Application to Woody Plants of a Rapid Method for Determining Leaf CO2 Compensation Concentrations

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Dickmann ◽  
D. H. Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

A rapid method of determining CO2 compensation concentrations was developed and applied to woody plants. Whole leaves, needle fascicles, and twigs were excised, the cut ends inserted in a vial of deionized water, and the assembly placed in a Mylar bag. The bag was filled with air containing ca. 400 p.p.m. CO2. After 1 h in a growth chamber (24 °C, 3800 ft-c (40 660 lux)), the air was expelled from the bag through an infrared gas analyzer. Compensation concentrations determined by this method agreed with values obtained by using conventional closed-circuit gas analysis. The method was successfully applied to 14 gymnosperm and 55 angiosperm woody species and clones, including field-grown plants and rooted cuttings grown under controlled environment. Variation among species was small, compensation concentrations usually falling between 55 and 65 p.p.m. CO2, the range associated with C3 plants. The influence of temperature, moisture stress, and leaf ontogeny on leaf CO2 compensation also was studied.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants III. Leaf Age

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Ludlow ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Pasture Plants

Grass and legume plants were grown under near-optimum conditions in controlled-environment cabinets. Changes in net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration rate, and carbon dioxide transfer resistances during leaf ontogeny, and variability between leaves on grass tillers and legume runners were studied under controlled conditions in an open gas analysis system.

Exhaust Gas Analysis for Automobile Quality Control by a New Non-Dispersive Infrared Gas Analyzer

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Usami ◽  
Hidekatu Miyake ◽  
Osamu Saitoh ◽  
Kozo Ishida ◽  
Kimio Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

Moisture stress and its effect on photosynthesis in Dicranum polysetum

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2897-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Peterson ◽  
James M. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Dicranum Polysetum

The effect of water stress on the moss Dicranum polysetum Sw. was studied in the growth chamber, and water potential (ψ) was found to vary as much as 15 atm between the tip of the plant and areas 2 to 4 cm within the cushion, which suggests that very little water is transported from the base of the stem to its tip. With an infrared gas analyzer it was determined that photosynthesis ceases at −21 to −23 atm and the moss remains dormant until it is rewetted. Upon rewetting, there is a sharp burst of respiration that doubles the normal CO2 output. This burst reached its maximum level of 4 mg CO2 g−1 h−1 within 15 min and was of short duration. Full photosynthetic rate was restored in 8 h.

scholarly journals Toward a Better Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles, a Novel Strategy from Eucalyptus Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Hanadi Sawalha ◽  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
Ruzana Sanusi ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Aida Atiqah Mohd Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Ideal

Nanotechnology is a promising tool that has opened the doors of improvement to the quality of human’s lives through its potential in numerous technological aspects. Green chemistry of nanoscale materials (1–100 nm) is as an effective and sustainable strategy to manufacture homogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties, thus making the synthesis of green NPs, especially metal nanoparticles (MNPs), the scientist’s core theme. Researchers have tested different organisms to manufacture MNPs and the results of experiments confirmed that plants tend to be the ideal candidate amongst all entities and are suitable to synthesize a wide variety of MNPs. Natural and cultivated Eucalyptus forests are among woody plants used for landscape beautification and as forest products. The present review has been written to reflect the efficacious role of Eucalyptus in the synthesis of MNPs. To better understand this, the route of extracting MNPs from plants, in general, and Eucalyptus, in particular, are discussed. Furthermore, the crucial factors influencing the process of MNP synthesis from Eucalyptus as well as their characterization and recent applications are highlighted. Information gathered in this review is useful to build a basis for new prospective research ideas on how to exploit this woody species in the production of MNPs. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to feed the scientific field with further investigations on wider applications of Eucalyptus-derived MNPs.

scholarly journals Silicon Oxide Etching Process of NF3 and F3NO Plasmas with a Residual Gas Analyzer

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3026
Author(s):  
Woo-Jae Kim ◽  
In-Young Bang ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Yeon-Soo Park ◽  
Hee-Tae Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Dc Offset ◽  
Cleaning Performance ◽  
Oxide Etching ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Etch Rates ◽  
Very High

The use of NF3 is significantly increasing every year. However, NF3 is a greenhouse gas with a very high global warming potential. Therefore, the development of a material to replace NF3 is required. F3NO is considered a potential replacement to NF3. In this study, the characteristics and cleaning performance of the F3NO plasma to replace the greenhouse gas NF3 were examined. Etching of SiO2 thin films was performed, the DC offset of the plasma of both gases (i.e., NF3 and F3NO) was analyzed, and a residual gas analysis was performed. Based on the analysis results, the characteristics of the F3NO plasma were studied, and the SiO2 etch rates of the NF3 and F3NO plasmas were compared. The results show that the etch rates of the two gases have a difference of 95% on average, and therefore, the cleaning performance of the F3NO plasma was demonstrated, and the potential benefit of replacing NF3 with F3NO was confirmed.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Capture Using a Zeolite Molecular Sieve Sampling System for Isotopic Studies (13C and 14C) of Respiration

Radiocarbon ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M L Hardie ◽  
M H Garnett ◽  
A E Fallick ◽  
A P Rowland ◽  
N J Ostle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

A method for collecting an isotopically representative sample of CO2 from an air stream using a zeolite molecular sieve is described. A robust sampling system was designed and developed for use in the field that includes reusable molecular sieve cartridges, a lightweight pump, and a portable infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). The system was tested using international isotopic standards (13C and 14C). Results showed that CO2 could be trapped and recovered for both δ13C and 14C analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), respectively, without any contamination, fractionation, or memory effect. The system was primarily designed for use in carbon isotope studies of ecosystem respiration, with potential for use in other applications that require CO2 collection from air.

scholarly journals Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Ján Supuka ◽  
Attila Tóth ◽  
Mária Bihuňová ◽  
Martina Verešová ◽  
Karol Šinka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Acer Campestre

AbstractThe woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH OF ALBIZIA ADIANTHIFOLIA AND ALBIZIA ZYGIA (TWO LOCAL LEGUMINOUS PLANTS WITH RAPID GROWTH) DURING THE REGENERATION OF THE POST-FARMING FALLOW AND DEGRADED SPACES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
Kouassi Kouadio Henri ◽  
Kouassi Roland Hervé ◽  
Amon Ano Denis-Esdras
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Albizia Adianthifolia

The threat which is on the forests and wooded spaces of Africa and particularly those of Côte d'Ivoire is accentuated over the years. The quoted leading causes are the land pressure related to demography, the anarchistic exploitation of the forest woody plants and itinerant agriculture. In many cases, the afforestation is the recommended palliative measure. But with which woody plants does one retimber in Côte d'Ivoire? Which assessment are previous initiatives made? On several occasions the exotic woody plants with rapid growth were used without success. The main objective of this study is to identify local woody plants with rapid growths of which the use will contribute to a significant degree to fast regeneration of our forests, degraded spaces and the post-farming fallow. Floristic inventories and measurements were carried out on the stems of Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia in elementary plots of 400 m ² (20m X 20m). Two local arborescent Leguminous plants with rapid growth were identified for this purpose. They were: Albizia adianthifolia and Albizia zygia. The experiments showed that these species reach the maximas of their growth in height and thickness as from nine (9) years. The sowing of the fallow and/or spaces degraded by these woody species supports the fast regeneration of these degraded spaces.

scholarly journals Urban Dendroflora of the Macedonia Park in the City of Skopje, North Macedonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Martina Shotaroska ◽  
Bojan Simovski ◽  
Tomcho Nikolovski ◽  
Katerina Chonevska ◽  
Ivan Minčev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum

Subject of research in this article is the urban dendroflora of the Macedonia Park, situated on about 50,000 m2 in the Macedonian capital city of Skopje, i.e., identification and presence of the recent woody plants. Thus, observed are morphological and ecological features of the woody plants and their current state in this urban environment. The investigation relates to a seven-year period (since the establishment of the Park in 2012 up to late 2019). After the field research and the inventorisation of the woody plants in the Park, 82 taxa were identified, represented in 1,318 individuals. Most represented tree species is the hybrid Platanus × hispanica Mill. ex Münchh. with 103 individuals (7.81% of the overall urban dendroflora). Most frequent tree including infraspecific taxa is Fraxinus excelsior L. (including F. e. ‘Globosa’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’, and F. e. ‘Pendula’) with a total number of 146 individuals (11.08%). Concerning other growth form, the mini and small tree roses of hybrid Rosa Floribunda Group outnumber all ornamental woody species with 225 bushes (17.07%). Climbers are represented with 3 taxa (3.66% of identified taxa) in pergolas (Wisteria sinensis /Sims/ Sweet, Parthenocissus quinquefolia /L./ Planch.), and wire cage topiary (Hedera helix L.). Likewise, 87 individuals (6.60%) of 10 species (12.19%) occur as remnants of the greening in the past of which 3 species are used as a green core of a small sacral architecture: Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Mill.) Loudon (with 10 trees), Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (3), and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (1). In general, the urban dendroflora is properly selected and used for greening, although certain species and individuals are withering (e.g. Betula pendula ‘Youngii’, Juniperus scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’, F. e. ‘Jaspidea’) or unsuitably used for avenue and in small alpine-like garden.

Preparation of matched reagents for use with the Scholander gas analyzer

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-166
Author(s):  
R. G. Collins ◽  
V. W. Musasche ◽  
E. T. Howley
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Fixed Acid

Scholander's method of gas analysis requires that the solutions for CO2 absorber, O2 absorber, and acid-rinse be matched in terms of water vapor tension throughout the analysis. Any difference in vapor pressure between either or both of the absorbing solutions and the indicator drop (composed of acid-rinse) will produce a measurable volume change which cannot be attributed to the presence of absorbable gases. This paper describes a practical and quantitative method for preparing reagents whose vapor pressures are matched. A fixed acid-rinse formulation was used throughout. A CO2 absorber prepared from 1.35 N KOH and an O2 absorber prepared from 0.76 N KOH were both matched in terms of vapor pressure with Scholander's acid-rinse solution. Analysis of atmospheric air provided a check on the accuracy of the technique. The values obtained were O2 20.94%, CO2 0.03%, and N2 (balance) 79.04%.

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