Use of diameter increment and basal area increment in tree growth studies

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. West
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
Initial Diameter ◽  
Individual Trees

Growth of diameter of individual trees can be expressed as diameter increment or basal area increment. Little work has been done to determine which of these parameters is preferable for use in growth studies. This paper examines growth of trees in pure and mixed stands of even-aged, regrowth forest of Eucalyptusregnans, E. obliqua, and E. globulus, aged 6-80 years, thinned and unthinned, in southeastern Tasmania. Weighted least squares regression equations are developed to relate diameter and basal area increments, over 1- to 6-year increment periods, to initial tree diameter in 29 growth plots. The correlation between basal area increment and initial diameter was always greater than that between diameter increment and initial diameter in these relationships. Despite this, the precision of estimates of future diameter in each plot is shown to be the same whether diameter or basal area increment equations are used. Data from a thinning experiment in 38- to 85-year-old, even-aged Acersaccharum, Fraxinusamericana, and Prunusserotina stands in southern Ontario are also examined and similar results obtained. It is concluded that no apriori reason exists for expressing growth as diameter increment or basal area increment in studies of these types.

Incorporating intertree competition into an ecosystem model

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Korol ◽  
S.W. Running ◽  
K.S. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Individual Trees

Current research suggests that projected climate change may influence the growth of individual trees. Therefore, growth and yield models that can respond to potential changes in climate must be developed, TREE-BGC, a variant of the ecosystem process model FOREST-BGC, calculates the cycling of carbon, water, and nitrogen in and through forested ecosystems. TREE-BGC allocates stand-level estimates of photosynthesis to "each tree using a competition algorithm that incorporates tree height, relative radiation-use efficiency, and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, TREE-BGC simulated the growth of trees grown in a dense and an open stand of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) near Kamloops, B.C. The competition algorithm dynamically allocated stand estimates of photosynthesis to individual trees, and the trees were grown using an allometric relationship between biomass increment and height and diameter increment. Asymptotic height growth and the changes in the height–diameter relationship with competition were also incorporated in the model algorithms. Sapwood and phloem volume were used to calculate maintenance respiration. Predicted reductions in diameter growth with stand density were similar to those observed in the study stands. Although the carbon balance of individual trees was not tested, simulated tree diameter increments and height increments were correlated with the actual measurements of tree diameter increment (r2 = 0.89) and tree height increment (r2 = 0.78) for the 5-year period (n = 352). Although the model did not work well with trees that had diameters <5 cm, the model would be appropriate for a user who required an accuracy of ± 0.03 m3•ha−1 for volume, ± 0.02 m2•ha−1 for basal area, or ± 0.4 m for tree height over a 5-year period.

A basal area increment model for individual trees in mixed continuous cover forests in Iranian Caspian forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Nishtman Hatami ◽  
Peter Lohmander ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Moayeri ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Individual Trees

Tree population dynamics at Kade, Ghana (1968-1982)

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Swaine ◽  
J. B. Hall ◽  
I. J. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Diameter Classes

ABSTRACTChanges in two 1-ha samples of Moist Semi-deciduous forest at Kade, Ghana are described for 14 years from 1968 to 1982. Density of trees ≥10 cm dbh was 552 ± 13 ha−1and the basal area was 30.85 ± 1.38 m2 ha−1, and showed little variation over the study period: diameter class distributions did not change significantly. There were 120 species of tree ≥10 cm dbh, including seven immigrants and seven emigrants.Mortality did not differ significantly between diameter classes, but was significantly greater amongst trees showing negative diameter increment. Total mortality for the 2 ha over the 12-year period 1970–1982 was 216 trees (1.77% yr−l) and was balanced by a recruitment of 212 trees to the measured population.Growth rates were highly variable within species populations. Overall, bigger trees tended to have higher growth rates. Successive diameter increments in individual trees were strongly correlated, and were still significant after 10 years. These results support the idea that the faster-growing individuals are the more likely to reach the canopy.Estimates of the age of trees by summing mean passage times for successive diameter classes is shown to be misleading because similar calculations using only the fastest-growing trees gives substantially lower estimated ages.Although overall forest composition showed little change, a few species showed small but significant imbalance between recruitment and mortality. Recruitment and mortality differed significantly from overall rates for some species, but only markedly for the megaphanerophyte Celtis mildbraedii which had lower than average rates for both mortality and recruitment.

scholarly journals Competition Indices and Their Relationship With Basal Area Increment of Araucaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Arnoni Costa ◽  
César Augusto Guimarães Finger ◽  
André Felipe Hess
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competition Indices

Models that report the effect of competition are important for forest management since forests with higher levels of competition have lower increment rates, and their use is necessary to plan forest interventions. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of competition in the basal area increment of individual trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in a natural forest. A total of 397 subject trees were measured, covering the diametric range. The dendrometric and morphometric characteristics of subject trees and their competitors were obtained, and 22 distance-dependent and distance-independent competition indices were calculated, in addition to increment cores extracted radially from the trunk at diameter at breast height. The relationship between models of periodic annual increment in basal area based on competition indices has allowed to obtain R2 values of 0.425 and Syx% ≥ 50.2. The multivariate technique of principal component analysis has shown that three principal components explain 78.43% of total variation. The first component was responsible for explaining 52.95%, with similar eigenvector for 11 competition indices, evidencing that these models can be used to describe especies competition, although they show different variables and mathematical equations in calculations. Results show the importance of competition to predict increment of Araucaria in individual trees.

scholarly journals The characteristics of diameter growth and increment of introduced North American ash species at the sites of common alder

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
D. Kremer ◽  
J. Čavlović ◽  
I. Anić
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Individual Trees

Research was conducted into diameter growth and increment of introduced American ash species at the sites of common alder (Alnus glutinosa[L.] Gaertn.) in three mixed stands of introduced ash and common alder in the lowland part of Croatia. About 10 samples of increment cores of each species were taken from trees in the diameter class of the mean basal area. In the process, an attempt was made to reach the centre of the trees with the purpose of getting an insight into the development of the trees over a long period, i.e. from the moment when the trees reached breast height. The increment cores were analysed by measuring the width of each individual ring to the tenth of the millimetre. Bark thickness was also measured. The results obtained from the analysis of the increment cores yielded trends of ring widths for individual trees as well as trends of the average ring widths for each species within a locality. On the basis of the increment core analysis, parts of the diameter growth curve of the mean stand tree were obtained. The increment curve of mean stand diameter was obtained by deriving the growth curve of mean stand diameter. Introduced ash was found to have average ring widths from 0.92 to 4.21 mm. The measured minimal and maximal values of ring widths in total were 0.2 and 6.5 mm, respectively. Consequently, introduced ash may have significantly large ring widths in conditions of prolonged flooding as well. Therefore, its pioneering role is not irrelevant at poor sites naturally inhabited by common alder. The average ring width of introduced ash is the highest up to the age of 30 years, after which it retains the value of 2 mm or less. In common alder, the average ring width in the studied stand ranged from 1.40 to 4.59 mm. The measured minimal and maximal values of ring widths in total were 0.4 and 7.0 mm, respectively. A comparison of average ring widths of introduced ash and common alder revealed that in Draganić locality common alder had a statistically significantly larger average ring width than introduced ash. In the localities Karlovac and Đurđevac the difference was not statistically significant.

The influence of species composition on the growth of individual red oaks in mixed stands in southern New England

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1550-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Kittredge Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
New England ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Red Oaks ◽  
Oak Trees

Research in 40- to 60-year-old even-aged mixed hardwood stands in southern New England suggests a stratified canopy structure by species, with red oak crowns occupying the uppermost canopy stratum. The basal area growth of individual red oak trees with crowns in this uppermost canopy stratum is negatively related to the basal area of neighboring oaks with crowns in the same stratum. The total basal area of neighboring trees with crowns in this stratum has no effect on individual oak growth. Similarly, the basal area of trees in lower strata has no significant effect on the growth of oaks with crowns in the uppermost canopy stratum. Crown width of individual oaks is negatively related to the basal area of neighboring oaks with crowns in the uppermost canopy stratum. Also, both the total foliar biomass per tree and the efficiency of that foliage in producing basal area increment are negatively related to the quantity of surrounding oaks with crowns in the uppermost canopy stratum. These results imply that basal area increment of individual red oaks in the overstory depends on the species composition of the mixture (i.e., the proportion of red oaks in the mixture) and the resulting competition for growing space in the canopy.

Individual Tree Basal Area Increment and Total Height Equations for Appalachian Mixed Hardwoods After Thinning

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade C. Harrison ◽  
Thomas E. Burk ◽  
Donald E. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Stand Basal Area

Abstract Growth response of various species to thinning in even-aged stands of Appalachian mixed hardwoods was predicted with species-specific regression equations. Periodic annual increment over a five-year period was expressed as a linear function of original tree basal area divided by breast height age and a thinning or competition index based on stand basal area. For most species, a combination of stand basal area before and after thinning served as the thinning index; for the five oak species studied, the index was simply stand basal area after thinning. Nonlinear regression equations were formulated to express total tree height as a function of dbh and average height of dominant and codominant white oak. The equations for tree basal area increment and total height may be applied to predict growth after thinning in Appalachian mixed hardwood stands. South J. Appl. For. 10:99-104, May 1986

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