Effects of Photoperiod on Growth and Peroxidase in Three Hybrid Poplars

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Wray ◽  
John C. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzymes ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Total Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Growth Chambers

Three Populus hybrids (Tristis No. 1, Crandon, and Wisconsin No. 5) were grown for 5 weeks under 12- or 18- photoperiods in growth chambers. At four times during growth, dry weight and total peroxidase activity and isoenzyme expression were determined. The 12-h photoperiod resulted in less dry weight accumulation and height growth in all clones. Total peroxidase activity in the first mature internode was related to growth in the Crandon clone, whereas changes in the activity of specific anodic peroxidase isoenzymes were related to growth in the Tristis No. 1 and Wisconsin No. 5 clones.

Changes in Peroxidase in Isolated Aleurone Layers in Response to Gibberellic Acid

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gubler ◽  
AE Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzymes ◽  
Total Peroxidase Activity ◽  
High Level

The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on peroxidase activity and isoenzyme complement was followed in isolated aleurone layers of barley (Hordeurn vulgare L.) over a 48-h period. A high level of peroxidase activity was initially present in freshly isolated aleurone layers. Disc electrophoresis resolved nine peroxidase isoenzymes. By 36 h incubation, total peroxidase activity had doubled in response to GA3 and two new peroxidase isoenzymes were observed. Peroxidase release from isolated aleurone layers was also greatly stimulated by GA3 and more isoenzymes were found in the medium. The time course of release was similar to that for α-amylase. Peroxidase activity in endosperm of whole germinating grains began to increase after 2 days, peaked at 4 days and subsequently declined.

Growth, Opium Gum Yield, and Photoperiod Response in Five Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481d-481
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
M.C. Acock ◽  
B. Acock
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Positive Correlations

To develop models for estimating growth, flowering time and gum yield of opium poppy, we compared variability among five cultivars (T, L, B1, B2, B3) from different latitudes in three Southeast Asian countries. Variability in the relationships between gum yield, capsule volume, and dry weight was also examined. Plants were grown in six growth chambers at a 11-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, or 16-h photoperiod (PP) with a 12-h 25/20 °C thermoperiod. The main capsule was lanced for opium gum at 10, 13, and 16 d after flowering (DAF). Plants were harvested at 21 DAF and separated into leaves, stems, and capsules. Flowering time for B2 was affected least by PP and B1 the most. Flowering times for B3, L, and T were similar across the range of PPs. All cultivars showed a significant increase in flowering time from 14 to 13 h PP. Cultivars that flowered late (such as B1) had greater biomass than those that flowered earlier. However, cultivars that flowered earlier (such as L) had more dry matter partitioned into capsule than late-flowering ones. B2, B3, and L had the highest gum yields while B1 had the lowest. Positive correlations were found between gum dry weight and capsule volume (or dry weight) for T and L, but no correlations were observed between these variables for B1, B2, and B3. Our results indicated that plant dry weight varied as much as 77% and flowering time varied up to 40% even though the critical photoperiod was the same for all cultivars. The ratio of gum yield to capsule dry weight were significantly different between B1 and T.

Stabilité phénotypique de la croissance en hauteur et cinétique journalière de la pression de sève et de la transpiration chez le pin maritime (Pinuspinaster Ait.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 936-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Guyon ◽  
A. Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Coastal Sand Dune ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Coastal Sand ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Physiologic Activity ◽  
Response To Environmental Change ◽  
Pin Maritime

A study of geographic variation of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster Ait.) 9 years old, regarding height growth, transpiration and sap pressure daily kinetics has been performed in two sites, one in coastal sand dune and the other one in a more interior well-drained sandy moor. Successive height increments were measured from the 4th to the 9th year of growth and the year × provenance interaction was investigated. Transpiration and sap pressure were measured on 2-year-old needle fascicles. Results show discriminant variations between provenances and suggest some hypotheses about the possible ways of natural selection concerning drought resistance. The provenances North Landes (France) and Leiria (Portugal) grow best and strongly react to any variation of environmental factors as reflected by the high value of the slope of their regression lines (regression of their annual mean on the overall annual mean). Such a genotypie instability coincides with an intense physiologic activity (large flux of water correlated with a strong loss of weight by transpiration, reaching after 3 min 2% of the total dry weight of the separated needles and associated with the lowest sap pressure when the sun is around zenith). On the contrary, the Morocan provenance Tamjoute shows a large stability; its daily curves of transpiration and sap pressure reach early their maximum and minimum and therefore express a stress avoidance. Between these two extreme behaviours, the provenances Cazorla (south Spain) and Porto-Vecchio (Corsica) have intermediate values of transpiration and sap pressure, and their height growth shows a relative stability of response to environmental change.

scholarly journals A Method for Prediction of Graft Incompatibility in Sweet Cherry

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Filiz GUCLU ◽  
Fatma KOYUNCU
Keyword(s):  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Graft Incompatibility ◽  
Old Trees

This study was carried out on 1-year old trees of ‘0900 Ziraat’ variety grafted onto ‘Kuş kirazi’, ‘Kara idris’, ‘Sari idris’, ‘MaxMa 14’, ‘MaxMa 60’ and ‘Gisela 5’ in order to determine their compatibility. For this purpose, total peroxidase activity was determined by spectrophotomery assay. Taking ground tissue samples were planned three times as before the grafting (beginning), and then 8 and 12 months after grafting. Total peroxidase activities of rootstocks before grafting varied between 10.80 ΔAg.min. (‘Kuş kirazi’) and 7.83 ΔAg.min. (‘Kara idris’) and were found to be statistically important. The peroxidase activity of ‘0900 Ziraat’ was 11.07ΔAg.min. and the closest value occurred in Prunus avium rootstock. The most different values occurred in rootstocks of ‘Kara idris’ and ‘Gisela 5’. The results showed that peroxidase activity increased in rootstock and graft scion. This increase had higher values in heterogenetic combinations especially in ‘0900 Ziraat’/‘Gisela 5’ and ‘0900 Ziraat’/‘Kara idris’ grafts. Peroxidase activity was decreased at the 12th month for all combinations. The highest value was obtained from ‘0900 Ziraat’/‘MaxMa 14’ combinaion with 29.17 ΔAg.min. while lowest one was ‘0900 Ziraat’/‘Kuş kirazi’ with 17.39. The findings showed that peroxidase activity could be used as a parameter in early determination of graft incompatibility.

Monosomic analysis of leaf peroxidase Px0 and Px9 loci in hexaploid oats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinobu Morikawa
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzymes

Inheritance of the peroxidase isoenzymes of the flag leaf blade was examined by isoelectrofocusing in the hexaploid oats Avena byzantina cv. Kanota, Avena fatua ssp. compacta, and Avena sativa cv. Cherokee. Two independent peroxidase loci (Px0 and Px9) were detected in the F2 from the 'Kanota' × compacta cross. The Px0a derived from compacta expressed the highest peroxidase activity and was accompanied by a post-transcriptionally modified form or mozyme. A monosomic analysis of the Px0 and Px9 loci revealed that they were located on chromosomes 18 and 6, respectively. Phenotypic expression of the peroxidases varied in each genotye at the Px0 and Px9 loci. Phenotypes of the homozygote (Px0aPx0a) and the hemizygote (Px0a—) were similar to each other. The heterozygote (Px0aPx0b) had half the enzymatic activity of the others. Px9b of compacta was functional as a suppressor but that of 'Cherokee' was nonfunctional.Key words: monosomic analysis, peroxidase loci, isoenzyme, hexaploid oats.

Boron Deficiency in a Southern Pine Nursery

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Stone ◽  
C. A. Hollis ◽  
E. L. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Boron deficiency in seedling loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliotti Engelm.) in a northern Florida nursery was diagnosed by: (1) characteristic damage to shoot tips and buds, including necrosis of only part of the terminal; and (2) boron concentrations as low as only 1.9 ppm (dry weight) in affected tissues. Soil and soil-management features associated with deficiency include extremely low silt and clay contents, organic matter levels of 1 percent or less, lack of boron addition, and high calcium irrigation water leading to soil reactions above pH 6 by late summer. Consequences of deficiency were not limited to the nursery. Damaged seedlings that survived outplanting developed into bushy plants incapable of normal height growth in the first year or two.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and crown size on asparagus yielding

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesińsk ◽  
Jerzy Stachowiak ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Crown Size

Abstract In order to determine the effect of temperature on asparagus yielding in the case of different crown sizes, asparagus plants were planted in growth chambers, in an aeroponic system with recirculation. The results show that asparagus yield was dependent on air temperature and crown size; however, crown size had a greater influence on the yield. The diameter and weight of the asparagus spears were also dependent on crown size. Higher dry weight content, degrees Brix, fructan and total carbohydrate content in storage roots were documented in large crown asparagus plants before and after harvest. Large sized crowns were also shown to build thicker and higher ferns.

A basic peroxidase isoenzyme from the grape pedicel is induced by gibberellic acid

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Pérez ◽  
Verónica Morales
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzymes ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzyme ◽  
Soluble Peroxidase

Soluble peroxidase activity from pedicels of seedless table grape cv. Sultana was highly stimulated by post-bloom applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) to vines. The increase in peroxidase activity was mainly due to the induction of a basic peroxidase isoenzyme (pI > 9; BPrx-HpI). The activity of two other peroxidase isoenzymes of pI 6.5 and 3.2 was not altered by the hormone treatment. BPrx-HpI was induced by GA3 in pedicels and rachis but not in berries, although in berries peroxidase activity was also stimulated by post-bloom GA3 applications. BPrx-HpI oxidised guaiacol and ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PDA), while the others peroxidases found in the pedicel and in the berry oxidised only o-PDA. Hence, BPrx-HpI was characterised as a guaiacol-peroxidase showing no activity towards ascorbic acid (ASC). The possible role of BPrx-HpI in pedicel lignification and berry-drop caused by GA3 applications to cv. Sultana vines is discussed.

Effect of SO2 on transpiration, chlorophyll content, growth, and injury in young seedlings of woody angiosperms

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Suwannapinunt ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Effects of SO2 on transpiration, chlorophyll content, growth, and injury of woody angiosperm seedlings were studied during the first few weeks after germination. Fumigation of silver maple (Acersaccharinum L.) and black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) seedlings with SO2 at 0.75 ppm for 2 to 16 h increased transpirational water loss. As duration of fumigation was increased, the effect of SO2 on increasing transpiration declined. Leaves of silver maple seedlings fumigated with SO2 at 0.75 ppm for 8 to 16 h were injured; those of black locust were not. In another experiment, the adverse effects of SO2 were greater on black locust than on American elm (Ulmusamericana L.) seedlings. Fumigation of young black locust seedlings with SO2 at 2 ppm for 1 or 4 h significantly reduced chlorophyll content, height growth, dry weight increment of roots, and leaf formation. Leaf injury symptoms appeared within 24 h after fumigation with 2 ppm SO2 for 4 h. Fumigation of American elm seedlings with SO2 at 0.5 or 2 ppm for 0.5 to 4 h decreased dry weight increment of roots but did not injure plants or significantly influence chlorophyll content, height growth, or leaf dry weight. Inhibition of dry weight increment of roots was a more sensitive indicator of susceptibility to SO2 than was reduction in dry weight increment of shoots.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pythium ultimum and Soil Flooding on Two Soybean Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Kirkpatrick ◽  
C. S. Rothrock ◽  
J. C. Rupe ◽  
E. E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
Top Dry Weight

The effect of flooding and Pythium ultimum on soybean, Glycine max, was determined in a series of greenhouse experiments using the cultivars Hutcheson and Archer. Seeds were planted into pasteurized soil either not infested or infested with sand-cornmeal inoculum of P. ultimum and either flooded at emergence for 2 days or at the four leaf node stage (V4) for 5 days. A nonflooded control was included in each experiment. Seeds placed directly into infested soil resulted in little or no stand for Hutcheson regardless of flood treatment, whereas stand was reduced for Archer only in the flooded infested soil treatment. Additional experiments were conducted by placing seed onto a 2- to 5-mm layer of pathogen-free soil on top of the infested soil. Flooding at emergence reduced plant height, growth stage, and top dry weight for Hutcheson and root fresh weight for both cultivars. Greater reductions for Hutcheson in root weight, and top dry weight in P. ultimum-infested soil in the soil layer experiments, also indicated that Hutcheson was more susceptible than Archer. Flooding alone decreased root weights, and infestation with P. ultimum reduced weights further resulting in an additive effect. This also was the case for plant height, growth stage, and top dry weight for Hutcheson for flooding at emergence. Root discoloration was greatly increased for both cultivars in infested soil flooded at emergence. Similar results were found when plants were flooded at V4; however, the effect was not as great as with flooding at emergence. These studies indicate that Pythium damping-off and root rot may account for a portion of the negative response of soybean to flooding. The results also indicate that Archer has some resistance to P. ultimum.

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