands. Growth dominance in unthinned stands was positive and increased with age. These results suggest that growth dominance provides a useful tool for assessing the efficacy of thinning treatments designed to reduce competition between trees and promote high levels of productivity across a population, particularly among crop trees.

Logging Damage Using an Individual-Tree Selection Practice in Appalachian Hardwood Stands

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil I. Lamson ◽  
H. Clay Smith ◽  
Gary W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Logging Damage ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Periodic Harvest ◽  
Stand Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Classes

Abstract Four West Virginia hardwood stands, managed using individual-tree selection for the past 30 years, were examined after the third and, in one instance, the fourth periodic harvest to determine the severity of logging damage. On existing skid roads, trees were removed with a rubber-tired skidder or a crawler tractor with a rubber-tired arch. Logging damage reduced residual stand basal area by 6%, a total of 6.1 ft² per acre. Damage was concentrated in the saplings—85% of the stems lost to logging damage were less than 5.0 in dbh. An adequate number of undamaged stems in all diameter classes remained after logging to achieve individual-tree selection stand structure goals. North. J. Appl. For. 2:117-120, Dec. 1985.

Estimating site productivity in irregular stand structures by indexing the basal area or volume increment of the dominant species

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Pascal Berrill ◽  
Kevin L. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Partial Harvesting ◽  
Volume Increment

Estimating site productivity in irregular structures is complicated by variations in stand density, structure, composition in mixed stands, and suppression experienced by subordinate trees. Our objective was to develop an alternate to site index (SI) and demonstrate its application in models of individual-tree and stand growth. We analyzed coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.) tree and stand growth in a grid of 234 permanent sample plots covering a 110 ha study area in north coastal California. Partial harvesting created a mosaic of densities and openings throughout the 60-year-old redwood-dominated forest. Redwood SI was a poor predictor of volume increment (VI) per hectare among redwood in each plot over two decades after harvest. A new index of redwood basal area increment (BAI) productivity, calculated using inventory data for all stems in even-aged stands and the oldest cohort of multiaged stands, was a stronger predictor of VI. Diameter increment of individual redwood trees correlated strongly with stand density and the new BAI index. Forest managers should expect widely divergent responses following partial harvesting in crowded even-aged stands, with the greatest response coming from dominant redwoods with long crowns retained in areas with low residual stand density and high BAI index.

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