Estimating shrub biomass from basal stem diameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Shrub Biomass ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Diameter Classes

For 25 northern Rocky Mountain shrub species, linear regressions are presented for total aboveground weight on basal stem diameter (average r2 of 0.91) and for leaf weight on basal stem diameter (average r2 of 0.74). The percentage of stem-wood weight in diameter classes of 0 to 0.5 cm, 0.5 to 2 cm, and 2 to 5 cm varies with basal stem diameter and species growth characteristics (as shown in figures). For these classes, diameters of stem wood averaged 0.21 cm, 0.76 cm, and 2.37 cm, respectively; however, some species differed significantly from these averages. Coefficients of variation ranged from 60 to 340 for shrub weight per unit area sampled in 12 stands. Some distributions were positively skewed. Implications for sampling are discussed.

scholarly journals Largest-Crown-Width Prediction Models for 53 Species in the Western United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Bechtold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Bioclimatic Index ◽  
Minor Improvement

Abstract The mean crown diameters of stand-grown trees 5.0-in. dbh and larger were modeled as a function of stem diameter, live-crown ratio, stand-level basal area, latitude, longitude, elevation, and Hopkins bioclimatic index for 53 tree species in the western United States. Stem diameter was statistically significant in all models, and a quadratic term for stem diameter was required for some species. Crown ratio and/or Hopkins index also improved the models for most species. A term for stand-level basal area was not generally needed but did yield some minor improvement for a few species. Coefficients of variation from the regression solutions ranged from 17 to 33%, and model R2 ranged from 0.15 to 0.85. Simpler models, based solely on stem diameter, are also presented. West. J. Appl. For. 19(4):245–251.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

Water Relations and Leaf Structure of the Evergreen Shrubs Eurya emarginata (Theaceae) and E. japonica in Coastal and Inland Habitats

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Mishio ◽  
Naoki Kachi
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Eurya Emarginata

Stomatal conductance and leaf water potential at around noon, pre-dawn leaf water potential, pressure–volume parameters, and leaf structural characteristics including leaf thickness, leaf dry mass per unit area and turgid leaf water content per unit area were compared between a coastal shrub species, Eurya emarginata (Thunb.) Makino and an inland shrub species, E. japonica Thunb. The pre-dawn leaf water potential was only slightly lower in E. emarginata than in E. japonica, and the environmental conditions such as the photosynthetic photon flux density and the vapour pressure deficit did not differ obviously between the two habitats. No apparent differences were observed in the pressure–volume parameters between the two species. On the other hand, E. emarginata had much higher stomatal conductance and significantly thicker leaves with higher turgid leaf water content per unit area than E. japonica. The thicker leaf with higher water content on an area basis in E. emarginata maintains adequate leaf turgor pressure against a higher rate of transpiration.

scholarly journals Investigation of rooting and growth characteristics of poplar clones in hydroponic and soil cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Ahmadloo Fatemeh ◽  
Calagari Mohsen ◽  
Salehi Azadeh ◽  
Goodarzi Gholam Reza
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Poplar Cuttings

In this study, rooting and growth characteristics of different poplar clones from six species including Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall clone Lux, Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia (Pursh) W. Wettstein clone 17/13, Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier clone 561/41, P. deltoides clone Samsun, Populus alba Linnaeus clone 49/9, Populus caspica (Bornmüller) Bornmüller, and Populus euphratica Olivier in hydroponic and soil cultures have been evaluated. In hydroponic culture, poplar cuttings were grown in plastic tanks and in soil culture, poplar cuttings were planted into plastic pots with 12 replications for each clone. The pot experiment was a Complete Randomized Design. Root length, stem diameter, stem height, and root and shoot dry matter of poplar plants were studied in hydroponic culture after 84 days and in soil culture three times at 6, 12, 18 weeks in 2017. In hydroponic culture, the cuttings of P. deltoides Lux and P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and of P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica were among the first and last clones that rooted, respectively. Also, the lowest rate of rooting was observed in P. deltoides Samsun and P. euphratica clones. The highest values of all parameters except root length were obtained in P. euphratica. The highest root length and stem diameter were observed in clones of P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, P. euramericana 561/41, and P. deltoides Samsun. In soil culture, P. deltoides Lux, P. nigra betulifolia 17/13, and P. alba 49/9 showed the highest percentage of rooting compared to the other clones at the first measurement. All the clones except the clone of P. euphratica reached above 40 cm root length in each of the three measurement periods. The highest stem diameter, stem height, and shoot dry matter were obtained in clone of P. deltoides Lux and root dry matter in clone of P. alba 49/9.

scholarly journals Deepening Rooting Depths Improve Plant Water and Carbon Status of a Xeric Tree during Summer Drought

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Xin-Jun Zheng ◽  
Gui-Qing Xu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Diameter Classes

Exploring the effects of drought on trees of different sizes is an important research topic because the size-dependent mortality pattern of the major dominant species significantly affects the structure and function of plant communities. Here we studied the physiological performance and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) dynamics of a small xeric tree species, Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) of different tree size with varying rooting depth, during summer drought. We measured predawn (Ψpd) and midday (Ψm) leaf water potential, osmotic potential at saturated turgor (π100), and turgor lost point (Ψtlp), stomatal conductance (gs) at noon, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in the morning, and NSCs concentration, from June–September. Our results demonstrated that the summer drought reduces the overall performance of physiological traits of the small young trees more than the larger adult trees. Ψpd, gs and Fv/Fm dropped larger in the small-diameter groups than the larger diameter groups. Substantial osmotic adjustments were observed in small size individuals (with lower π100 and Ψtlp) to cope with summer drought. Furthermore, mean concentration of NSCs for the leaf and shoot were higher in September than in July in every basal stem diameter classes suggested the leaf and shoot acted as reserve for NSC. However the root NSCs concentrations within each basal stem diameter class exhibited less increase in September than in the July. At the same time, the small young tress had lower root NSCs concentrations than the larger adult tree in both July and September. The contrasting root NSC concentrations across the basal stem diameter classes indicated that the roots of smaller trees may be more vulnerable to carbon starvation under non-lethal summer drought. The significant positive relationship between rooting depth and physiological traits & root NSCs concentration emphasize the importance of rooting depth in determining the seasonal variation of water status, gas exchange and NSCs.

scholarly journals Growth characteristics, biomass yield and mineral concentrations in seven varieties of Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) at establishment in Kelantan, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Nurul Eizaty Syafieqa ◽  
Nurul Aliah Binti Mohd Diah ◽  
Takahiro Gondo ◽  
Raja Ili Arina Binti Raja Khalif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Study Zone ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Growth characteristics, biomass yield and mineral concentrations were evaluated in a completely randomized design study of 7 Napier grass varieties. Data on tiller number per plant, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, leaf:stem ratio and dry matter (DM) yield, as well as concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron, were obtained at 2 months growth. The growth characteristics, DM yields and mineral concentrations (except phosphorus) varied significantly (P<0.01) among varieties. The variety Indian was tallest (221 cm) and produced the highest DM yield (6.3 t/ha), whereas Dwarf had the highest tiller number and leaf:stem ratio. Purple had the longest and Taiwan and Indian the widest leaves. Kobe, Pakchong and Purple had the greatest stem diameter. Concentrations of Ca, K and Na were greatest in Zanzibar, while Dwarf had the highest concentrations of N, Zn, Mn and Fe. Studies beyond the establishment phase over a range of seasons and in a range of environments at different ages of harvest are needed to confirm the merits of different Napier grass varieties in the study zone.

scholarly journals A biomass equation dataset for common shrub species in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Zongqiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Biomass Equation ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Biomass Equations ◽  
Shrub Biomass ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function

Abstract. Shrub biomass equations provide an accurate, efficient and convenient method in estimating biomass of shrubland ecosystems and biomass of the shrub layer in forest ecosystems at various spatial and temporal scales. In recent decades, many shrub biomass equations have been reported mainly in journals, books and postgraduate's dissertations. However, these biomass equations are applicable for limited shrub species with respect to a large number of shrub species widely distributed in China, which severely restricted the study of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function, such as biomass, production, and carbon budge. Therefore, we firstly carried out a critical review of published literature (from 1982 to 2019) on shrub biomass equations in China, and then developed biomass equations for the dominant shrub species using a unified method based on field measurements of 738 sites in shrubland ecosystems across China. Finally, we constructed the first comprehensive biomass equation dataset for China’s common shrub species. This dataset consists of 822 biomass equations specific to 167 shrub species and has significant representativeness to the geographical, climatic and shrubland vegetation features across China. The dataset is freely available at https://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.00641 for noncommercial scientific applications, and this dataset fills a significant gap in woody biomass equations and provides key parameters for biomass estimation in studies on terrestrial ecosystem structure and function.

scholarly journals Anticipating the formation of guava seedlings using mini-grafting onto smaller-diameter clonal rootstocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Barreto de Souza Arantes ◽  
Cláudia Sales Marinho ◽  
Raudielle Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Sydney Pereira Galvão ◽  
Giuliana Pulitini Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Diameter Classes ◽  
Grafting Onto

Abstract The production of grafted seedlings requires longer periods of time. The technique of mini-grafting onto rootstocks previously obtained from herbaceous cuttings can guarantee the genetic fidelity of scion and rootstock and allows grafting onto smaller-diameter stems, accelerating the time required to obtain seedlings. The aim of this study was to anticipate the formation of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings grafted onto clonal rootstocks with smaller-diameter stems. Treatments consisted of grafting onto rootstocks with five stem diameter classes. The experimental design was randomised blocks with three replicates and five seedlings per plot. Rootstocks were produced from cuttings of herbaceous branches of mother plants originating from crossing between P. guineense and P. cattleianum. Mini-grafts were obtained from a clonal ‘Paluma’ guava mini-garden . Seedlings grafted onto rootstocks with stem diameters from 3.7 to 10.3 mm presented the same success rate however the greatest seedling vigour was observed when grafted onto larger-diameter rootstocks. Grafting success and seedling height show that mini-grafting onto clonal rootstocks with diameters from 3.7 to 5.5 mm allows producing seedlings suitable for transplanting 300 days after cutting.

scholarly journals Utilization potential of naturally regenerated Mongolian Betula platyphylla wood based on growth characteristics and wood properties

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Togtokhbayar Erdene-Ochir ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Bayasaa Tumenjargal ◽  
Bayartsesteg Baasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Stress Wave ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Stress Wave Velocity

To preliminary evaluate the potential wood utilization of Sukaczev trees naturally regenerated in Mongolia, growth characteristics (stem diameter and tree height), wood properties (annual ring width, basic density, and compressive strength parallel to grain at the green condition) of core samples, and stress-wave velocity in stems were investigated for trees grown naturally in three different sites in Selenge, Mongolia. trees, naturally grown in Nikko, Japan, were also examined to compare wood properties between the two regions. The mean values of stem diameter, tree height, stress-wave velocity of stems, annual ring width, basic density, and compressive strength parallel to grain at green condition in Mongolian were 17.6 cm, 14.1 m, 3.50 km s, 1.27 mm, 0.51 g cm, and 20.4 MPa, respectively. Basic density and compressive strength were decreased first from the pith, and then gradually increased toward the bark. The wood properties of trees grown naturally in Mongolia were similar to those in trees grown in Japan. Growth characteristics, especially stem diameter, were positively correlated with the stress-wave velocity of stems and basic density. Early evaluation of basic density in trees is possible by using wood located 2 cm from the pith. Basic density at the position from the 1st to the 15th annual ring from the pith showed significant between-site differences in Mongolian . Based on the results, it is concluded that the wood of trees grown in Mongolia may be used for industrial products as well as those from similar species in other countries.Betula platyphyllaBetula platyphyllaBetula platyphyllaB. platyphylla–1–3B. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphylla

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