Transpiration Rates of Fraxinusamericana and AcersaccharumLeaves

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Kozlowski ◽  
W. J. Davies ◽  
S. D. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and under constant environmental conditions on transpiration rates and stomatal aperture of intact seedlings and excised leaflets or leaves of Fraxinusamericana and Acersaccharum. Leaf surfaces of both species were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Transpiration rates on a leaf area or dry weight basis were consistently higher for Fraxinus than for Acer seedlings. Transpiration rates also were higher in excised leaves of Fraxinus than in those of Acer. The higher transpiration capacity of Fraxinus was associated with larger (but fewer) stomata, less efficient stomatal closure, and less effective cutinization than in Acer. Differences in transpiration rates between Fraxinus and Acer were greater for excised leaves than for intact seedlings. This was largely the result of more rapid stomatal closure of excised leaves of Acer than of Fraxinus. The paramount importance of control of stomatal aperture in influencing internal water balance of plants is emphasized.

Effect of moisturized air on magnetoimpedance response of Fe-based ribbons

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (24) ◽  
pp. 2050249
Author(s):  
L. Yoosefi ◽  
V. Setoodeh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Response Ratio ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Weak Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

High sensitivity and response ratio of magnetoimpedance (MI) sensors have raised interest for using them in different environments for detection of weak magnetic fields of magnetic elements even though the high dependence of the MI response to the surface condition of the MI sensor has limited its application in some environments. In this study, we investigate the effects originating from the MI measurement in moisturized air. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, it is observed that the surface of an Fe-based MI sensor has become rough and granular after the presence of moisture on its surface. Results can be useful for developing MI sensors for use in different environmental conditions.

Eucalypt phytoglyphs: The micronanatomical features of the epidermis in relation to taxonomy

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
SGM Carr ◽  
L Milkovits ◽  
DJ Carr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Scanning Electron

The eucalypt leaf contains a store of untapped information of potentially great value taxonomic and evututionary studies. Tie cuticie of certain eucalypts is shown to possess a complex and species-specific ornamentation so distinctive that its features can be regarded as diagnostic. The term "phytoglyph" is coined for the constellation of microanatomical features of the surfaces of leaves, including the microanatomy of the cuticle. Phytoglyphic analysis relates to the combination of three methods, light microscopy of stained cuticles, scanning electron microscopy of leaf surfaces, and light microscopy of thin sections of the cuticular and associated structures. Its use is illustrated by the dissection of the "form species" E. dichromophloia into a number of separate and recognizable entities, some of which were previously accorded the status of species. The plant geographical and other implications of this dissection are dealt with. In particular, E. dichromophloia F. Muell. is to be regarded as a species of very restricted distribution. The microanatomical characters of the cuticle are closely controlled products of the epidermal layers. The fact that specimens which (on other grounds) can be grouped together as a species have identical cuticular microanatomy suggests that the phytoglyph is genetically strongly determined and does not consist of inadvertent, trivial surface features with a high degree of plasticity. This in turn raises the problem of the development of the cuticular microanatomy which cannot be explained on current views of the formation of the cuticle by passive diffusion of precursor substances through the epidermal walls, followed by a hardening process.

scholarly journals 187 Foliar Application of Urea to Citrus: Effects of Non-ionic and Organosilicone Adjuvants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 422F-423
Author(s):  
Vladimir Orbovic ◽  
John L. Jifon ◽  
James P. Syvertsen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Urea Uptake ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Adjuvant Effects ◽  
Scanning Electron

Urea solutions, with or without non-ionic (X-77) and organosilicone (L-77) surfactant, were applied to Citrus leaves and isolated cuticles to examine adjuvant effects on urea uptake and leaf net gas exchange. When compared to X-77, L-77 exhibited superior features as a surfactant, resulting in smaller contact angles of droplets deposited on teflon slide. Both L-77 and X-77 had a strong effect on penetration rate of urea within first 20 min of experiment. Effect of L-77 on urea penetration rate decreased quickly within next 20 min, whereas the effect of X-77 was sustained over a 24-h period following application. When compared to solution of urea alone, addition of X-77 to urea resulted in significant increase of the total amount of urea that penetrated the cuticles. The effect of L-77 was smaller, although the total amount of urea that penetrated the cuticles within a 4-day period was similar for both surfactants. Solutions of either urea alone, urea+L-77 and urea+X-77, or L-77 alone, induced a negative effect on net CO2 assimilation (ACO2) for 4 to 24 h after they were sprayed onto leaves. X-77, when applied alone, had no effect on ACO2. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that 1 h after application, leaf surfaces treated with X-77 appeared to be heavily coated, as opposed to those treated with L-77, which appeared similar to untreated control leaves.

Low-temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy and Physical-Chemical investigations of leaf surface characteristics

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guggenheim ◽  
E. Zuberbühler ◽  
M. Düggelin ◽  
J. Harr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Plant protection agents (often incorrectly referred to as ‘pesticides’) mostly are targeted at plant surfaces either to protect them against pathogens and parasites or to destroy the treated plants in the case of herbicides. Many times, more than one species of plants are involved, that respond differently to such applications.In any of the cases cited, a thorough knowledge of the leaf surface characteristics may help to explain desired or undesirable effects. Also the wetting properties of a spray applied to plants will likely influence the performance of the active ingredient involved. It is obvious that only the use of a whole array of different methods will allow an interpretation or a prediction of effects caused by the application of plant protection sprays.To get well preserved epicuticular wax structures of leaf surfaces we used low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). Fresh cut samples were immediatly frozen in liquid nitrogen, transferred into a Balzers SCU 020 cryopreparation unit attached to an SEM Cambridge Mk II A.

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