Nitrogen fertilization stimulates germination of dormant pin cherry seed

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Auchmoody
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

Nitrogen fertilizers triggered germination of dormant Prunuspensylvanica L. seed naturally buried in the forest floor of 60-year-old Allegheny hardwood stands. Neither triple superphosphate nor muriate of potash applied with urea increased germination over that which occurred with urea alone. Rates as low as 56 kg/ha N from urea and calcium nitrate and 112 kg/ha N from ammonium sulfate stimulated germination. Nitrate was apparently responsible for breaking dormancy.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana). I. Cheminement des engrais dans le sol

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Coated Urea

Six nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) were individually applied, either in fall or in spring, at a rate of 224 kg N/ha and compared for nitrogen retention in the different horizons of a podzol under jack pine. Despite its susceptibility to nitrogen losses through ammonia volatilization, urea was by far, among readily available nitrogen fertilizers, the one whose nitrogen is best retained in soil surface horizons. Retention varied with weather conditions that prevailed immediately after fertilizer application. With the other fertilizers used, nitrogen retention followed this order: ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate. After four seasons, about 50% of the nitrogen applied as sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde was still found in its original form. Ammonium sulfate is next to urea among the recommended nitrogen sources for similar jack pine sites, considering that fertilizers with nitrate are prone to leaching and the sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde used presented problems of nitrogen availability.

scholarly journals BIOMASS AND CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS IN JACKFRUIT SEEDLINGS UNDER SALINE STRESS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-631
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO ÍTALO FERNANDES DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ANTÔNIO GUSTAVO DE LUNA SOUTO ◽  
LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE ◽  
WILIANA JÚLIA FERREIRA DE MEDEIROS ◽  
SHERLY APARECIDA DA SILVA MEDEIROS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Chloroplast Pigments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

ABSTRACT Irrigation with saline water is a worldwide necessity an excess of salts in water or in soil causes growth inhibition, and negatively affects the productivity of many crops. Application of nitrogen fertilizers may be a way of mitigating the effects of salts on plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of biomass and the chlorophyll pigment content in jackfruit seedlings irrigated with water of increasing salinity level in soil with nitrogen sources. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with four replicates and three plants per plot, arranged in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, related to electrical conductivity levels of the irrigation water of 0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without nitrogen, with ammonium sulfate and with urea, in a split application 60 and 75 days after sowing. An increase in the salinity of the water increased the salinity levels of soil, which was intensified by a dose of 150 mg of N, mainly when applied in the form of ammonium sulfate, inhibiting dry matter production and chlorophyll content in jackfruit seedlings. The greatest reductions in chlorophyll a and b content occurred in jackfruit seedlings irrigated with water of 4.0 dS m-1 conductivity in the soil without nitrogen fertilization. Urea is the most suitable nitrogen source for the production of seedlings under conditions of high salinity.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana) II. Variations de la masse foliaire et des éléments nutritifs du feuillage de pin gris et de quelques espèces du sous-bois

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

Fall or spring applications of six different nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and calcium nitrate) at a rate of 224 kg N/ha in an 18-year-old jack pine stand induced a very rapid increase of nitrogen concentration in current year and 1-year-old needles, as well as in weight of current year needles. In the latter, nitrogen content (concentration × weight) increased more than 100% the 1st year following fertilization in the ammonium sulfate and the ammonium nitrate treatments applied in spring. Response did not last more than 2 years. Foliar analysis of other elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn) revealed a reduction of P concentration in the needles sampled the first fall after treatment together with a reduction of Ca and Mn in the current foliage of the second and third seasons after treatment. Changes in nitrogen concentration in Kalmiaangustifolia L. and particularly in Solidagopuberula Nutt. were in good correlation with those observed in jack pine needles.

Isotopic studies of the nitrogen balance in a cracking clay. IV. Fate of the three nitrogen fertilizers in fallow soil in the field

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
ET Craswell
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Immobilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Fallow Soil

Urea, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate, labelled with 15N, were added to 30-cm diameter microplots at a cracking clay field site. Sorghum stubble was applied to one series of microplots, while another series was stubble-free. The plots were kept fallow for 14 weeks after which the loss, movement and immobilization of the 15N added in the fertilizers was measured. Losses totalled 9, 23 and 26% of the urea, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. Denitrification, which occurred during the sixth and seventh weeks of the experiment when the soil was waterlogged, was presumed to be the loss mechanism; the differences in rate of loss would then be related to the rate of nitrification of the urea and ammonium fertilizers. Adding sorghum stubble did not influence the rate of loss but caused net immobilization of an extra 5 % of the added nitrogen; immobilization was 11, 11 and 7% in the microplots receiving urea, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate respectively. The 155 mm of rain received during the 14 weeks leached 20% of the added nitrate and only 10% of the other fertilizers below 30 cm.

Litter decomposition in coastal hemlock stands: impact of nitrogen fertilizers on decay rates

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit S. Gill ◽  
Denis P. Lavender
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Qualitative Measure

Urea, gypsum-coated urea, and calcium nitrate fertilizers differentially affected indigenous rates of litter decomposition on the forest floor for coastal stands of western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). These differences were most pronounced during the first 6 months after fertilization. Urea and gypsum-coated urea both stimulated the rates of litter decomposition, although the effect of gypsum-coated urea was more gradual. In contrast, calcium nitrate somewhat retarded existing decomposition rates during the first 6 months; after 12 months, it had little or no impact. The significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation of percentage of lignin in litter with time renders it an important qualitative measure of decomposition rates in studies utilizing litter bags.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana). III. Croissance du pin gris

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Six nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate) were individually applied, either in fall or in spring, at a rate of 224 kg N/ha and compared for their effects on growth distribution along the stem, height increase, basal area increase, and volume increase of an 18-year-old jack pine stand during 5 years after treatment. The response to nitrogen treatments was maximum the 2nd and 3rd years after fertilization and became nil in the fifth season. The distribution of growth along the stem varied with the height considered, the maximum being observed in the first 3 m aboveground. Treatments that responded best in terms of increase in basal area (2 m2/ha or 34% higher than control) and in volume (10 m3/ha or 21% higher than control) were urea and ammonium sulfate applied in fall, and ammonium nitrate applied in spring. Regression analysis on principal components revealed that growth the year before treatment and nutrient concentrations in foliage (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, and Mn) explain at least 80% of the observed growth variations on a 5-year basis.

Influence of formulations of nitrogen fertilizes on oil flax productivity under conditions of western forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
High Yields

The results of studies on the influence of forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, carbamide-ammonia mixture, ammonium sulfate) on the productivity of oil flax under the conditions of the western forest-steppe are given. In the traditional system of fertilizer, oil flax is not able to provide high yields and quality products. An effective solution to this is optimization of plant nutrition due to its balance, which promotes intensive plant development, makes it possible to actively and efficiently intervene in the process of harvesting and its quality. Therefore, determining the optimal fertilizer rate for oil flax in specific soil-climatic conditions is important for obtaining stable and high yields of culture. The purpose of our research was to determine the contribution of doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers to the productivity of flaxseed oil in the soil-climatic conditions of the western forest-steppe. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 at the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of NAAS in five-point crop rotation with the total area of the plant growing on a gray forest surface glued type of soil In general, four forms of nitrogen fertilizers were studied: ammonia, nitrate, carbamide-ammonia mixture, urea and ammonium sulfate, which were added in doses: N30; N45 one time; and N30 + N15 under pre-sowing cultivation and in the "fir tree" phase against the background of P30K60. The total number of variants was 16. The object of research was a variety of flax oilseed crops of breeding of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS. The seed sowing rate is 6 mln similar seed per hectare. According to the results of three-year studies, the effect of intensification of mineral nitrogen feed and various forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the indices of the elements of productivity and yield of flaxseed oil has been established. In particular, it was found that their use had little effect on the density change of plant stem growth. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in the dose N45 on the background of P30K60 improved plant survival (killed during the vegetation of 0.33-0.42 million pp./ha, which is 5.2-6.3 % for control, where the death observed 0.58 million ppm/ha or 8.4 %)) compared to the N30 dose (0.39-0.49 million pcs/ha). In addition, the use of the dose N45 separately (N30 under cultivation + N15 in the phase of the "fir tree") also improved the survival rate of plants (5.2-5.8 % of dead plants) compared with the simultaneous application of N45 cultivation (5.6-7.1 %) The percentage of deaths grew in control (without fertilizers) - 8.4 % against the background of P30K60 - 7.0 %. The application of various forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizers led to an increase in the control of the elements of productivity. The introduction of N45 against the background of P30K60 contributed to an increase in the number of boxes on plants, according to the variants of fertilizers, this index varied from 14.6 to 18.3 pieces per plant (10.9 - on the control, 12.9 pcs/roll - on the РК background), increasing the amount of seeds per plant by 12.7 pc. per plant, a mass of 1000 seeds per 0.2-0.3 g compared with the control and 0.1-0.2 g compared with the LCD background, where this figure was 6.8 g. On average, over the years of research, the highest productivity of flax seed of oilseed Vodograi (2,27 and 2,48 t / ha) was obtained provided the mineral fertilizer N15P30K60 was applied for cultivation in combination with carbamide feed in the phase of "fir tree" at a dose of N15. When using the nitrogen component in the form of KAS, the gain to control was 1.45 t / ha, to the background - 1.12 t/ha. In control and against the background, this indicator was 1.04 and 1.36 t/ha respectively. When using other forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the background of P30K60, lower yields of flaxseed crops were obtained (1.37-1.38 t/ha). The introduction of the N45 separately (N30 under cultivation + N15 into the "fir tree" phase) generally led to higher performance than a single application for cultivation. Among the studied forms of fertilizers, urea and carbamide-ammonia also caused a slightly higher percentage of fiber content in flax stems, however, it was within the experimental error and was not significantly increased.

scholarly journals High Nitrogen Fertilization Modulates Morpho-Physiological Responses, Yield, and Water Productivity of Lowland Rice under Deficit Irrigation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Nasr M. Abdou ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdel-Razek ◽  
Shimaa A. Abd El-Mageed ◽  
Wael M. Semida ◽  
Ahmed A. A. Leilah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers

Sustainability of rice production under flooding conditions has been challenged by water shortage and food demand. Applying higher nitrogen fertilization could be a practical solution to alleviate the deleterious effects of water stress on lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in semi-arid conditions. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted during the summer of 2017 and 2018 seasons. These trials were conducted as split-split based on randomized complete blocks design with soil moisture regimes at three levels (120, 100 and 80% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), nitrogen fertilizers at two levels (N1—165 and N2—200 kg N ha−1) and three lowland Egyptian rice varieties [V1 (Giza178), V2 (Giza177) and V3 (Sakha104)] using three replications. For all varieties, growth (plant height, tillers No, effective tillers no), water status ((relative water content RWC, and membrane stability index, MSI), physiological responses (chlorophyll fluorescence, Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and yield were significantly increased with higher addition of nitrogen fertilizer under all water regimes. Variety V1 produced the highest grain yield compared to other varieties and the increases were 38% and 15% compared with V2 and V3, respectively. Increasing nitrogen up to 200 kg N ha−1 (N2) resulted in an increase in grain and straw yields by 12.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with N1. The highest irrigation water productivity (IWP) was recorded under I2 (0.89 kg m−3) compared to (0.83 kg m−3) and (0.82 kg m−3) for I1 and I3, respectively. Therefore, the new applied agro-management practice (deficit irrigation and higher nitrogen fertilizer) effectively saved irrigation water input by 50–60% when compared with the traditional cultivation method (flooding system). Hence, the new proposed innovative method for rice cultivation could be a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of rice production under water shortage conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization in the contents of secondary compounds in cassava cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gazola ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Rudiney Ringenberg ◽  
José Perez da Graça ◽  
Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-Campo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Over Time

The production of chemical substances is a strategy of plants to defend against the attack of pest insects. The synthesis of secondary compounds in plants is influenced by genotype and cultural management, such as the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizer over time on the production of secondary compounds in two industrial cassava cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse (25 ± 5 °C) of Embrapa Soybean in Londrina, Paraná, with the cultivation of potted plants (4l) in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with five replications. Two genotypes of industrial cassava (‘Baianinha’ and ‘Caiuá’) and four different nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) were used, with sampling at 15, 30, and 45 d after fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization was performed 50 d after sprouting. In the apical leaves, the levels of rutin, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were evaluated in a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Exploratory analyses were performed on the data variables to verify the assumptions for analysis of variance (ANOVA), such as the independence and normality of errors, homogeneity of treatment variances and non-additivity of the model (they were submitted to analysis of homogeneity and normality, respectively. After these tests, ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ? 0.05) were performed. For the quantitative data concerning the N rates, regression study analyzes were performed. The Caiuá cultivar was found to have a higher ferulic acid content. The caffeic acid content decreased over time after the application of N in both cultivars. The rutin content in both cultivars did not increase with an increase in nitrogen dose. At a dose of 90 kg ha-1, both cultivars presented a lower p-coumaric acid content after 30 d.

scholarly journals Fertilization With Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Soil Fertility and Nutritional Status of Yellow Passion Fruit Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Rodrigo T. M. Miyake ◽  
William H. S. Takata ◽  
Nobuyoshi Narita ◽  
José E. Creste
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

The research had as objective to study the influence of the doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on soil fertility and nutritional status of yellow passion fruit plants. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in an incomplete fractioned factorial 1/2 (4 &times; 4 &times; 4), with four doses of N (150, 300, 600 and 1200 Kg-1 ha-1 yr-1 N); four doses of P2O5 (200, 400, 800 and 1600 kg-1 ha-1 yr-1) and four doses of K2O (100, 300, 500 and 700 kg-1 ha-1 yr-1). The fertilizers used were the ammonium nitrate = 32% N; triple superphosphate = 44% P2O5 and potassium chloride = 60% K2O. In the fertility of the nitrogen fertilization increased the content of phosphorus and sulfur. The doses of P2O5 increased the concentration of P in the soil. The doses of K2O influenced the increase in the content of K in the soil in the harvest 2013/2014. There was an interaction of the doses of N and K2O in the availability of K in the soil in the harvest 2012/13 with the maximum levels of K, in the doses of 200-400 kg N ha-1 and 600 to 700 kg ha-1 of K2O. In the nutritional state the yellow passion fruit plants was influenced by the doses of N for the sulfur content of the leaves. The maximum content of S leaf concentration of 3.63 g kg-1 was obtained in the dose estimated at 1120 kg ha-1 of P2O5.

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