The Distribution and Composition of Extractives in Jack Pine Trees

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sinclair ◽  
D. K. Dymond
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

The distribution of acetone-soluble extractives in jack pine trees of different diameters, and at different locations within a single tree was studied. The amount of extractives varied from 3% in a 10 cm diameter tree to 9.6% in a 50 cm diameter tree. Within a single tree the top had the least amount of extract, 2.7%, while the needle bearing twigs had the greatest amount, 4.6%. Gas–liquid chromatographic analysis of the extracts showed that the composition was relatively similar for all sizes of trees and within one tree except in the top and the branches. The heartwood of the tree had a much higher extractive content than the sapwood and contained a higher concentration of resin acids, pinocembrin, and pinobanksin.

Morphological and foliar terpene characters to distinguish between western and eastern white pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2525-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt ◽  
M. D. Meagher ◽  
J. F. Manville
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Representative Samples

To distinguish between western (Pinus monticola) and eastern (P. strobus) white pines, foliage, buds, and cones were examined and foliar terpenes were extracted and analyzed from representative samples. Needles of P. monticola were heavier, wider (>0.7 mm), and stiffer; buds were larger and usually nonresinous; cone scales, when viewed from the cone bottom, were arranged in five and eight spiralling rows. Needles of P. strobus were lighter, narrower (<0.7 mm), and droopy; buds were small and covered with white resin and bloom; cone scales were arranged in three and five rows. Needles and cones of P. monticola tended to be longer; cones were composed of more scales and contained more scales per centimetre and more scales per spiral row than those of P. strobus, but there was some overlap. Twig pubescence, bud apex shape, phyllotaxy, and seed wing length were not distinctive. Capillary gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the leaf oils of white pine trees showed that bornyl acetate and β-elemene, present in P. monticola, were essentially absent in P. strobus, while α-humulene, present in P. strobus, was not found in P. monticola. In addition, the amount of β-caryophyllene could be used to differentiate between these species. However, the most obvious discriminating feature was the presence of a substantial and broad peak of unknown and decomposing compound(s) in the chromatograms for P. monticola and its complete absence in the chromatograms for P. strobus. A clone that was highly resistant to blister rust and previously classified as P. monticola is shown by terpene patterns and morphology to be P. strobus. Key words: Pinus monticola, Pinus strobus, terpene, Cronartium, morphology.

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