The optimal rotation of a flammable forest stand

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Martell
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Rotation Interval ◽  
Optimal Rotation

The author describes a stochastic model of forest stand rotation which can be used to determine the optimal planned rotation interval for flammable forest stands. The model can also be used to estimate the value of fire management activities in terms of the potential enhanced value of timber production. The use of the model is illustrated by applying it to a simplified case of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana, Lamb.) management.

Modelling growing stock volume of forest stands with various ALS area-based approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Parkitna ◽  
Grzegorz Krok ◽  
Stanisław Miścicki ◽  
Krzysztof Ukalski ◽  
Marek Lisańczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Stock Volume

Abstract Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is one of the most innovative remote sensing tools with a recognized important utility for characterizing forest stands. Currently, the most common ALS-based method applied in the estimation of forest stand characteristics is the area-based approach (ABA). The aim of this study was to analyse how three ABA methods affect growing stock volume (GSV) estimates at the sample plot and forest stand levels. We examined (1) an ABA with point cloud metrics, (2) an ABA with canopy height model (CHM) metrics and (3) an ABA with aggregated individual tree CHM-based metrics. What is more, three different modelling techniques: multiple linear regression, boosted regression trees and random forest, were applied to all ABA methods, which yielded a total of nine combinations to report. An important element of this work is also the empirical verification of the methods for estimating the GSV error for individual forest stand. All nine combinations of the ABA methods and different modelling techniques yielded very similar predictions of GSV for both sample plots and forest stands. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of estimated GSV ranged from 75 to 85 m3 ha−1 (RMSE% = 20.5–23.4 per cent) and from 57 to 64 m3 ha−1 (RMSE% = 16.4–18.3 per cent) for plots and stands, respectively. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that GSV modelling with the use of different ALS processing approaches and statistical methods leads to very similar results. Therefore, the choice of a GSV prediction method may be more determined by the availability of data and competences than by the requirement to use a particular method.

scholarly journals Relation between selected indicators of forest stand diversity and quality of timber production in managed Central European forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Merganič ◽  
K. Merganičová ◽  
R. Marušák ◽  
L. Tipmann ◽  
L. Šálek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stand ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Forests

scholarly journals Alternative Silvicultural Approaches to Managing Jack Pine Plantations for Endangered Species Habitat and Forest Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Daphna Gadoth-Goodman ◽  
David E Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Time Substitution ◽  
Endangered Species Habitat ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Since the early 1980s, ca 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of high-density jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations have been established annually in northern Lower Michigan to serve as habitat for the federally endangered Kirtland’s warbler (KW; Setophaga kirtlandii). Because these plantations do not appear capable of producing merchantable sawlogs by their planned 50-year harvest age, we investigated the potential to implement reduced rotation lengths in these stands to produce biomass and/or pulpwood. We used space-for-time substitution to assess biomass and volume accrual over time, using our own locally derived allometric biomass equations. The predicted optimal rotation age for biomass was 20 years, and the predicted optimal rotation age for pulpwood volume was 28 years. We compared the total land area required for management under these rotation scenarios to continue establishing 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of KW habitat annually. Management on the current 50-year cycle requires ca 77,500 hectares (191,500 ac). Management for pulpwood would reduce this to ca 43,400 hectares (107,250 ac), and management for biomass would require ca 31,000 hectares (76,600 ac). Our results suggest that rotation lengths in these plantations could be substantially reduced, allowing for reductions in the total land area dedicated to warbler habitat, allowing for diversification of management at the landscape scale.

Jack pine foliar δ15N indicates shifts in plant nitrogen acquisition after severe wildfire and through forest stand development

2013 ◽  
Vol 373 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. LeDuc ◽  
David E. Rothstein ◽  
Zhanna Yermakov ◽  
Susan E. Spaulding
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Foliar Δ15n

scholarly journals Structure and development of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts.

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 518-530
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
Z. Vacek ◽  
L. Bílek ◽  
I. Nosková ◽  
O. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Management Recommendations

The research is focused on structure and development of forest stands from 5th to 8th forest vegetation zone in the Krkonoše Mts. The forest stand diversity according to tree species composition and representation, horizontal and vertical structure was evaluated by using following indices: Clark-Evans aggregation index (Clark, Evans 1954), standardised Arten-profil index (Pretsch 2005) and index of complex diversity after Jaehne, Dohrenbusch (1997). Growth model SIBYLA (Fabrika, Ďurský 2005) was used for visualizations and growth predictions of forest stands on particular plots. Based on research results, management recommendations were evaluated.

Individual height–diameter models for young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations in New Brunswick, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Lei ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tolerance Intervals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Historically, height–diameter models have mainly been developed for mature trees; consequently, few height–diameter models have been calibrated for young forest stands. In order to develop equations predicting the height of trees with small diameters, 46 individual height–diameter models were fitted and tested in young black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations between the ages of 4 to 8 years, measured from 182 plots in New Brunswick, Canada. The models were divided into 2 groups: a diameter group and a second group applying both diameter and additional stand- or tree-level variables (composite models). There was little difference in predicting tree height among the former models (Group I) while the latter models (Group II) generally provided better prediction. Based on goodness of fit (R2and MSE), prediction ability (the bias and its associated prediction and tolerance intervals in absolute and relative terms), and ease of application, 2 Group II models were recommended for predicting individual tree heights within young black spruce and jack pine forest stands. Mean stand height was required for application of these models. The resultant tolerance intervals indicated that most errors (95%) associated with height predictions would be within the following limits (a 95% confidence level): [-0.54 m, 0.54 m] or [-14.7%, 15.9%] for black spruce and [-0.77 m, 0.77 m] or [-17.1%, 18.6%] for jack pine. The recommended models are statistically reliable for growth and yield applications, regeneration assessment and management planning. Key words: composite model, linear model, model calibration, model validation, prediction interval, tolerance interval

Economic trade-offs of managing forests for timber production and vegetative diversity

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1260-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Holland ◽  
Robert J. Lilieholm ◽  
David W. Roberts ◽  
J. Keith Gilless
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Harvest Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Compositional Diversity ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Three indices of forest stand structural and compositional diversity were incorporated into a linear programming timber harvest scheduling model to examine the trade-offs between managing stands for timber production and biodiversity objectives. The indices, based on Shannon's diversity index, characterized stand species diversity, basal area diversity, and vertical crown diversity. While harvest-level objectives were often compatible with the maintenance of vegetative diversity, the maximization of present net value was accompanied by substantial reductions in all three measures of diversity.

scholarly journals Features of structure of radical darkconiferous forest stands of Vishera Nature Reserve

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.М. Алесенков ◽  
М.В. Ермакова
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Pedigree Structure ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Northern Urals ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Diameter Classes

On the basis of the standard techniques the pedigree structure of forest stands and distribution of trees on diameter of climax darkconiferous stands of the Vishera national Nature Reserve located in the northeast of Perm District (Northern Urals) is studied and analysed. It is established that the wood layer of the explored climax darkconiferous forests of Northern Urals has multispecies structure. At domination of a spruce fir and the fir (up to 5 units) and, substantially a birch and, also participates, the cedar. In type of the wood Firspruce fernytallgrass as the as a part of a forest stand there is a rowan. Both lowproductive, and highly productive forest stands are formed. In a structure of forest stands of the darkconiferos woods of Vishera Nature Reserve the considerable variation of trees on diameter caused both by forest vegetation conditions of plantings, and influence of negative natural factors the periodic local fires and a windfall is revealed. Distribution of trees on diameter in forest stands, except for postwindfall, is well approximated by the equations of the 2nd order. Distribution of trees on diameter in postwindfall darkconiferous community is best of all described by the equation of the 4th order. The considerable righthand asymmetry of distribution of trees on diameter for all studied forest stands, and, in particular, the affected local fires or a windfall is noted. Such distribution of trees on diameter classes of a trunk reflects processes of natural renewal and development of forest stands, long on time. The revealed features of distribution of trees on pedigree structure and of diameter classes in the studied radical forest stands demonstrate that even in the conditions of influence of negative natural factors processes of natural renewal in general, provide maintenance of multispecies structure of radical plantings. However, impact of the periodic local fires negatively affects renewal of a cedar.

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