Field Performance of Container-grown and Bareroot Trees in Coastal British Columbia

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Plug Seedling ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Average Survival Rate

A series of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) experimental plantations was established over three planting seasons at two representative areas on southern Vancouver Island to assess and compare the field performance of a) 6-cm and b) 11-cm Walters' bullets, c) 11-cm bullet-plugs, d) tubelings, and e) 2-0 bareroot stock.Five years after planting, the average survival rate of Douglas-fir seedlings was a) 67, b) 65, c) 81, d) 70, and e) 79%. For western hemlock, these respective figures were a) 50, b) 53, c) 65, d) 45, and e) 29%. Removing the container before planting greatly increased survival rate of the bullet-plug seedling (c). There was relatively little significant variation in survival of container-grown seedlings among the three planting seasons selected. The most important single cause of mortality among all planting categories was drought. Smothering by competing vegetation and soil erosion on steep slopes was also a significant factor contributing to seedling failure.

scholarly journals STUDY ON SURVIVABILITY OF NEWLY HATCHED LARVAE OF TWO SPECIES OF PEPPERMINT SHRIMP FED WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS AND DENSITIES OF LIVE FOODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Indra Pratama ◽  
Hatim Albasri
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Peppermint Shrimp ◽  
Trial Treatment ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Average Survival Rate

This study was aimed to evaluate different types and combinations of live foods in relation to the survivability of newly hatched Lysmata vittata and Lysmata intermedia larvae. The experiment consisted of three trials (different species, combinations, and densities of live foods) arranged in a completely randomized design. The first and second trials were subjected to L. vittata with three treatments for each trial (1A, 1B, 1C for trial-1; 1D, 1E, 1F for trial-2). The third trial consisted of two treatments (2A and 2B) tested on L. intermedia. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that the survival rates were low in all treatments. However, each treatment showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the average survival rate of L. vittata and L. intermedia larvae. In the first trial, treatment 1C was the only one that had survived larvae after day 35 with 4.44% of final average survival rate (FASR). Four of the larvae reached the post-larval stage. In the second trial, treatment 1F showed a better condition than the other treatments with 5.56% FASR. Nevertheless, no larvae in the second trial had transformed to post-larval stage before the experiment ended at day 46. In the third trial, no larvae survived to reach the post-larval stage. In spite of this, treatment 2B had better daily average survival rate (DASR) than treatment 2A. This research concludes that the use of copepods as live food at an early larval stage and Artemia at a later stage is relatively more effective to improve the survival rate of peppermint shrimp larvae.

scholarly journals Mortality of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers in contact with colony waste from different plant sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Lacerda ◽  
T.M.C. Della Lucia ◽  
O.L. Pereira ◽  
L.A. Peternelli ◽  
M.R. Tótola
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Average Survival Rate

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of colony waste on the mortality of workers of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel colonies fed with different plant substrates. Eight nests were used; two colonies each were fed with Acalypha wilkesiana Müller.Arg, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake or a mixture of the three substrates in equal proportions. Irrespective of diet, being kept with waste led to higher mortality. However, workers that were kept in contact with waste produced by colonies fed Acalypha had higher average survival rate and later death when compared with workers from the other treatments. Workers from the Eucalyptus-fed colonies had the lowest survival rate and 50% of them died within four days of exposure to Eucalyptus waste. Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray, a fungus garden antagonist, and the entomopathogen Aspergillus flavus Link. ex Gray were present in the colonies supplied with all plants. The largest fungus diversity was verified in the waste of colonies fed Acalypha and the mixture of Acalypha, Ligustrum and Eucalyptus. Therefore, antibiotic properties of Acalypha did not reduce contaminant diversity but apparently minimized effects of pathogenic microorganisms present in the waste such as Asp. flavus. This may explain the highest survival rate of workers in this treatment.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRODUCTION PROTOCOL FOR STRAWBERRY PLANTS INTO IN VITRO CULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
O.V. Mazneva ◽  
◽  
L.V. Tashmatova ◽  
T.M. Khromova ◽  
V.V. Shakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Average Survival Rate

The research was conducted in order to develop an effective protocol for introducing strawberry plants into in vitro culture. The objects of the research were the most popular varieties of strawberries of domestic and foreign selection: Tsaritsa, Bereginya, Florence, Frida, Kimberly, etc. Mercurial preparations mertiolate at a concentration of 0.01% and sulema at a concentration of 0.1% were used as sterilizing agents. The isolation of explants was performed in several periods: the beginning of the growth was in February, active growth was in June, the decline of growth was in August. The studies have shown that the maximum aseptic cultures were obtained when processing strawberry plant material with mercurycontaining sulema preparation in the concentration of 0.1%. At the first stage of micropropagation, explants had a high viability during all periods of the isolation, the average survival rate for varieties was 74.8-80.7%. A significant influence of the genotype (varietal characteristics) on the survival rates of explants was noted. The number of explants suitable for cloning did not depend on the overall level of regeneration. Stabilization of the crop during winter introduction was much faster than in other periods. Using the winter term of the isolation of strawberry explants allowed to increase the yield of explants capable of further cloning, accelerate the stabilization of the culture in vitro and reduce the time for obtaining micro-plants suitable for planting in non-sterile conditions. On average, 75.2% of explants capable of further cloning for the varieties were obtained. As a result of the research, the conditions and methods for obtaining the largest number of viable sterile strawberry explants were worked out, which will be included into the process of reproduction in vitro and further research.

Frost hardiness, root growth capacity, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Interior Spruce

Interior spruce (Piceaglaucaengelmannii complex), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) were grown from seed for 20 weeks in containers, with 18-h photoperiods. Fortnightly, over a 12-week acclimation period (September 7 – December 1) outdoors at Vernon, B.C., samples were taken for (i) foliage frost hardiness measurement, (ii) poststorage root growth capacity, and (iii) outplanting on forest sites. In all species, frost hardiness and root growth capacity increased with weeks of acclimation. Frost hardiness and root growth capacity were correlated with each other in western hemlock, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir, and with field performance (survival or growth) in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN AWAL KAYU MERAH (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) PADA PLOT KONSERVASI EX-SITU DI GUNUNGKIDUL UMUR 2 TAHUN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Yuliah Yuliah ◽  
Ari Fiani ◽  
Tri Pamungkas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Number Of Branches

Ex-situ conservation plot of kayu merah (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) has been established in Gunungkidul in2016. The purpose of this study was to observe the early growth of kayu merah in the plot at 2 years old. The plot was laid-out in randomized complete block design consisting of 68 families, 4 tree-plot and 5 blocks with spacing of 3 m × 3 m. Genetic materials of kayu merah were collected from 3 populations namely Timor, Flores and Seram. Measurement was conducted in survival rate, tree diameter, tree height and number of branches. The result showed that the average survival rate of family was high (≥80%). Based on the populations, the survival rate of Timor, Flores and Seram were around 95%, 96% and 96.5% respectively. The average height, diameter and number of branches were 275 cm, 2.79 cm and 1.66, respectively. There were significant differences for height, diameter and number of branches among the tested families. In general, family ranking varied among the measured traits. Correlation between the traits varied among the populations. The Seram population showed the top family ranking for all the traits. It indicated that characterization in ex-situ conservation plot using genetic materials collected from the three populations was important for further conservation program of kayu merah.

scholarly journals The soft-release of captive-born Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri (Amphibia: Caudata) into a highland stream, western Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 14259-14267
Author(s):  
Tayebe Salehi ◽  
Vahid Akmali ◽  
Mozafar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
International Union ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Average Survival Rate

Captive breeding and reintroduction programs are important conservation tools and are used for increasing the number of plant and animal species worldwide.  The endemic Kaiser’s Mountain Newt Neurergus kaiseri is listed as Vulnerable on the Red List by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and is amended to Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES).  In the present study, in order to learn about the survival ability of captive-born newts of N. kaiseri, we conducted a trial translocation of 15 two-year-old captive-born N. kaiseri into the highland stream in Sartakht Village, western Iran.  The survival rate of these newts were determined in two stages, involving early acclimatization in mesh bags and direct release in a highland brook.  In 12 surveys to the translocation site, a total of 86 individuals were identified during spring and summer.  The average survival rate during the acclimatizing phase was 98 ± 0.04 %, while an average survival rate of 12 ± 0.04 % was obtained when the newts were released in the brook.  Applying an average diurnal detection probability obtained for the Yellow Spotted Mountain Newt Neurergus derjugini, the overall survival rate in September when newts began the autumn withdrawal was 13%.  These findings demonstrate that captive-born N. kaiseri released into the wild in controlled conditions can survive during spring and summer and provide information for future reintroduction plan of this species.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. by Air Layering under Sahelian Climate in Niger

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maman Kamal Abdou Habou ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Laouali Abdou ◽  
Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou ◽  
Ismaël Bio Yandou` ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Diameter Classes

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a fruit species from the Sahelian and Sudano-sahelian zones, highly appreciated by the population. It provides a source of income for the rural population and its various parts are used for human and animal food, handicrafts and traditional medicine. However, the lack of data on propagation techniques of the species is a significant limitation to its domestication. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of Balanites aegyptiaca by air layering. The trials were conducted in the Arboretum of Sahara Sahel Foods in Zinder, Niger. The layers were placed on orthotropic branches. The variables selected were the diameter class (1-2 cm, 2-3 cm and 3-4 cm) and the substrates (sand+manure, sand+sawdust and sand). A total of 116 layers were made. The results show that 93.1% of the layers have taken root two months after realization. The diameter classes and the three substrates have no significant influence on the number of roots. In contrast, root length varied significantly with substrates (P = 0.000) and branch diameter classes (P = 0.031). As for the diameter of the newly formed roots, a significant difference was observed between the diameter classes and the substrates have no significant effect on this parameter. One month after weaning of layers, an average survival rate of 68.5% was obtained. The seedlings of the diameter class 2-3 cm have the highest survival rate (83.1%). These results suggest that it is possible to produce Balanites aegyptiaca plants by air layering, and could contribute to the development of strategies adapted to its domestication.

scholarly journals  Winter survival of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in aerial tissues of black alder        

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Černý ◽  
V. Strnadová
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Pathogen Survival ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Survival Rate ◽  
Potential Climate Change

The winter survival of the invasive pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in black alder stems was studied in the bankside alder stand of the Moravsk&aacute; Dyje River in southern Bohemia after two very different winter seasons: cold in 2008/2009, with the average temperature of &ndash;1.96&deg;C, and extremely mild in 2006/2007, with the average temperature of 2.54&deg;C. The difference in these two winters resembles the expected potential climate change in Central Europe in this century. After the cold winter of 2008/2009, the pathogen survived in only 13.91% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 2.70%. The pathogen survived the mild winter much better and was successfully isolated from 86.09% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 25.52%. Moreover, the total thickness of the covering tissues (outer + inner bark) and exposure to the most heated southwestern quadrant of stem girth positively affected the pathogen survival. Winter freezing seems to be an important environmental factor regulating the pathogen survival in alder stems and disease severity. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Bullet, Styroplug and Bareroot Seedlings on Mid-Elevation Sites in Coastal British Columbia

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
C 63

A trial was established over 2 successive years at two mid-elevation locations on southern Vancouver Island to assess and compare the field performance of a) 1-0 seedlings grown in Walters' bullets, b) 1-0 plug seedlings grown in BC/CFS Styroblocks, and c) conventional 2-0 bareroot stock of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tsuga heterophylla.Five years after planting, average survival rates for P. menziesii were a) 77, b) 84 and c) 81%, and for T. heterophylla, a) 69, b) 87 and c) 63%. Average fifth year height on these mid-elevation sites was a) 51, b) 62 and c) 72 cm for P. menziesii, and a) 63, b) 67 and c) 57 cm for T. heterophylla. The results indicate that significantly better field performance can be obtained using 1-0 styroplug seedlings for T. heterophylla rather than conventional 2-0 bareroot stock. Such statistically significant differences were not evident for P. menziesii.

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