Effect of forest floor disturbance on seedling establishment of Chamaecyparislawsoniana

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Litter Removal ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Natural Seedling ◽  
Forest Floor Disturbance ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Port Orford Cedar

Native seeds of Chamaecyparislawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl. (Port-Orford-cedar) were sown on treated 1-m2 plots in four natural stands in southwestern Oregon, U.S.A. Treatments, replicated four times per stand, were (1) control, with natural litter undis-turbed, (2) litter removed, (3) litter removed and burned with ash replaced on plot, and (4) spaded after litter removal. Eighty-nine percent of germination occurred in early to mid-June. The spading treatment had the most germinants and the most survivors. Litter removal and burning treatments supported many fewer germinants, had the smallest seedlings, and had no survival after two growing seasons. Percentage survival of the few germinants in the control was as good as for the spading treatment, 5–6% after three summers. Although much natural seedling establishment may occur on natural litter, soil disturbance appears to greatly increase the rate of establishment. Litter removal alone does not increase establishment.

Silvicultural treatments, microclimatic conditions and seedling response in Southern Interior clearcuts

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleming ◽  
T. A. Black ◽  
R. S. Adams ◽  
R. J. Stathers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

Post-harvest levels of soil disturbance and vegetation regrowth strongly influence microclimate conditions, and this has important implications for seedling establishment. We examined the effects of blading (scalping), soil loosening (ripping) and vegetation control (herbicide), as well as no soil disturbance, on growing season microclimates and 3-yr seedling response on two grass-dominated clearcuts at different elevations in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. Warmer soil temperatures were obtained by removing surface organic horizons. Ripping produced somewhat higher soil temperatures than scalping at the drier, lower-elevation site, but slightly reduced soil temperatures at the wetter, higher-elevation site. Near-surface air temperatures were more extreme (higher daily maximums and lower daily minimums) over the control than over exposed mineral soil. Root zone soil moisture deficits largely reflected transpiration by competing vegetation; vegetation removal was effective in improving soil moisture availability at the lower elevation site, but unnecessary from this perspective at the higher elevation site. The exposed mineral surfaces self-mulched and conserved soil moisture after an initial period of high evaporation. Ripping and scalping resulted in somewhat lower near-surface available soil water storage capacities. Seedling establishment on both clearcuts was better following treatments which removed vegetation and surface organic horizons and thus enhanced microclimatic conditions, despite reducing nutrient supply. Such treatments may, however, compromise subsequent stand development through negative impacts on site nutrition. Temporal changes in the relative importance of different physical (microclimate) and chemical (soil nutrition) properties to soil processes and plant growth need to be considered when evaluating site productivity. Key words: Microclimate, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, clearcut, seedling establishment

Early growth of lodgepole pine after establishment of alsike clover–Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Trowbridge ◽  
F.B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Needle Mass

An overdense lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stand was knocked down and the site was prepared by broadcast burn, windrow burn, or mechanical forest floor removal. Inoculated alsike clover (Trifoliumhybridum L.) was seeded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha for the three different site preparation treatments to determine the effects of (i) site preparation on infection and effectiveness of the clover–Rhizobium symbiosis and clover percent cover and (ii) the clover–Rhizobium N2-fixing symbiosis on survival, early growth, and foliar nitrogen concentration of lodgepole pine seedlings. The N2-fixing symbiosis established well in all treatments. Clover percent cover increased with increasing rate of seeding, although by relatively few percent in the clover seeded plots. Broadcast burning, windrow burning, and mechanical forest floor removal did not affect the establishment of the N2-fixing symbiosis or clover percent cover. Lodgepole pine survival was not affected by the seeding treatments in any year, nor were height measurements during the first three growing seasons. Seedling height was slightly less in clover-seeded plots compared with controls in the fourth growing season. Lodgepole pine seedlings on clover-seeded plots had decreased diameter growth compared with controls during the first three growing seasons, but incremental diameter growth no longer showed this effect by the fourth growing season. Needle mass (g/100 needles) was less in clover-seeded plots at the end of the second growing season, but this effect was reversed by the fourth growing season, when both needle mass and foliar nitrogen concentration in lodgepole pine foliage were greater in clover-seeded plots.

Tackling the Bank Erosion Problem: (Re-)Introduction of Willows on Riverbanks

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. van Splunder ◽  
H. Coops ◽  
M. M. Schoor
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Hard Material ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Willow Species ◽  
Percentage Survival

River regulation and increased shipping have resulted in serious erosion problems on the banks of the River Rhine. As an alternative for hard material or suppletion of sand, the Institute of Water Management and Waste Water Treatment is considering the use of willows for riverbank protection. Floodplain forests in The Netherlands are almost absent, mainly due to intensive cattle grazing. Various willow species were planted on sandy beaches at five locations along the River Rhine in 1990. After 2 growing seasons Common Osier (Salix viminalis) had the highest percentage survival and Grey Willow (S. cinerea) the lowest. Additionally, a survey has been planned to calculate roughness changes in the riverbed and wave extinction caused by the vegetation. Another goal of the project is to investigate the possibilities of establishment and development of a natural riverbank forest after excluding cattle.

scholarly journals Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Agherkakli ◽  
A. Najafi ◽  
S.H. Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Of Iran

In this study, the effects of slope and traffic intensity on soil compaction, rutting and forest floor removal was evaluated on a skid trail in the natural forest of north of Iran. Combination of two levels of slope &lt; 20% (SC1) and &gt; 20% (SC2) and three levels of traffic (one, five and nine traffics) were studied. Treatment plots, with three replications, were established on the skid trail prior to skidding. The results of this study showed that all bulk densities were considerably higher in SC2 than in SC1 and average soil bulk densities were measured from 1.07 (g∙cm<sup>&ndash;3</sup>) to 1.23 (g∙cm<sup>&ndash;3</sup>) on skid trail and 0.91 (g∙cm<sup>&ndash;3</sup>) in undisturbed areas. With the increment of traffic, soil compaction increased but there was no significant difference among the three levels of traffic frequency in SC1 whereas it was significant between one and five cycles in SC2. Greatest rut depth was measured as 12 cm at nine traffics in SC2, although increase of traffic density caused deeper rut depth at all slope treatments, but it was higher at the SC2 in comparison to SC1. Litter mass decreased considerably on the skid trail with the increasing in slope and traffic. No important difference has been detected between SC1 and SC2 in terms of Litter mass removal. These results provide clear evidence that soil disturbance on steep trail is intensified.

scholarly journals Seed Rain and Seedling Establishment of Picea glauca and Abies balsamea after Partial Cutting in Plantations and Natural Stands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Gagné ◽  
Luc Sirois ◽  
Luc Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Natural Stands

This study documents the conditions associated to white spruce and balsam fir regeneration after partial cutting. Measurements were collected 9 to 30 years after partial cutting in 12 natural fir stands and 5 white spruce plantations. We estimated seed input, measured light reaching the undergrowth, recorded seedlings (&lt;150&nbsp;cm) and their age on 6 different seedling establishment substrates: mineral soil, moss, rotten wood, litterfall, herbaceous and dead wood. Partial cutting generally favours the establishment and growth of seedlings. The number of fir and spruce seedlings is always greater in natural stands than in plantations, a trend likely associated with the reduced abundance of preferential establishment substrate in the latter. White spruce significantly prefers rotten wood while fir settles on all types of substrates that cover at least 10% of the forest floor. There is a strong relationship between light intensity and the median height of spruce seedlings, but this relationship is non-significant for fir. Seedlings of both species can survive at incident light intensities as low as 3%, but an intensity of 15% or more seems to offer the best growth conditions. The conditions for successful forest regeneration proposed in this study should be applied when the goal is to establish a new stand prior to clear cutting or to convert stand structure.

scholarly journals An Agronomic Approach to Pine Nut Production by Grafting Stone Pine on Two Rootstocks

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Mercè Guàrdia ◽  
Anna Teixidó ◽  
Rut Sanchez-Bragado ◽  
Neus Aletà
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Mast Seeding ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Natural Stands

Stone pine (Pinus pinea) grows in natural stands within the Mediterranean basin and its nut is highly appreciated for its nutritional profile. Nevertheless, a decline in this species due to biotic and abiotic damages is currently being clearly observed. This situation has led to its development as a nut crop, to try to save its production and obtain regular harvests over the years. Under this agronomic scenario, the aim of this work was to compare the behavior of the stone pine grafted onto two rootstocks, P. pinea (PP) and P. halepensis (PH), by evaluating cone productivity, tree growth response, mast seeding patterns and pine nut composition. The field test was composed of 14 PH and 14 PP, randomly distributed into groups of 4–5 trees/rootstock. Data were from seven productive growing seasons. The results show higher growth and ripe cone production on PP rather than PH, although the productivity (cones/m2 canopy) was similar. Any effect of rootstock was observed on the mast seeding pattern and weight of cones, while the pine nut composition showed differences in the fatty acids content. The global quality of production was similar in PH and PP.

scholarly journals Effects of Swiss Needle Cast on Three Douglas-Fir Seed Sources on a Low-Elevation Site in the Northern Oregon Coast Range: Results after Five Growing Seasons

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Kastner ◽  
Steve M. Dutton ◽  
David M. Roché
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Coastal Fog ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast ◽  
Natural Stands

Abstract Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) seedlings grown from three seed sources were evaluated for 5 yr on a high-disease-hazard site for their relative tolerance to Swiss needle cast. The seed sources were: (1) seed collected from trees showing an apparent degree of tolerance to Swiss needle cast in natural stands in the coastal fog belt, (2) open-pollinated seed orchard seed collected from random single-pair crosses of parent trees in natural stands outside of the coastal fog belt, but west of the Oregon Coast Range summit, whose progeny demonstrated an apparent degree of disease tolerance in coastal Douglas-fir progeny test sites, and (3) standard reforestation seed purchased from a commercial vendor. There were no significant differences among seed sources in basal diameter and total height for all five growing seasons. Needle retention varied among seed sources over the 5 yr period, but current-year needle retention did not vary significantly after the fifth growing season, and retention of 1- and 2-yr-old needles was relatively low for all seed sources. The intense disease pressure on this site may have overwhelmed expression of disease tolerance among seed sources. We do not recommend planting Douglas-fir on such high-hazard sites. West J. Appl. For. 16(1):31–34.

Early Revegetation and Nutrient Dynamics Following the 1971 Little Sioux Forest Fire in Northeastern Minnesota

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. a0001-z0001
Author(s):  
Lewis F. Ohmann ◽  
David F. Grigal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tall Shrub

Abstract Three virgin plant communities dominated by Pinus banksiana, three by Populus-Betula, and one mixed community were studied over five growing seasons after burning in the 1971 Little Sioux Fire. From 1971 through 1975 tree and tall shrub reproduction generally decreased in density and increased in biomass. Low shrub cover and biomass increased for 3 years and then leveled off as tree and tall shrub competition increased. Herb cover and biomass increased most rapidly through 1972 and then slowed substantially. By 1975 total net primary productivity averaged 850 g/m²/yr for all seven stands, and over 1,200 g/m²/yr in the broadleaf-dominated stands. The forest floor 01 horizon increased in mass through 1974, and then apparently stabilized at about 620 g/m². The 02 horizon averaged about 1,000 g/m² and was still increasing in 1975. By the 1975 growing season the total amount of nutrients in aboveground vegetation on burned plots ranged from 33 percent of the N to 65 percent of the K found in nearby unburned forest communities. By 1973 the nutrients in the aboveground vegetation and the 01 horizon of the forest floor were greater than the quantity estimated to have been mobilized by the fire. The vegetation was an effective sink for the released nutrients.

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