Threshold levels for foliar injury to Populustremuloides by sulfur dioxide and ozone

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Karnosky
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Leaf Drop

The response of five Populustremuloides Michx. clones to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) was studied in controlled fumigation chambers in the greenhouse. Threshold levels for foliar injury varied from clone to clone and were in the range of 0.35 to 0.65 ppm SO2 and 0.05 to 0.20 ppm O3 for 3-h exposures. Evidence was found for more-than-additive effects of the two pollutants when they were applied in combination.The most common symptoms for both SO2 and O3 injury were large bifacial chlorotic and necrotic areas which appeared within 20 to 48 h after fumigations. Sulfur dioxide injury rapidly bleached to a light tan color, whereas the O3 injury remained dark until leaf drop. Ozone injury also frequently extented across the veins, whereas SO2 injury usually did not.

scholarly journals Sulfur dioxide-enhanced Phytotoxicity of Ozone to Watermelon

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Eason ◽  
Richard A. Reinert ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
The Impact

Three watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars with different ozone (O3) sensitivities were grown in a charcoal-filtered greenhouse and exposed in continuous-stirred tank reactor chambers to five levels (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 nL·L-1) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the presence (80 nL·L-1) or absence (0 nL·L-1) of ozone (O3) for 4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 22 days. In the presence of O3, SO2 increased foliar injury in all three cultivars, but the impact was greatest for the most O3-sensitive cultivar, `Sugar Baby,' moderate for `Crimson Sweet,' and least for the least O3-sensitive cultivar, `Charleston Gray.' For all cultivars, SO2 intensified O3 suppression of leaf area for the first seven mainstem leaves and of dry weights for aboveground and total plant tissues. Root dry weight was independently suppressed by both pollutants, and the root: top ratio was linearly suppressed by SO2 alone. Sulfur dioxide combined with O3 can be detrimental to crop species such as watermelon. Thus, the potential for SO2 phytotoxicity should not be summarily dismissed, especially in the vicinity of SO2 point sources where O3 co-occurs.

scholarly journals Chromosome Location Contributing to Ozone Tolerance in Wheat

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsayed M. Mashaheet ◽  
Kent O. Burkey ◽  
David S. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Ozone Tolerance ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
Significant Injury

Breeding wheat for higher grain yield can contribute to global food security and sustainable production on less land. Tropospheric ozone can injure wheat plants and subsequently reduce grain yield. Identification of ozone tolerance in the wheat genome can assist plant breeders in developing new sources of tolerant germplasm. Our objective was to use the ‘Chinese Spring’ monosomic lines to screen for ozone response and identify the chromosomic locations contributing to ozone tolerance based on foliar injury. Two methodologies, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors and Outdoor Plant Environment Chambers, were used to expose wheat monosomic lines to varying concentrations and durations of ozone. Each wheat monosomic line in ‘Chinese Spring’ has a missing chromosome in each of the wheat subgenomes (A, B, and D). In both methodologies, we found significant and repeatable data to identify chromosome 7A as a major contributor to tolerance to ozone injury in ‘Chinese Spring’. In every experiment, the absence of chromosome 7A resulted in significant injury to wheat due to ozone. This was not the case when any other chromosome was missing.

Relationship of stomatal resistance to sulfur dioxide and ozone injury in grapevines

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Rosen ◽  
R.C. Musselman ◽  
W.J. Kender
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Relationship Of

Foliar injury responses of eleven plant species to ozone/sulfur dioxide mixtures

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T Tingey ◽  
Richard A Reinert ◽  
John A Dunning ◽  
Walter W Heck
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Foliar Injury

Foliar ozone injury and radial growth of ponderosa pine

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1877-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Temple ◽  
Paul R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Foliar injury symptoms and stem diameter growth were measured on well-watered and drought-stressed ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings at the end of each of 3 years of exposure to three levels of ozone: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone. Ozone-injury indices were constructed by adding percent chlorotic mottle and percent necrosis for each needle age-class. Percent necrosis was weighted from 1 to 5 times to construct different indices. Seedlings grown in nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone developed severe foliar injury after 2 years of exposure and were the only seedlings with significant reductions in radial growth after three seasons of exposure to a mean seasonal ozone concentration of 88 ppb. Foliage that had developed >30% chlorotic mottle by September of the 2nd year had abscised by September of the following year. Reduction in radial growth was significantly correlated with amount of foliar injury in well-watered trees, and the best-fit regression equation occurred when percent necrosis was weighted by a factor of 4. Regressions between foliar-injury indices and radial growth in drought-stressed trees were not significant, nor were regressions between radial growth and foliar injury among well-watered trees with only 1 year of premature needle abscission. The low R2 (0.30) between foliar injury and radial growth in well-watered trees and the lack of a significant regression in drought-stressed trees suggest that detection of reductions in stem diameter growth of ponderosa pine in the field in response to ozone injury could be difficult, except for severely injured trees with fewer than 2 years of foliar retention.

OXATHIIN CHEMICALS FOR CONTROL OF BRONZING OF WHITE BEANS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. CURTIS ◽  
L. V. EDGINGTON ◽  
D. J. LITTLEJOHNS
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Ozone Episode ◽  
Ozone Levels

Carbathiin (2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin) or its sulfoxide analog, carbathiin-monoxide sprayed at a rate of 2.2 kg/ha gave appreciable control of ozone injury on white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). When either of the two chemicals was applied to white bean plots on 2 August 1973, 2 days before a major ozone eipsode, the amount of premature leaf drop was reduced and yields increased as compared to unsprayed checks. Spraying the chemicals after the ozone episode was ineffective in reducing ozone injury. Pyracarbolid, a related oxathiin analog, did not protect white beans from ozone injury in field trials. Benomyl sprays gave a slight reduction in premature leaf drop but did not increase yields significantly when applied just before the ozone episode in early August. None of the chemicals was effective when applied after the incident of high ozone levels. A cost benefit analysis indicated that a single carbathiin spray applied prior to high ozone levels was effective and economical for the control of bronzing of white beans.

CHRONIC OZONE OR SULFUR DIOXIDE EXPOSURES, OR BOTH, AFFECT THE EARLY VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF SOYBEAN

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID T. TINGEY ◽  
CARLOS WICKLIFF ◽  
RICHARD A. REINERT ◽  
WALTER W. HECK
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Treatment Interaction

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cult Hood and Dare were exposed to low concentrations of ozone or sulfur dioxide, or both, during the first 3 wk of growth. Foliar injury occurred on both cultivars in the ozone and mix treatments. Dare developed more foliar injury than Hood. Plant height, top and root fresh and dry weights, and the dry shoot–root ratios were significantly reduced by the 10-pphm ozone treatment. The mix of 5 pphm ozone plus 5 pphm sulfur dioxide significantly reduced top fresh weight, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot–root ratios. Treatments of 5 pphm ozone, 5 pphm or 20 pphm sulfur dioxide had no significant effects on plant growth. The growth reductions resulting from the ozone–sulfur dioxide mix were greater than the additive reductions of the single gases. The lack of a significant cultivar × treatment interaction indicated that the growth of the two cultivars responded similarly to the various treatments.

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