Variation in balsam fir provenances planted in New England

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Lowe ◽  
H. W. Hocker Jr. ◽  
M. L. McCormack Jr.
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Selective Forces

After 3 years in the field, survival, date of shoot growth initiation, and total height of 15 provenances planted at three locations indicate moderate to large provenances effects. Relative provenance performance varied among locations for survival and total height but not for flushing date. Regression and correlation analyses indicated that both the temperature and moisture regimes at seed origin have acted as selective forces on the native population. Time of shoot growth initiation has been mainly influenced by the temperature regime, while total height was generally related to the moisture regime. Survival was not associated with any of the climatic variables used in the study.

Variation in seedling development of balsam fir associated with seed origin

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Old Trees

Measurements of total height and frequency of frost damage on 5-year-old trees demonstrated moderate to large variation associated with seed origin. Total height was measured at three nurseries in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Frost damage was measured at one nursery in central Wisconsin. The tallest seedlings were from eastern provenances. The seedlings least damaged by spring frost were from Wisconsin and Michigan provenances. Periodic measurements of shoot elongation indicated that variation in rate of elongation was the chief determinant of variation in total shoot elongation. Variation in time of shoot growth initiation was one cause of observed variation in frequency of frost damage. Variation among maternal progenies from six populations in Wisconsin and Michigan was similar to variation among range-wide provenances.

Freezing injury and shoot elongation in balsam fir

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Lester ◽  
S. E. Lindow ◽  
C. D. Upper
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Timing Of Exposure

Three-year-old seedlings of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) representing provenances with different rates of shoot growth initiation were exposed to four temperatures between −3.3 and −8.5 °C at two different times during shoot elongation. Exposure at −3.3 °C resulted in no bud, shoot, or leaf injury. Exposure at −8.5 °C resulted in injury to 53% of 2000 buds and shoots tested. Differences in provenance and in timing of exposure were significant at lower temperatures. Freezing injury was largely a function of the developmental stage of buds and shoots at each temperature of −4.5 °C or lower. One-year-old leaves were severely damaged at lower temperatures and effects of provenance and timing of exposure were present.

scholarly journals Soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1465-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Meena Sewhag
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2011-2012 at Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agri-cultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study the periodic soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes under shallow water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping combinations of three cultivars viz., BH 393, BH 902 and BH 885 and two crop geometries viz 2 rows per bed and 3 rows per bed (70 cm wide with 40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) in main plots and three moisture regimes (irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) in sub plots. The results revealed that maximum soil moisture depletion (105 mm) and ground water contribution (62 mm) were recorded in BH 902, followed by BH 393 and BH 885. Among crop geometries, soil moisture depletion (96.6 mm) and ground water contribution (61 mm) were recorded higher in 3 rows per bed than 2 rows per bed. Among three moisture regimes, the soil moisture depletion (108 mm) and ground water contribution (65 mm) decreased with increase in moisture regime from irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3 to irrigation at IW/CPE 0.4 or 0.5.

Monitoring Agricultural Drought in the Near East

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy De Pauw
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Dry Climates

The countries of North Africa and West Asia, hereafter referred to as the “Near East,” cover a large part of the world (more than 7,200,000 km2). This region is characterized by diverse but generally dry climates, in which evaporation exceeds precipitation. The level of aridity is indicated by the aridity index, the ratio of annual precipitation to annual potential evapotranspiration, calculated by the Penman method (UNESCO, 1979). The degree of aridity is shown spatially in figure 16.1 and summarized per country in table 16.1. These data show that the region is characterized by humid, subhumid, semiarid, and arid to hyperarid moisture regimes. In addition, temperature regimes vary considerably, particularly due to the differences in altitudes and, to a lesser extent, due to the oceanic/continental influences. For most of the region, the precipitation generally occurs during the October–April period and thus is concentrated over the winter season. Table 16.1 shows that, with more than 90% of the land area in hyperarid, arid, or semiarid moisture regimes, aridity is very significant in the Near East. Turkey is better endowed with surface and groundwater resources due to the orographic capture of Atlantic cyclonal precipitation, but much of the interior is semiarid. If one excludes the hyperarid zones, which cover the driest deserts and have no potential for agricultural use, nearly 34% of the region, or about 2,460,000 km2, is dryland (i.e., the area with arid or semiarid moisture regime). These are the areas with some potential for either dryland farming (in semiarid zones) or for extensive rangeland (in arid zones). In the Near East countries, agriculture contributes about 10–20% to the gross domestic product and is therefore a major pillar of their economies. However, the indirect importance of agriculture is larger because it provides the primary goods that constitute the majority of merchandise exports and because of the relatively high number of people employed in agriculture. Because of the high degree of aridity in large parts of the region, agriculture in the Near East is particularly vulnerable to drought. Most of the agricultural systems depend on rainfall.

scholarly journals Soil moisture regimes in Mexico in a global 1.5°C warming scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus David Gomez Diaz ◽  
Alejandro I. Monterroso ◽  
Patricia Ruiz ◽  
Lizeth M. Lechuga ◽  
Ana Cecilia Conde Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Warming Scenario ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Gfdl Model

Purpose This study aims to present the climate change effect on soil moisture regimes in Mexico in a global 1.5°C warming scenario. Design/methodology/approach The soil moisture regimes were determined using the Newhall simulation model with the database of mean monthly precipitation and temperature at a scale of 1: 250,000 for the current scenario and with the climate change scenarios associated with a mean global temperature increase of 1.5°C, considering two Representative Concentration Pathways, 4.5 and 8.5 W/m2 and three general models of atmospheric circulation, namely, GFDL, HADGEM and MPI. The different vegetation types of the country were related to the soil moisture regimes for current conditions and for climate change. Findings According to the HADGEM and MPI models, almost the entire country is predicted to undergo a considerable increase in soil moisture deficit, and part of the areas of each moisture regime will shift to the next drier regime. The GFDL model also predicts this trend but at smaller proportions. Originality/value The changes in soil moisture at the regional scale that reveal the impacts of climate change and indicate where these changes will occur are important elements of the knowledge concerning the vulnerability of soils to climate change. New cartography is available in Mexico.

Soybean (Glycine max) Response to Chlorimuron and Imazaquin as Influenced by Soil Moisture

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Newsom ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to evaluate differential soybean cultivar tolerance to chlorimuron and imazaquin applied PPI, as influenced by soil moisture. Natural rainfall was supplemented with irrigation to achieve three moisture regimes: low (nonirrigated), optimum (5 cm wk–1), and excessive (15 cm wk–1). Imazaquin at 140 g ai ha–1did not adversely affect height or yield of cultivars under any of the moisture regimes. Excessive moisture, regardless of herbicide treatment, reduced height and yield with many of the cultivars. Chlorimuron at 80 g ai ha–1caused additional plant height reductions of 8 cm or more with ‘Asgrow 5403% ‘Asgrow 5979’, ‘Coker 686’, ‘Asgrow 6785’, ‘Hartz 6686’, and 'Sharkey’ in the excessive moisture regime, and yield was reduced 450 kg ha–1or more with ‘Hutcheson’, ‘Terra-Vig 515’, Coker 686, Asgrow 6785, and Hartz 6686. Chlorimuron in the optimum moisture regime reduced the height of Coker 686 and ‘Deltapine 566’ 10 and 11 cm, respectively; however, no yield reductions were noted.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, TEMPERATURE, AND MOISTURE REGIME ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF NEEPAWA WHEAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. D. PARTRIDGE ◽  
C. F. SHAYKEWICH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Subsequent Rise ◽  
Significant Direct Effect ◽  
Moderate Stress

Experiments were conducted in growth chambers growing wheat on a soil initially low in NO3-N. At rates up to 100 ppm N, grain yield increased with succeeding increments of fertilizer-N. Increased temperatures (15, 21, and 25 C) significantly decreased grain yield in most instances. Low to moderate stress soil moisture regimes (0.3–0.5 and 0.3–2.8 bars) had no significant influence on grain yield. A line was plotted for percent protein vs. added fertilizer-N resulting in a concave protein curve, with an initial decrease in protein to 50 ppm N and a subsequent rise with 100 and 200 ppm N. At each level of N, a close negative correlation was shown between percent protein and grain yield. The effect of increased temperature in increasing percent protein was found to be mostly an indirect effect through the influence of temperature on grain yield. Moisture regime was found to have no significant direct effect on percent protein.

Soil moisture conditions affect the sensitivity ofBromus catharticusdormant seeds to light and the emergence pattern of seedlings

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico P.O. Mollard ◽  
Pedro Insausti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Conditions

AbstractThe soil moisture regime may affect dormancy of seeds and their sensitivity to signals that promote germination. We studied the effect of moisture regime on the sensitivity to light of dormantBromus catharticusseeds, and on the emergence pattern of seedlings. Seeds were incubated under continuously hydrated, continuously dehydrated, or fluctuating moisture regimes in a controlled environment (25°C, darkness) for 2 months. After moisture treatments, seeds were exposed to red or far-red light pulses, or to darkness, to determine germinability. In addition, grassland mesocosms with intact seed bank and vegetation were irrigated or subjected to a drought regime in a glasshouse at summer temperatures. After 2 months, the temperature was reduced to correspond to grassland temperatures in autumn; the canopy was removed and half of the mesocosms were covered with filters that exclude red light. Density ofB. catharticusseedlings was evaluated after 2 weeks. Dormancy decreased in continuously hydrated seeds but they still required red light for germination. In contrast, an important fraction of seeds that experienced continuously dehydrated or fluctuating moisture regimes germinated in darkness or after far-red light pulses. In the mesocosms that had experienced a soil drought, a higher density of seedlings emerged in the absence of red light than in the daily irrigated mesocosms. This indicates that a fraction ofB. catharticusseeds acquired the capability to germinate under the canopy, especially in the drought moisture regime. Results indicate that the soil moisture environment experienced during dormancy affects the sensitivity to light ofB. catharticusseeds, as well as the emergence pattern of seedlings.

Leaf morphology and photosynthetic rate in birch seedlings and stump sprouts

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 952-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kauppi ◽  
M. Kiviniitty ◽  
A. Ferm
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mesophyll Structure ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Seed Origin

Comparisons were made of the leaves of sprout-origin and seed-origin shoots of Betulapubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth grown under constant or varying temperatures. Particular attention was paid to leaf structure and other factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis. Differences in shoot growth, leaf size, mesophyll structure, and chlorophyll and nitrogen content were observed between the sprouts and seedlings of both species over the course of the growing season. Many of these differences were reflected in the photosynthesis measurements. The sprouts of both species appeared to show a better photosynthetic capacity in their first growing season than the seedlings, and they continued their height growth longer into the autumn. A distinct decline in the level of photosynthesis took place during the growing season. The results suggest that perhaps because of their higher chlorophyll and nitrogen content, young sprouts benefit more from the extremes of temperature at the beginning and end of the growing season than seedlings of the same age. The optimum temperature was the same for sprouts and seedlings of both species. Whether the superior photosynthetic capacity of sprouts compared with seedlings is maintained in later years remains to be resolved.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Moisture Management on the Development of Potato mop-top virus-Induced Tuber Necrosis

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Domfeh ◽  
N. C. Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Powdery Scab ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Tuber Necrosis ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Potato Mop Top Virus

Potato mop-top virus (PMTV), transmitted by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea, the causal agent of powdery scab in potato, has become one of the most important tuber necrosis viruses in the United States. The virus has been confirmed in six major potato-producing states in the United States since its identification in 2003. Currently, no control methods are available for PMTV or its vector. A growth-chamber experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of using moisture regime adjustments to manage tuber necrosis caused by PMTV. Two commercial potato cultivars with varying levels of sensitivity to PMTV, ‘Dakota Crisp’ and ‘Ivory Crisp’, were grown in soil obtained from a PMTV-infested field. Over the course of the plant growth cycle, plants of each cultivar were subjected to moisture regimes of wet throughout (WT), wet early/dry late (WEDL), dry early/wet late (DEWL), and dry throughout (DT). Soil moisture levels of 90 and 60% field capacity were considered wet and dry, respectively, while early and late refer to first and last 50 days after planting, respectively. Results of visual assessment conducted 3 months after storage showed significant differences in root gall formation, powdery scab on tubers, and PMTV tuber necrosis among moisture regimes. Powdery scab incidence was significantly higher in the WT and DEWL regimes than WEDL and DT regimes. PMTV tuber necrosis incidence did not differ between the WT and DEWL or between DEWL and WEDL moisture regimes. However, PMTV tuber necrosis incidence was significantly higher in WT than under WEDL and DT regimes. The incidence of PMTV tuber necrosis was significantly lower in the DT regime than in the other three moisture regimes. Severity of PMTV tuber necrosis was significantly higher in the WT than the other regimes, which did not differ statistically among themselves. A significant interaction was found between cultivar and moisture regime on root gall formation, with the highest number of galls found on Ivory Crisp grown in the WT moisture regime. A significant correlation was found between powdery scab incidence on tubers and PMTV-induced tuber necrosis incidence. The results of this study provide useful basic information upon which further work can be built for formulating irrigation management schemes that have the potential of reducing the likelihood of powdery scab infection and PMTV-induced tuber necrosis development in potato.

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