A Test of Close-Spaced, Short-Rotation Culture of Black Cottonwood

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Heilman ◽  
D. V. Peabody Jr. ◽  
D. S. DeBell ◽  
R. F. Strand
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Rotation Culture ◽  
Slight Damage

Yield of black cottonwood (Populustrichocarpa Torr. and Gray) in 2-year rotations was affected in the first rotation by spacing and fertilization. Closest spacing (0.30 × 0.30 m) resulted in highest yield in the first rotation whereas in the second rotation, yield was not significantly affected by spacing. The average fresh weight yields were 13.4 tons/hectare/year in the first harvest and 20.9 tons/hectare/year in the second harvest. Initial fertilization with both N, and N, P, and K fertilizers improved growth in the first harvest but not in the second. During the first year, triazine herbicides controlled weeds but caused slight damage to the plants. Although there were no significant differences in yield between the herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) reduced survival and first year height growth below that obtained with propazine (2-chloro-4, 6-bis[isopropylamino]-s-triazine) or simazine (2-chloro-4, 6-bis-ethylamino-s-triazine). Yield results and limited pulping studies show that short rotation black cottonwood has potential value for pulp fiber production.

Boron Deficiency in a Southern Pine Nursery

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Stone ◽  
C. A. Hollis ◽  
E. L. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Boron deficiency in seedling loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliotti Engelm.) in a northern Florida nursery was diagnosed by: (1) characteristic damage to shoot tips and buds, including necrosis of only part of the terminal; and (2) boron concentrations as low as only 1.9 ppm (dry weight) in affected tissues. Soil and soil-management features associated with deficiency include extremely low silt and clay contents, organic matter levels of 1 percent or less, lack of boron addition, and high calcium irrigation water leading to soil reactions above pH 6 by late summer. Consequences of deficiency were not limited to the nursery. Damaged seedlings that survived outplanting developed into bushy plants incapable of normal height growth in the first year or two.

Silver Maple Seed Sources for Increased Biomass Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Kopp ◽  
Wayne A. Geyer ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
South Central ◽  
Maple Seed

Abstract Silver maple shows promise for use in short-rotation intensive culture energy plantings. A seed source study composed of trees from 26 midwest locations was established in south-central Nebraska in 1979 to determine where silver maple seed should be collected for use in the central Great Plains. Trees were evaluated for survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems per tree during their seventh growing season. Sources from eastern Nebraska, western Iowa, eastern Kansas, and northwest Missouri generally exhibited the greatest survival, height growth, and number of dominant stems. Height growth appears to be under stronger genetic control than stem number, suggesting that selection for height should take priority when selecting trees for biomass production. Geographic trends related to survival and height growth, but not stem number, were observed. Environmental or geographic factors that are strong predictors of seed source performance could not be identified. Planting the most locally produced seed is advisable for the central Plains. North. J. Appl. For. 5:180-184, Sept. 1988.

scholarly journals Low-Investment Fully Mechanized Harvesting of Short-Rotation Poplar (populus spp.) Plantations

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Natascia Magagnotti ◽  
Carolina Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Whole Tree

European short-rotation poplar plantations are harvested at 5–8 year rotations and produce relatively small stems (0.05–0.10 m3), which represent a major challenge when designing a cost-effective harvesting chain. Until now, the challenge has been met through whole-tree chipping, which allows mass-handling all through the harvesting chain. However, the production of higher value logs for the panel industry requires devising different solutions. This study presents a fully mechanized low-investment system using an excavator-based feller-buncher shear, a grapple skidder obtained from the conversion of a common farm tractor and an excavator-mounted grapple saw adapted to work as a makeshift slasher. The system was tested in Northwestern Italy, achieving high productivity (between 14 and 20 t fresh weight per scheduled machine hour) and low harvesting cost (between 9 and 14 € t−1 fresh weight). However, crosscutting quality needs further improvement, because almost 50% of the logs did not meet factory specifications. Solutions to solve this issue are proposed. The tested system is suitable for local small-scale operators because it can be acquired with a reasonable capital investment (400,000 €) and it is versatile enough for use in a number of alternative jobs, when the coppice harvesting season is over.

Weight and Height Growth in Twins and Children Born in the Last Decade

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alfieri ◽  
I. Gatti ◽  
A.C. Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
First Year

AbstractWeight and height growth has been examined in 400 twins and 229 singletons born 1975-1985. Periodical measurements have been taken from 0 to 7 years of age. As compared to values obtained in a previous study of twins and singletons born 1960-1974, though limited to the first year of age, twins appear to continue to do worse than singletons in their growth. However, height values appear to have become higher in the first year of age in both twins and singletons born 1975-1985.

Potential use of bialaphos, a microbially produced phytotoxin, to control red raspberry in forest plantations and its effect on black spruce

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jobidon
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Quadratic Relation ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Active Radiation

Bialaphos foliar sprays were tested in eastern Quebec for control of red raspberry (Rubusidaeus L.), and the tolerance of planted black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings was determined. Approximately 3 weeks after bialaphos was applied in July, August, or September, virtually all raspberry plants were killed. Efficiency of the June application, however, was much reduced. Spruce current-year foliage was more affected than older foliage. Foliar injury was more pronounced for bialaphos applications in June and July than for applications in August. First-year spruce survival was not affected by the treatments. Second-year evaluations revealed a significant quadratic relation of (i) month of application × bialaphos rate on raspberry density and (ii) bialaphos rate on raspberry height growth. Reduction in raspberry density and height growth was greater with the 2.0 and 2.5 kg active ingredient per hectare rates applied in August. As part of the evaluation of treatment efficiency, photosynthetically active radiation reaching spruce seedlings was measured using a portable integrating radiometer. Raspberry density and height growth were both negatively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation reaching spruce seedlings. A significant quadratic relation was found between bialaphos rate and 2nd-year spruce survival, which reached 95%, regardless of month and rate of application. A significant quadratic relation was found between spruce diameter growth increment and bialaphos rate. Except for calcium, 2nd-year spruce foliar mineral content was not affected by the treatments. Bialaphos treatments in August, with rates ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 kg active ingredient per hectare, had only slight or no adverse effects on spruce survival, foliar injury, and growth increment. Selective control of red raspberry in young black spruce plantations is a function of bialaphos rate and month of application.

scholarly journals Promising introduced Black Cottonwood species for bioenergy and forage production

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012088
Author(s):  
A Tsarev ◽  
Yu Plugatar ◽  
R Tsareva ◽  
V Tsarev ◽  
N Laur
Keyword(s):  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Root Cutting ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract The winter-hardy introduced North American Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray is of particular interest. The results of the study of some clones of poplar on the experimental sites of the Voronezh region are presented. It was found that the rootability of standard stem cuttings of poplar was 98-100%. The survival of plants during the first 3-5 years varied from 75 to 100%. The growing season in different years was 135-146 days. The yield of standard cuttings on root-cutting plantations under favorable conditions and optimal age varied in different clones from 592 000 to 1 380 000 pieces per ha. The wood stock at the age of economical exploitability (~25 years) reached 400 m3/ha, while the stock of local balsam poplar at the same age reached 220 m3/ha. The green mass of leaves contained 0.22-0.28 feed units/kg. In addition, the content of digestible protein, calcium, phosphorus, carotene, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extractives and ash was determined. In general, studied clones of P. trichocarpa can be used in short rotation coppices for bioenergy and feed production, as well as in reclamation plantings. Clones of the poplar can be used in hybridization with black poplars to increase their winter hardiness.

Benomyl Root Dips Adversely Affect First-Year Performance of Stored Loblolly Pine Seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Stumpff ◽  
David B. South
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Beneficial Response ◽  
Clay Slurry ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Dipping loblolly pine roots into a clay slurry containing benomyl (1.25% active ingredient) at the time of packing did not improve survival of seedlings stored (near 3°C) for 1 to 4 weeks. In some situations, benomyl decreased out-planting survival. Regardless of lifting date or storage length, benomyl slightly decreased first-year height growth (by 12 to 17%). Although previous research has demonstrated that a benomyl treatment can improve the ability of March-lifted seedlings to withstand prolonged storage, a beneficial response is not yet predictable for loblolly pine seedlings lifted between October and February. South. J. Appl. For. 15(3):133-137.

scholarly journals Burden of Active Tuberculosis in an Integrated Health Care System, 1997–2016: Incidence, Mortality, and Excess Health Care Utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Y Wada ◽  
Christian Lee-Rodriguez ◽  
Yun-Yi Hung ◽  
Jacek Skarbinski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Integrated Health Care System ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Active tuberculosis (TB) is preventable. To quantify the potential value of prevention, we assessed active TB burden in a large health system from 1997 to 2016. Compared with a matched non-TB cohort, patients with active TB had higher mortality (8.4% vs 1.3%), mean number of hospitalizations (0.55 vs 0.10), emergency department visits (0.78 vs 0.28), and outpatient visits (14.6 vs 5.9) in the first year. TB-associated hospital use (mean number of hospitalizations and total length of stay) increased from 1997–2000 compared with 2013–2016 despite decreasing active TB incidence. Active TB is associated with high mortality and health care utilization and has remained stable or increased over time.

Effects of Sulfometuron on the Emergence and Growth of Seeded Northern Red Oak, White Ash, and White Pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry H. McCormick ◽  
David H. Allen ◽  
John W. Groninger ◽  
Todd W. Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Direct Seeded

Abstract Sulfometuron (Oust®) and glyphosate (Roundup®) were applied separately and as tank mixes to plots direct seeded with northern red oak, white ash, and white pine. Treatments included applications of glyphosate, sulfometuron (low and high rate), sulfometuron (low and high rate) + glyphosate, and an untreated control. Results after 2 years showed no effect of sulfometuron at either rate on the emergence of northern red oak and white ash. Emergence of white pine was reduced by both rates of sulfometuron alone or in combination with glyphosate. Sulfometuron at the higher rate alone or in combination with glyphosate reduced the height growth of northern red oak and white ash, and increased first-year mortality of northern red oak. Height growth and first-year survival of white pine was not affected by either rate of sulfometuron. Glyphosate alone or in combination with sulfometuron at the lower rate had no adverse effect on the emergence or seedling growth of northern red oak, white ash, or white pine. North. J. Appl. For. 8(1):9-11

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