Accumulation of Organic Matter in a Series of Douglas-fir Stands

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Turner ◽  
James N. Long
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Density Maximum ◽  
Crown Closure

The total aboveground biomass of a series of Douglas-fir stands which are located in western Washington increased with age while the foliar biomass and total crown biomass reached a steady state of about 11 000 kg/ha at between 40 and 50 years, depending upon stand density. Maximum wood productivity occurred near the time of crown closure, but the age of crown closure varied, with denser stands reaching crown closure at a younger age. Understory aboveground biomass and returns represented a significant portion of stand organic matter before crown closure but decreased in importance as the stand increased in age. In terms of relative contribution to stand organic matter, the vascular species of the understory were supplanted by mosses during the later stages of stand development. While the understory represented a small proportion of organic matter distribution, that is, less than 5% of standing plant biomass, it was a significant proportion of total productivity (up to 17%) and an even higher proportion of organic matter that was returned to the forest floor (up to 43% of total return). The forest floor in this series of stands did not reach a steady state but continued to increase in weight. The decomposition rate appeared to decrease with age.

Fungal and arboreal biomass in a western Oregon Douglas-fir ecosystem: distribution patterns and turnover

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fogel ◽  
Gary Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Soil Hyphae

The allocation of biomass and the turnover time of various components were measured from August 1976 to August 1977 in a young, second-growth Douglas-fir stand in the Oregon Coast Range. Allocation of biomass among the tree components was 14 732 kg foliage ha−1, 30 455 kg branches ha−1, 212 941 kg boles ha−1, 49 289 kg nonmycorrhizal roots ha−1, and 15 015 kg host portion of mycorrhizae ha−1. Biomass allocation of fungal components was 10 009 kg mycorrhizal mantles ha−1, 2785 kg Cenococcumgeophilum sclerotia ha−1, 65 kg sporocarps ha−1, 369 kg litter hyphae ha−1, and 6666 kg soil hyphae ha−1. The forest floor was composed of 6970 kg fine (<2 mm) litter ha−1, 6564 kg coarse (2–25 mm) litter ha−1, and 5500 kg log (>25 mm) litter ha−1. Soil organic matter (<0.494 mm) was 87 600 kg ha−1. Total annual stand throughput was 30 324 kg ha−1, excluding soil organic matter throughput. Of this total, 50.5% was accounted for by fungal throughput, 39.5% by tree throughput, and 10.0% by forest floor throughput.

Contribution of mycorrhizae and soil fungi to nutrient cycling in a Douglas-fir ecosystem

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fogel ◽  
Gary Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Range Tree ◽  
Bole Biomass ◽  
Total Tree

The allocation of biomass and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) was measured from August 1976 to September 1978 in a young, second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand in the Oregon Coast Range. Tree biomass comprised 78–79% of the total standing crop of organic matter with the remainder allocated as follows: soil organic matter, 17%; forest floor, 4%; and fungi, 2%. Bole biomass accounted for 64–66% of the total tree standing crop; the remainder was apportioned among: nonmycorrhizal roots, 17–18%; branches, 7–8%; mycorrhizae, 6%; and foliage, 4%. Nutrient stocks in aboveground tree components exceeded those in belowground components by one to nine times. For all nutrients except Ca, roots and mycorrhizae contained larger stocks than either the forest floor or fungi; amounts of Ca in the forest floor and in fungi were twice those in roots and mycorrhizae. Return of organic matter to the soil by fine roots and mycorrhizae ranged from 84 to 78% of total tree return. About 73% of total net primary production was invested in growth and maintenance of roots and mycorrhizae. Return of N, P, and K to the soil by mycorrhizae comprised 83–87% of total tree return and 25–51% of Ca and Mg return. Return by mycorrhizae of N, P, and K was four to five times greater than that of roots, nearly equal for Ca, and three times less for Mg.

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF THE THREE SITES (GRAZED SITE, PROTECTED SITE AND SEED SOWN SITE) FOR COMPARING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN KASHMIR VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AFSHAN ANJUM BABA ◽  
SYED NASEEM UL-ZAFAR GEELANI ◽  
ISHRAT SALEEM ◽  
MOHIT HUSAIN ◽  
PERVEZ AHMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protected Site

The plant biomass for protected areas was maximum in summer (1221.56 g/m2) and minimum in winter (290.62 g/m2) as against grazed areas having maximum value 590.81 g/m2 in autumn and minimum 183.75 g/m2 in winter. Study revealed that at Protected site (Kanidajan) the above ground biomass ranged was from a minimum (1.11 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum (4.58 t ha-1) in the summer season while at Grazed site (Yousmarag), the aboveground biomass varied from a minimum (0.54 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum of 1.48 t ha-1 in summer seasonandat Seed sown site (Badipora), the lowest value of aboveground biomass obtained was 4.46 t ha-1 in spring while as the highest (7.98 t ha-1) was obtained in summer.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Protease Activity in Forest Floor of Norway Spruce Stand

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Ladislav Holik ◽  
Jiří Volánek ◽  
Valerie Vranová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chlorocholine Chloride ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Transformation Processes

Soil proteases are involved in organic matter transformation processes and, thus, influence ecosystem nutrient turnovers. Phytohormones, similarly to proteases, are synthesized and secreted into soil by fungi and microorganisms, and regulate plant rhizosphere activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of auxins, cytokinins, ethephon, and chlorocholine chloride on spruce forest floor protease activity. It was concluded that the presence of auxins stimulated native proteolytic activity, specifically synthetic auxin 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (16% increase at added quantity of 5 μg) and naturally occurring indole-3-acetic acid (18%, 5 μg). On the contrary, cytokinins, ethephon and chlorocholine chloride inhibited native soil protease activity, where ethephon (36% decrease at 50 μg) and chlorocholine chloride (34%, 100 μg) showed the highest inhibitory effects. It was concluded that negative phytohormonal effects on native proteolytic activity may slow down organic matter decomposition rates and hence complicate plant nutrition. The study enhances the understanding of rhizosphere exudate effects on soil microbial activity and soil nitrogen cycle.

scholarly journals Biotic and Abiotic Determinants of Soil Organic Matter Stock and Fine Root Biomass in Mountain Area Temperate Forests—Examples from Cambisols under European Beech, Norway Spruce and Silver Fir (Carpathians, Central Europe)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Anna Zielonka ◽  
Marek Drewnik ◽  
Łukasz Musielok ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Dariusz Struzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests

Forest ecosystems significantly contribute to the global organic carbon (OC) pool, exhibiting high spatial heterogeneity in this respect. Some of the components of the OC pool in a forest (woody aboveground biomass (wAGB), coarse root biomass (CRB)) can be relatively easily estimated using readily available data from land observation and forest inventories, while some of the components of the OC pool are very difficult to determine (fine root biomass (FRB) and soil organic matter (SOM) stock). The main objectives of our study were to: (1) estimate the SOM stock; (2) estimate FRB; and (3) assess the relationship between both biotic (wAGB, forest age, foliage, stand density) and abiotic factors (climatic conditions, relief, soil properties) and SOM stocks and FRB in temperate forests in the Western Carpathians consisting of European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir (32 forest inventory plots in total). We uncovered the highest wAGB in beech forests and highest SOM stocks under beech forest. FRB was the highest under fir forest. We noted a considerable impact of stand density on SOM stocks, particularly in beech and spruce forests. FRB content was mostly impacted by stand density only in beech forests without any discernible effects on other forest characteristics. We discovered significant impacts of relief-dependent factors and SOM stocks at all the studied sites. Our biomass and carbon models informed by more detailed environmental data led to reduce the uncertainty in over- and underestimation in Cambisols under beech, spruce, and fir forests for mountain temperate forest carbon pools.

A study on the steady state of total organic matter in the Ocean

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikayoshi Matsudaira ◽  
Keinosuke Motohashi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Total Organic Matter

Aboveground Biomass of Reaumuria soongorica Shrub Effect on Soil Moisture and Nutrient Spatial Distribution in Arid and Semi-Arid Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3803-3806
Author(s):  
Bing Ru Liu ◽  
Jun Long Yang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Important Species

In order to revel aboveground biomass of R. soongorica shrub effect on soil moisture and nutrients spatial distribution, and explore mechanism of the changes of soil moisture and nutrients, soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at three soil layers (0-10cm,10-20cm, and 20-40cm) along five plant biomass gradients of R. soongorica were investigated. The results showed that soil moisture content increased with depth under the same plant biomass, and increased with plant biomass. Soil nutrient properties were evidently influenced with plant biomass, while decreased with depth. SOC and TN were highest in the top soil layer (0-10 cm), but TN of 10-20cm layer has no significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil nutrient contents were accumulated very slowly. These suggests that the requirement to soil organic matter is not so high and could be adapted well to the desert and barren soil, and the desert plant R. soongorica could be acted as an important species to restore vegetation and ameliorate the eco-environment.

Partial cut harvesting and ectomycorrhizae: early effects in Douglas-fir-larch forests of western Montana

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
M. J. Larsen ◽  
M. F. Jurgensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Early Effects

Numbers of ectomycorrhizae were assessed 3 years after harvesting approximately 50% of the overstory in two Douglas-fir-larch stands in western Montana, one was subjected to intensive residue removal, the other broadcast burned 1 year after harvest. Numbers of active ectomycorrhizal root tips were significantly reduced in the broadcast burned stand compared to either the intensively utilized stand or to an adjacent, undisturbed stand. This indicates that on difficult-to-regenerate sites, particularly where soil organic matter is low, it may be advantageous to dispose of slash created in partial cuts by means other than burning.

Greater humification of belowground than aboveground biomass carbon into particulate soil organic matter in no-till corn and soybean crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián R. Mazzilli ◽  
Armen R. Kemanian ◽  
Oswaldo R. Ernst ◽  
Robert B. Jackson ◽  
Gervasio Piñeiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Till ◽  
Particulate Soil
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document